摘要:

1 T H E ANALYST. JANUARY, 1885. TO OUR READERS. WITH this number we commence our eighth volume; or, including the volume previously published, of ‘‘ Proceedings of the Society of Public Analysts ” (which was subsequenty incorporated with THE ANALYST), our ninth volume. We issue with it the index for the past year, which, we think, will show that, as regards quantity and quality of matter, we have at any rate kept up to the mark. For the last two years we have published monthly a series of Analyses of the Public Water Supplies of the principal towns of Great Britain and Ireland. These analyses have been made at considerable cost, both of time and money, by over fifty analysts at the request of the Society, and without any payment from the Water Companies or Corporations who have supplied the water, but simply for the purpose of disseminating a knowledge not only as to the characteristics of the supplies themselves, but also as to the monthly variations which might take place in them ; they have, in fact, been purely independent analyseg.We have printed in all nearly 1,000 analyses, which have been made upon an uniform system, and reported in such a way as to be directly comparable one with another, thua constituting the largest series of uniform analyses of water supplies which have ever been published by any private body of analysts. Most of the gentlemen who have acted with us in this matter have now, however, come to the conclusion that we need not any longer incur the cost of such L monthly systematic publication, and with this we quite agree.The object of the Society was to draw public attention to the character of the water used for drinking purposes in different parts of the Kingdom, and to give facilities which were not then available for judging of the relative qualities. We purpose, when we have made the necessary arrangements, to publish, at intervals, a series of complete mineral analyses of the leading supplies, elaborating the analyses in such a way as to ahow (according to a saheme which we hope to detail shortly in this journal) such full particulars of the mineral constituents of each water as will enable a fair judgment to be formed as to the influence, if any, which these constituents exercise upon the death-rate of the towns. This point has frequently been raised, but the data upon which any conclusion as regards the influence of the water supply could bb founded haye not hitherto been forthcoming.In addition to this, we hope, with the assistance of the analysts who have hitherto worked with us, and perhaps some others, to publish oceasionally a series of analyses of public supplies, which, although not sufficient to show the monthly variations and their character, may be enough to show that the general standard of purity is or is not kept up. As Editors we must tender to the Andysts who have gratuitously assisted in the work, the thanks, not onIy of ourselves, but of the Society by whose requebt the analyses have been made, for the labour they have undertaken in connection with those artalyaeg, which labour has been rendered all the more heavy by the fact that, from the necessity of monthly publicstion, it has had to be done regularly, and doubtless in many cases at considerable inconvenience, This intention, we think, has been most amply fulfilled,2 THE ANALYST. As regarda other matter, we hope, during the coming year to do even more than maintain the position whioh THE ANALYST has already attained, and to do all we can to introduce any new features which may be of interest t o our readers.The following i~1 the list of Analysts to whom the water reports are to be credited- Rf. A. ADAWS. A. H. ALLEN. A. AxaaLL. L. ARCHBUTT. A. ASHBY. .J. BAYNES. J. CABTEB-BELL. C. M. BLADES. T. P. BLUKT. A. WYNTER-BLYTH. C. A. CAXEROX. H. I?. CHEBHIRE. T. A. COLLINQE. JV. G. CROOK. A. DUPRE. B. DYER. W. L. EYMERSON. 3. lv. BIGGART. C. ESTCOURT. T. FAII~LEY. J. W. GATPHOUSE. R. R. ~ ~ A R L A X D . S. HARVET. 0. HEHNER. c. HEISCH. A. Rim. A. BOSTOCIC HILT,. G. JARRIAIN. W. JOHNSTONE. E. W. T. JONES. J. FALUONER KING. A. KITCHIM. J. WEST-KNIOHTB. H. IIEFFNAN. W. MORGaN. J. MUTER. J. NAPIER. R. OXLAID. J. PATTINSON. F. 33. PERKINS. JV. E. POBTEB. F. M. RIMILINGCTON. J. SHEA. A. SMETHAM. A. P. SXITH. W. F. K. STOCK. F. W, STODDART. H. SWETE. w. SYKES. W. THOMSON. W. R. WATSON. G. W, WIGNER. H. J. YELD.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800001

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

2 THE ANALYST. A POINT CONCERNING MILK CONTROL. BY DR. P. VIETH, F.C.S. Bead bsfore the Society oj* Public Analysts orb 15th Aorernbcr, 1882. I& the early part of this year I made an investigation with the view to ascertain whether there is in the milk delivery churns a yise of cream to a oonsiderable extent during the time ~- ~ -_-- - * We are compelled to hold over these papers until our next nwnber.-EP. Analyst.THE ANALYST. 8 ~~ in which the milk is delivered to the castomere. I selected for my experiment a round which goes rather far, to Chiswick, bad the milk in the churn thoroughly mixed, and a sample drawn from tbe tap of the churn just before the man left the yard of the Aylesbury Dairy Company’s premises, St. Petersburgh Plaee, Bayswater, at one o’clock, One of the company’s inspectors had orders to take two more samples about at the beginning and towards the end of the delivery.These eamples were taken at 2.45 and 6.20 in the after- noon. The three samplesl were analyeed, with the following result :- Spec. grav. Tot. solids. Fat. SO~. n. fat. 1. Sample taken before milk was sent out ........ 1.0335 1305°/0 3’300f0 9*750/0 2. . . . . on the round at 2.45 o’clock.. .... 1.0336 13.13 .. 3.40 .. 9.73 .. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . 5.20 ........ 1‘0330 18-24 .. 3.50 .. 9-14 .. These figures prove that there had not been any considerable alteration in the milk, and this result quite agrees with those I find every day with the regular smples taken by our inspeotors from the men when working their rounds. I t is only a very short time ago since I met with a milk which behaved very differently.There is a sample taken from each round before it leave8 the yard. On the 28th of October one of these samples showed the unusually high specifm gravity of l*OS45. The mmple was analysed, as was likewise a sample of the milk brought back from the round. The reslnltsl were as follows :- Bpeo. gmv. Tot. solide. Fat. 801. n. fat. 1. Sample taken before sent out ................ 1-0345 12.18°/,, 2°600/, 9.68°/0 2. . . . . as returned ................ 1.0335 13132 .. 3*70 .. 9-62 .. The day after the next, October 8Oth, a sample of milk from the Hame farmer was taken immediately after the milk had arrived in the dairy, and had been thoroughly mixed; that took place at 12 o’clock. Tho milk wag then turned over from the railway churn into the dolivery ohurn, and a ijeoond sample drawn from the tap of the latter, before it went out, at one o’clook.A third sample was taken of the milk returned at five o’clook. 1. Srtmple taken at 12 o’clock.. ................ 1.0330 13*86O/, 420°/o 9*66O/, 2. . . . . . . 1 .................... 100345 12-70 .. 3.00 .. 9-70 .. The results of analysing these three samples were as follows :- Speo. grav. Tot. erolidrs. Fat. SO~. n. iat. 3. . . . . . . 5 .................... 1.0330 1366 .. 4-10 .. 9.56 .. On the 31at of October a sample was again taken of the milk,. when delivered into the dairy, and properly mixed. One hour later two other samples were taken, one from the top and one from the bottom of the churn-the latter drawn from the tap. The composition of these three samples is given in the following figures :- Speo. grav.Tot. eolids, Fat. Sol. n. fat. 1. Sample taken at 12 o’clock ................ 1*0130 13’36O/, 3-90°/, 9.46% 2. ,, ,, ,, 1 ,, from the top 1.0246 20-96 ,, 1150 ,, 946 ,, 34 $9 9 9 9 , 9 9 I ) ,, ,, bottom 1.0340 19.40 ,, 2-90 ,) 9.50 ,, Finally, ori the 1st of November, I had samples taken its follows :-The first sample sb one o’clock, before the milk left the yard, three samples on the round, at two, three, and four o’clock, and a fifth sample of the milk returned at five o’clock. The analytical exami- nation of these five sayderrygave the followiga resnlts :- Spec, grav, Tot. solids. Fat. 801. n. fat. 1. Sample taken at 1 o’clock .................. 1.0325 13*30°/, 3‘90”/, 9*40°/ . . . . . . .................... .. .. 2. 2 1.0345 12OL,, 2.60 9.54 3. . . . . . . 3 .................... 1.0360 11.86 .. 2.30 .. 9-56 . 4. . . . . . . 4 .................... 1.0306 15.80 .. 640 .. 9-4 .. .. .. Q. ,, .... 5 ,, .................. 1-0290 1632 6.90 94%4 THE ANALYST. From this day the milk concerned was not sent out any more. The milk referred to was brought to London by rail from a dist.ance of about seventy-two miles. It had always s quite normal appearance and reaction. Set aside in a cremometer, an extensive and dis- tinot layer of Cream ia thrown up in the short time of half an hour. On microaeopical examination, the fat globules were found to be of larger size than usual. I think it rather am uncommon occurrence that milk throws up the cream 80 quickly, as shown in the preceding case; but as sueh cases may happen, it will be good to keep this point in mind when judging milk samples taken in the street,

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN883080002b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

4 THE ANALYST. SOME ANALYSES OF ASPHALTE PAVINUS. BY C. T. KINQZETT, F.I.C*, F.C.S. Read before ths Society of Public Analysts on Decembsr Mth, 1882. SOME time ago, in the course of professional practice, I had occasion to a n a l p sertain speoimens of asphaltic pavemenh, and, as at that time I failed to find any similar analyses recorded, I think the following particulars will prove of some service to other members of the profession. Methylated alcohol and pure ethylic alcohol do not serve for the purpose of extracting the bituminous constituents of asphalte paving, and msthylated ether and benzene only mve aK pwtial or imperfect solvents. Mineral naphtha serves well, but turpentine answers better. In my analyses, Russian turpentine was employed, The method of analysis was as follows : E a c h sample was &-dried, extracted with enccessive amounts of Rusaian turpentine ; the extracts distilled or evaporated to free the bituminous constituents from the solvent, and the said oonstituents, dried at 100OC.and weighed. The insoluble portion was wmhed with ether, dried, and treated first in the cold and then warmed with dilute hydrochloric acid and the acid solution examined quan- titatively for calcium and magnesium, by precipitating the calcium as oxalate and weighing the reduced lime, and precipitating the magnesium as ammonia phosphate, and weighing aa pyrophosphate ; the portion insoluble in hydroohlorio acid, being washed, dried, ignited and weighed, is expressed in the several analyses as grit. In order to work according to some acceptable standard, and for other reasone which I need not give here, I obtained specimens of Limmer rock asphalte, the mastic as prepared therefrom at the quarries and the paving as made and laid down in this oountry.The analyses made by me Bhowed that these substances were composed as follows :- (1) ROOK Bitumen 13.06 Oltrbonate of &l&m jCaCb',) 84.45 arit .. .. 1-77 10000 Undetermined Gsltter . . 878 (2) (8) .. 17-20 .. 2 0 m MAsm PAVING .. 78-24 .. 63.29 .. 4.56 .. 16-60 .. 001 .. -49 10000 100~00 - P In pasging, I may mention that the mastic is made from the rock by melting it down with a certain proportion of natural bitumen, and that after the arrival of the mastio in this country it is re-melted with a further quantity of bitumen, the requisite amount of grit being then added.The bituminous material used by the Limmer Company is, I am informed, Trinidad pitoh melted with sohiat or rrhale oil.THE ANALYST. li My investigation included a specimen of mother malstio and 8 number of pieces of pavement, and the following analysis will serve to indicate in what respects they differed from the products I have already referred to- (4) HAMPLE or Miwrxu. Bitumen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-46 UaCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.91 Grit ( / h a , & o i . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 MgUO, and Un etermined 44 Paving understood to be made from the Masti0 last desmibed- . . . . . . . . . . - 10000 (6) Bitumen . . . . . . . . . . . . CaCO, . . . . . . . . . . . . m 3 ~ ~ , . . . . . . . . . . . . Grit .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . Other mmples of Paving. (7) OROSSING SAMPIZ. (6) FOOTPATH SAMPLI, Bitumen . . . . 16.82 .. 18'68 CaCO, . . . . 78.22 .. 76.34 Grit . . . . 4.86 .. 6-17 Undetermined . . 1.10 .. 100~00 100.09 - - - .. 17*9i5 .. 68.62 .. 9.68 .. 6.74 .. -20 100.00 - AVIBIIAO~BI. .. .. 17.20 .. .. 7678 .. .. 6.61 .. .. *55 100-04 - Samplers of a further and distinct paving- (10) Bitumen . . . . 19*46 .. 18.22 .. .. 27.98 CaCO, . . . . 87*84 .. 58.96 .. .. 46-90 MgCO, . . . . 1.86 .. 2.17 .. 0 . 8.47 Grit .. 2 0 ~ .. 21.01 .. .. 5242 .. .. - .. .. 428 UnaetemiG. - 10000 100.38 100.00 (9) (8) - 7 - In making the remmke which follow, it will be understood that they are intended to be general ones, and that I leave entirely out of consideration the particular issues that were immediately before me at the time the analyses were made.I was not required to make any special inveetigation concerning the nature of the bituminous portions of the various samples of paving, the analyses of which are reaorded, but, neverthelesa, I formed a etrong opinion that the specimen numbered (5) contained a con- tained a considerable amount of pitch (from gas works), and that the specimens numbered (a), (9), and (10) respectively contained much soft pitch (from gas works). In addition to grit (pure and simple) it ie apparent from the analyses that dolomite or dolomitic limestone had been added to the mastics (whatever their natures) used in making the pavings ( 5 ) and those numbered (8), (9), and (10).I attributed the excessive brittleness of No, (a) to the hard pitch and the dolomite used in making it. The proportion of grit present in No, (5) paving is very low as compared with that present in the Limmer paving. If we calodate from the magnesium aarbonate the quantity of dolomite introduced, and then deduct the carbonate of calcium thus introduced from the tota1 amount of that constituent we Ishall be able to ascertain from the reaidud amount of CaCO, the proportion of Limmer6 THB ANALYBT'. rock asphalte which may be assumed to have been uaed in manufacturing each pavement. Thus 9.53 grms. Mg.CO, would be accompanied in dolomite with 11.34 CaCO,, and 65.52 less 11 34 = 54.18 grms. CaCO,, corresponding to 64-15 grms. of original Limmer rock. Now, then, these details show the pavement No. ( 5 ) to have the following cornpodion- LIIKMEB PAVING ..9.78 Bitumen from Asphalte Rock . . 8-37 . . Bitumen from Rock CaCO, from Asphalte' Rock.. .. 64.18 .. CeCO, from Rook . . . . 63.29 Dolomite introduced . . . . . . 20.87 Grit from Rock . . . . . . 1-13 .. Grit from Rook . . . . . . 1-32 Grit introduced 5.61 Grit introduaed.. 14.18 10020 100*06 ( 5 ) Pitch introduced . . . . 9-58 .. Bhltle Oil & Trinidad Piich .. 10*94 Undetermined matter'irom rock . . -47 . . - . . . . . . 4 4 . . . . .. . . . . - LIMXER PAVING 74.93 Native Asphalte Rock . . . . 64.14 .. Dolomite . . . . . . . . 20.87 .. 000 Grit . . . . . . . . . . 6.61 .. Grit .. 14.18 100*20 100-05 Or (6) Pitch.. . . . . . . . . 9.68 .. Trinidad P&h & Oil 10.98 - - In other words supposing the bituminous matters added in making the two pave- ments to be of equal value for the purpose tmd that it is immaterial whether dolomite and sand stone, OF grit alone be used for binding and giving hardness, then the main differenae in the two pavements here compared, is 10 per cent.in the native asphalte rock employed, in favor of the Limmer paving. Again, taking the analysis of number (8) (with whioh sample (9) is practically identical) end treating the results similarly, we arrive at these estimates :- Bitumen from Asphalte Rock . . . . . . . . 8.69 Soft Pitch added . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.87 UaCO, fromRock . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.64 Dolomite added . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.06 Grit from Rock . . . . . . . . .. . . 1-16 Added Grit .. . . . . . . . . . . . 19.68 Undetermined from 'Rook . . . . . . . . . . -48 Or (8) Asphalte Rock . . . . . . 66.87 Dolomite . . . . . . . . 4.06 Grit . . . . . . . . . . 1968 Soft Pitch . . . . . . . . 10 87 - 100.48 Then as regards number (10) we have :- Bitumen frombsphalte Rook . . SoftPitchadded . . . . . . CaCO, from Rock . . . . . . Dolomite added . . . . . . Grit from Rock . . . . . . Grit added . . . . . . . . Undetermined from Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.48 LIMMER PAVING .. 74.93 .. 000 .. 14.18 .. 1094 100-06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6'46: 11.48 41-79 7*58 087 31.55 .36 100-08 Or (10) Lxxms PAVING. Aerph&lteRoak . . . . 49+47 . . . . . . 74-93 Dolomite . . . . 7.58 . . . .. . 000 Qrit . . . . . . 31-66 . . . . . . 14.18 Soft Pitch . . . . . . 11.48 . . . . . . 10.94 100*08 100.06 - -TEIE ANALY8T. 7 ~ As regards the quantity of aapbalte rock used in these several instances, the analymg Applying the same method of treatment to the mastioa, it will be seen that the Limrner speak for themselvee. mastie is oomposed as follows :- (2) Bitumen from Asphalte nook . . . . . . . . . . 1'2.09 Trinidad Pitch and Shale Oil . . . . . . . . . . 15.11 CaC0, from Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.24 Grit from Rook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.63 AddedQri6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.93 Or 100*66 Undetermined Matter from*bok . . . . . . . . . . $7 - AaphalteRook . . . . . . 92-69 Grit .. . . . . . . 9-91 Trinidad Pit& (eo... . . . . 5-11 100.66 __3 and that the other mastio (No, (4) of my eeriee) aontained- Bitumen from Rook .. . . . . . . . . . . 10.96 Pitoh, &a. added . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.61 CaCO, from Rook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.91 Grit from Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.48 Added Qrit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.91 Undetermined Matter from Rook. . . . . . . . . . 061 Or 100.87 - AsphdteRook . . . . . . 89.95 Grit . . . . . . . . . . 4.91 Pitch . . . . . . . . . . 11-51 100.87 -- Samples (6) and (7) present a comiderable difference in composition to the paving (No. 6) aataally laid, the differenoe being, chiefly, that in place of dolomite ordinary limestone or ohdk has beeu employed in compounding them. The use of pure dolomite affords in iteelf a due to the proportions of the component parts of the products." But the samples (6) and (7) do not afford thia olue.If, however, we assume that the game amount of clsphalte rock was employed in their produotion as in making the paving No. (a), we aalonlate that 100 parta contain :- Asphalte Roak . . . . . . . . . . 64.14 Limestone or ChaG . . . . . . . . . . 22.60 Grit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-58 Pitoh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.83 99.96 - With the foregoing considerations before us, it will be seen that, if now, the cost prices of the items-native asphalte rock, dolomitio or ordinary limeatone, grit, Trinidad pitch, and ordinary pitch be asoertained, it i a easy to arrive at B fairly accurate estimate of the relative money values of the several pavings No. (5) and (8), (9), (lo), and the sample of Limmer paving, which I employed as my standard. Thus :- LXMMER PAVING.PAVIN~ No. (5). PAVING (8), (9), (10). (8) (10) Asphdte Rook . . 74.93 .. 6414 I. 65.87 .. 49-47 Dolomite . . . . 0.00 . b 2087 .. 4.06 .. 7.58 Grit ucled 14.18 6-61 1968 .. tl.55 Trinidad Pi& & &ale Oil 1094 0s; ktoh 958 GCsa%itoh 10.81 . . 11-48 This view would be favourable to a, oontraofor, who, if he used a dolomitia limestone aonteilzing more Clac)O, then pure dolomite, would get the best of my oalouIation.--C. T. X.THE ANALYST. --- 8 By way of general observations I would remark, in conclusion, that what is styled ' grit ' in these analyses was, in the cam of the Limmer paving, composed of very minute pebbles and sand ; in the case of No.( 6 ) , of a dusty siliceous powder ; and in the case of (8), (9), (lo), it was of the same generalnature as that present in Limmer pavement, but not ao uniform in quality and very coarse, The analysis of No. (6) was conducted upon an average of three samples, each of which had been partially analgaed previously with fairly identical results. Numbers (S), (9), (10) were one and the same paving, but taken from different placeg, (8) being the analysis of tha average sample of three portions, (9) being the malysirr of a fourth portion, and (10) being that of a fifth portion. The good quality of Limmer paving is derived from the oomparatively large amouni of natural asphalte rock employed, and that in its turn is valuable, on account of the intimate atate in which the chalk forming the basis of the rock is naturally associated with the bitumen.Then again, the bitumen, (Trinidad pitch) melted with it for producing the mastic, and subsequently for producing the paving, is of the best quality, and is oer- tainly superior, in my opinion, to hard or soft pitch derived from gas works. The grit being only introduced for binding purpose^, I do not ittaoh so much importance to its nature, provided it is of uniform quality and that the proper amount be thoroughly distributed throughout the mam. Practically therefore it comes to this, that a good paving can be made from a proper proportion of asphalte rock and a good quality of pitch well mixed, where&s an inferior paving results when the proportion of asphalte rock is lessened, and common gas pitch employed in oonjunction therewith, making up the deficiency in mineral matter otherwise.Notwithstanding what has gone before I am of the opinion that highly useful and good wearing paving may be obtained at low prices by the skilful admixture of ordinary earthy rocks, such as chalk, with the proper proportion of suitable bituminoue principles. Contractors should be required to deposit samples with their tenders and thee6 should in all cases be analysed beforehand. There might also be constructed a scale according to which the payment to be made for the accepted paving should be 80 much per unit of aephalte rock employed in the making of the paving, in those cases in which it may be stipulated that asphdte rock is to be used. Mr. Hehner inquired if the chalk or carbonate of magnesia had any partioular binding virtue, or was it better than sand. Mr.Xingzett replied that if grit, dolomite and chalk were added respectively to three portions of the same bituminous matter it would be found that the most brittle product was obtained by the use of dolomite, the next from the chalk, and the most elastic from the grit. Mr. Dyer asked whether the turpentine worked easily. fIe had had some samples concerning whioh the use of bidphide of carbon hwd been stipulated for. Mr. Kingzett said the turpentine worked most readily and most satisfaotorily. He was not satisfied with the solvent power of bisulphide of carbon. Mr. Wynter Blyth wondered no mention wiis made of the temperature at which these samples of asphalte paving melted or softened ; he should have thought that was rather an important faotor to obtain in connection with the analyses, Mr, Kingzett said it was not possible to get a definite figure for that temperature-the materials did not admit of obtaining any such result of muoh value.TI33 ANALYST, 9 Mr, Wigoer eaid he quite agreed with Mr.Kingzett that it was impoaaible to obtain such a figure. With reference to the ttnalyees of samples No. 8 (20.8 of grit) and No. 9 (20.01 of grit), judging from some samples he had examined, he should have thought these two pavements would have stood well and worn well. Mr. Kingzett eoinoided with this latter expreasion of opinion generally, but pointed out that hia own commenta were made more particularly with reference to the compositions of the variousr sttmples as sompared with genuine Limmer paving.DETECTION OF MAUENTA, ARCJHIL, AND CUDBEAR IN WINE. THESEJ colours are not suitable for converting white wine into red, but they can be used for giving wines a faint red tint ; for darkening pale red wines, and in making up a factitious bouquet essence which is added to red wines. The most suitable methods for the detection of magenta are those given by Rombi and Falihres-Ritter. If a wine coloured with archil and one coloured with cudbear are treated according to RomBi’s method, the former gives, with basic lead acetate, a blue, and the latter a fine violet preoipitate. The filtrate, if shaken up with amylic alcohol, gives it in either case a red colour. A knowledge of this fact is important, or it may be mistaken for magenta. The behaviour of the amjlic alcohol, thus coloured red, with hydrochloric acid and ammonia is charaoteristic.If the red colour is due to magenta it is destroyed by both these reagents, whilst hydrochloric acid does not decolourize the solutions of archil and cudbear, and ammonia turns their red colour to a purple violet. If the wine is examined according to the Fali&es=Ritter method in presence of magenta, ether, when ahaken up with the wine, previously rendered ammoniacal, remains colourlese, whilst if archil or cudbear is present the ether is coloured red. Wartha has made a convenient modification in the FaliBres-Ritter method by adding ammonia and ether to the concentrated wine while still warm. If the red colour of the wool is due to archil or cudbear it is extracted by hydiochloric acid, which is coloured red.Ammonia turns the colour to la purple violet, Konig mixed 50 C.C. wine with ammonia in slight excess, and places in the mixture about 4 grm. clean white woollen yarn. The whole is then boiled in a flask until all the alcohol and the excess of ammonia are driven off. The wool taken out of the liquid and purified by washing in water and wringing, is moistened in a test-tube with pure potassa lye at 10 per cent. It is earefully heated till the wool is completely dissolved, and the solution, when eold, is mixed fist with half its volume of pure alcohol, upon which is carefully poured the same volume of ether, and the whole is shaken. The stratum of ether decanted off is mixed in a test-tube with a drop of acetic acid. A red colour appears if the slightest trace of magenta is present.The shaking must not be too violent lest an emulsion should be formed. If the wine is coloured with archil, on prolonged heating, after the addition of ammenia, it is decolourized. If it is then let cool and shaken a little, the red colour retnrns. If the wool is taken out of the hot liquid after the red colour has dis- appeared and exposed to the air, it takes a red colour. But if it is quickly taken out of the liquid and at once washed, there remains merely a trace of colour in the wool. If these preoautions are observed, magenta can be distinguished from archil with certainty according o Konig’s method. Ae the ooloaringmlatiter of arrohil is not precipitated by baryta and10 T m ANALYST. magnesia, but changed to a purple, the haryta method recommended by Pasteur, Bdard, and Wurtz, and the magnesia, test, are useless. Nagenta may, in course of time, be removed by the precipitates formed in the wine. It is therefore necessary to test not merely the clear liquid, but the sediment, if any.-Dr. 13. Ham in Budermann’.c Centralblatt. TEE ADULTERATION LAW IN NEW YORK. I’he Sanitary Enginger of New Yorlc statee that the State Board of Health have eommenced prosecutions under the new adulterahion law by oausing the arrest of nine perclons for eelling cream of tartar which wag adulterated with ground gypsum. The complaints were made by Mr. A. I;, Colby, as Inspector, and Dr. E. Gt. Love, as Analyst, for the Board. The acouaed pleaded ‘(not guilty,” but were held in 100 doh bail each for trid at the Court of Speoial Sessions, The adulteration in these casea amounted to from 37 to 92 per oent. of terra alba, or ground gypsum, In every case the accnsed stated that the substaace had been purchased for pure cream of tartar, and he didnot know that it was adulterated.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800004

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

10 TEIE ANALYST. LAW REPORTS. No further part of Bulk must be added to a sample after purchase :- At Worship Street, in a case in which a vendor of milk was summoned by the sanitary ofXoer of Bethnal Green, Mr. Bushby gave a judgment which is of importance to parish of!Ecera and othera appointed inspectors under the Food Adulteration Act.-Blr. Moore, solicitor, appeared for the defendant. -The evidence of the inspector showed that the defendant was vending milk in the street at 2jd. per quart, and that he, the officer, purohased a, pennyworth, which he divided into three parts, one of whioh he gave to the defendant, at the aame time informing him, in the words d the Act, that he purchased it for analysis by the ‘* Public Analyst.” Then he had, apparently because the bottles into which he had divided the milk mere not full, and a larger quantity would afford better opportunity for analyeie, pur.ohased a ha’porth more, and put it into the bottles. The milk was admitted to be ekimmed of its oroam. -Mi. Moore took two objections on the facts.-1. That the inspeotor had not complied with the Aot, because he had not stated, ‘‘ after the purchase was completed ” that he had bought the milk for analyaie by the Publia Analyst, but only stated it after buying the second quantity; and rtecondly, that if the purchase were completed when the one pennyworth was bought and the inspector had then complied with the Act, he had yet departed from the letter of the Aot by adding something to the article purohased. Though, in this instance the something added was part of the same bulk, yet it wag added after the purchase.-Mr.Bushby said there had been several judgments under this Act, and judges had not given the officers appointed under it any latitude as to administering it with laxity, but directed that they must follow it strictly. He decided that the purohase was completed when the pennyworth of milk wa0 bought, and that the inclpector up to that point had complied with the Act ; but the second objection taken by Mr. Moore must hold good, for he (Mr. Bushby) was ot opinion that the words of the Act were expreas, a d that the inspector had no right to add anything-the purohase being completed-even from the bulk of the article. The summons would therefore be dismissed. Mr. Moore asked for oosts. Mr. Bushby refused to grant them, remarking that the defendant was not entitled to a farthing, and might consider himself lucky to escape a conviction.At the Croydolr Petty Sessions, William Sharps, a dairyman, oarrying on business at White Rorse Road, was summoned by an Inspeotor for selling milk containing 50 per cent. of added water. The chairman said a person might just as well put his hand in a man’s pocket and steal hie money 86 sell sdulterated milk. He regretted that s law oould not be made rendering it compulBory for a person guilty of such mean offence to wear a placard on his back notifying the fa& that he had been wn- pioted. @a& a tradesman was anything but raspeotable. Be fined the defend& 40s+ and 9a, oosts.SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS.4 honrs at 800 Fahr. 0014 -067 -104 -097 a130 a72 -095 ,077 *022 -039 -020 a038 *038 so10 -006 -028 ,017 *lo9 0172 =072 *148 I_c - so28 - Analyscs of English Public Water Supplies in December, 1882. A71 results are expressed in GRAINS PER GALLON. I Phosphoric ACld In ?hosphates. none trace none trace trace - 4a $38 !?w 58% %5a s 32-6 23-8 274 20-3 22.1 20 9 21-7 21.0 20-6 23.6 23.6 24.8 5.6 22.1 4.2 31.5 32.8 5*1 18*0 13-2 18.5 17 2 18-9 - - - - OXYOEN, Absorbed m I B d ;a ZE ga VQ 1-98 1.20 1-34 1-30 1-02 1-26 1.40 1.15 1.26 *57 2-40 l.40 .91 4.70 -25 2-40 2.30 -73 2.50 1.90 1-20 1.26 1.75 - - - bEcroscopical Examination of Depo~it. Description of SampIe. - gefore o h g . 7 i mins. Fahr. trace ,018 -026 9054 ,058 *021 -054 -049 ,011 ,028 .008 none -012 -002 *001 ,022 -012 a054 *015 -068 427 -018 bb 8oo - - ANAljPST8.After Oiling. -- #0026 ,0028 -0050 ,0077 -0040 *0066 .0077 *0100 -1- --' I-- -- *0010 -0028 so020 *0014 00012 -0019 *0014 *0007 so021 none 9033 none -0007 ,0033 -0002 - *0023 4007 traces trace *01w none - -- - satisfactory veg. deb., mim., fibres none Kent Co. . . . . . . New River . . . . East London . . Southwark & West Middlesex Grand Junction. Lslnbeth.. . . . . Chelsea . . . . . . vauxhau ..} lee. 13 i p. blue, clear none ,, 29 1 clear yell. I none ,, 13 greenish yell. none a0 00 16.5' L7-Oo 18.00 12-50 14.20 18.00 13.0' 12-60 14%O 13.0° 17.0° 2.5" 8*0° 5-0° 17~5~ 18-00 1-80 11-00 1107~ 13*O0 14~3~ _I_ 12-09 - Wigner & Earland. B. Dyer. Wigner & Earland. J. Muter. 0. Hehner. A. Wynter-Blyth.J. Muter. A. Duprh. A. Hill. F. W. Stoddart. Wigner & Haslrtnd. J. West Knights. F. P. Perkins. H. F. Cheshire. G. T, Stephene. &I. A. Adame. M. A, Adams. W. Thomson. C. M. Blades. w* G. Crook. W. J. Sykes. A. P. Smith. W. E. Porter. none none none none none ,, 16 Igrnsh. yell. & c. trace I -32 I -11 *17 a 2 0 *09 033 -37 *SO el4 none *57 -58 none 097 010 *23 ,009 *21 - none trace trace trace none none trace trace trace none trace trace none trace trace h. trace trace I none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none Birmingham .. Bristol. . . . . . . . Brighton.. . . , . Cambridge . . . . Exeter . . . , . . . , Hastings and Hereford . . . . . . Maidst one - Wtr. Company Public Conduit Mancheater . . Northwmh . . . . Norwich .. . , . . Portemouth .. Rugby . . . . . . . . Worcester . . . , st. Leonards} c. greenish none algs, sand peg. debris, anim. satisfactory none satid mtory satisfactory -002c -0022 *001E 0049 -0035 .oo1e *0023 *0031 -0057 -001E *010( .005f .015( -007t - c. pale blue f. b. yellow greenish c. white pale green p. grnsh. blue 8. turb., f. yell. greenish yell. p. green yell. clear f. turb. pale yell. no fungus or rtnim. life veg. deb., diatoms veg. matter veg. deb., anim. veg. deb. Abbrevistxone:-u., dear; f., faint; h., htwy; p., pale; Y. h,, very heavy; v.s., very slight.12 THE ANALYST . ___--.._ __ ... .._-.._--.. ... .-_- .... -.___ ... I_____-r RECENT CHEMICAL PATENTS . The following specifications have been recently published. and can be obtained from the Great Seal Office.Cursitor Street. Chancery Lane. London . NO 1882 1715 1762 1763 1803 1626 1866 1867 1875 1884 1895 1901 1909 1915 1919 1940 1946 1956 1999 2014 2020 '1028 2037 '1068 2072 dl10 2136 2144 2186 2193 2213 Y233 '1239 3245 2263 2286 8288 23-18 2370 2391 2409 8435 2432 2449 2559 3046 3796 4094 Name of Patentee . Title of Patent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . Brocltie W . Weldon A . R . Leask . . . . . . A . S . Church F M Lyte A . B . Brown .. .. Electric Arc Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . TV . R . Lake .. . . . . Separating Metals and Metalloids from their Ores . . . . I? . M . Justice . . . . Electric Lighting and Incandescent Lamps . . . . . . A . R . Beunett . . . . Voltaic Batteiies . . . . . . . . .. . . . . T . Dence & J . J . Masou W . T . Whiteman . . . . Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . Lea . . . . . . Electric Arc Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . W . R . Lake Crystallized Hydroohlorate of Alumina C . V . Boys . . . . . . Secondary Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . T . J . Handfoid . . . . Electric Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . B . Rogers . . . . . . Accumulating and Storing Electric Currents J . T . Armstrong . . . . Treating Rice for Manufacture of Starch . . . . . . J . C . Asteii Obtaining Electric Light . . . . . . . . . . . . W . R . Lake . . . . . . Nanufacture of Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . A . L . Jousselin T . J . Hmdford . . . . Electric Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S . Pitt . . . . . . 3fanufacture of Carbonate of Soda by Ammonia .. . . J . Rapieff . . . . . . Incandescent Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . J . H . Johnson . . . . Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric Arc Lamps hfanufacture of Sulplluric Acid Rlanufacturing Incandescent Lamps Electric Lamps Ditto . . . . . . IVlanufacture of Sulphides of Soda and Potaseiuni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purification and Refining of Raw Spirits D*z'$!!!g&& } . . . Secondary Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rfanufacture of Extract or Essence of Malt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacture of Electric Incandescent Lights in the Vacuum C . H . Cathcurt dl- 6.'B. Cole Secondary Battery . . . . . . . . . .. . . . H . Lea . . . . . . Incauclescent Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . W . Brookes . . . . Manufacture of Nitrosulphuric Acid . . . . . . . . A . M . Clark . . . . Unhairing Hides and Skins . . . . . . . . . . J . &I . Stuart . . . . Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C . Scheibler . . . . Separating Sugar from Molasses and Syrups . . . . . . T . Varley 8 H . B . Greenwood Apparatus for Measuring Electrrc Currents A . Tribe . . . . . . Secondary Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . R . Kennedy . . . . Electmc Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E . L . Voice . . . . . . Ditto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S . H . Eznmens . . . . Incandescent Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . J . Brockie . . . . . . Electric Arc Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . J . Pitkin .. . . . . Secondary Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . H . H . Lake . . . . Electric Accumulators or Secondary Batteries . . . . . . 3- J* Barrier cy: ! .. Incandescent Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . C G Andre Ditto. Ditto . . . . . . . . . . . F . H . Allan . . . . Treating Spent Lyes of Soap Works . . . . . . . . R . K . Brandon . . . . Treatment of Fatty Substances . . . . . . . . . . I3 . Barker . . . . . . Abstracting Gold and Silver from their Ores . . . . . . W . R . Lake . . . . Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W . R . Lake . . . . Urtnufactiire of ,Starch. Grape Sugar. &c . . . . . . . . . . . . . De Lavernade ,I . . . . . . Price 6d. 4d. 6d. 6d. 6d. 6d. 4d. 6d. 4d. 4d. 6d. 6d. 4d. 6d. 6d. 2d. 2d . 4d. 6d. 4d. 6d. 6d. 4d. 4d. 4d. 6d. 4d. 2d. 6d. Gd . 8d. 6d. ad . 6d. 6d. 2d. 6d. 6d. 6d. 10d. 4a . 4a . 8a. 4a. 2a. 4a. ad . BOOKS. Rso., RECEIVED . The Chemist aiid Druggist ; The Brewers' Guarhan ; The British Bledical Journal ; The Medical Press ; The Pharmaceutical Journal ; The Sanitary Record ; The Niller ; Journal of Applied Science ; The Provisioner ; The Practitiorier ; Xew Remedies ; Proceedings of the American Chemical Society ; Lc Practicieu ; The Inventors' Record ; New York Public Health ; The Scientific American ; Society of Arts Journal; Sanitary Engineer of New Pork; The Chemists' Journal; Weekly Drug News; Sugm Cane ; Country Brewers' Gazette ; The Medical Record ; The Canada Lancet ; Gas and Water Engineering ; The Grocers' Gazette ; Columbia School of Mines Quarterly Xagazine London Water Supply. by Crookes. Odling and Tidy ; Chemical Review ; Bi.en-er. Distiller. and Wine Manufacturer (Churchills) .

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800010

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC