摘要:

Traps baited with binary blends of (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate and the (E,Z)-isomer in ratios from 98:2 to 92:8 captured more male peachtree borer moths than did traps baited with other blends of these isomers. When the (E,Z)-isomer constituted more than 10% of the blend, trap capture was reduced significantly. Traps baited with binary blends of (Z,Z)-isomer and a minor amount of either (Z,E)- or (E,E)-isomer failed to catch males. When (Z,E)-isomer was added to (Z,Z)- and (E,Z)- isomers in trap baits, traps were most attractive when the ratio of the latter 2 isomers was 98:2, 96:4, and 94:6.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.1

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Saturn Yellow was important in orienting and attracting boll weevils,Anthonomus grandisBoheman, to baited and unbaited traps at a distance of 2 m or less; moderately important at distances up to 6 or 7 m; and not important at greater distances. When boll weevils were given a choice between 2 colors of traps in the same circle, the average number of responding marked females was the same (28%) regardless of whether the red traps were baited and the yellow traps unbaited or whether grandlure was in all traps. However, untreated (no pheromone) Saturn Yellow traps spaced 8 m apart caught only 4.4% of released female boll weevils.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.4

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Small plots of cotton and pheromone traps were used to study the emergence profile of overwintered boll weevils,Anthonomus grandisBoheman, and their entry into cotton. Boll weevil movement into cotton was closely related to the phenology of the plant. Very few overwintered weevils entered presquaring cotton but immigration increased with increasing size and number of squares.Results of this study indicate that overwintered weevil colonization is not a result of random entry into cotton followed by pheromone production. Rather, overwintered weevil immigration into cotton appears to be a positive response to squaring cotton, with attraction greatly intensified by pheromone production after weevils feed on squares.Overwintered weevil response to pheromone traps appeared to provide a relatively accurate index of population size and activity. In the study area pheromone traps indicated that the major portion of the overwintered population was active several weeks before weevil colonization occurred in cotton. These data indicated that ca. the last 10% of boll weevils emerging from overwintering habitat contributed the major portion of the population that entered cotton.The relationship between the number of weevils responding to pheromone traps and the number entering the cotton plots indicates that pheromone traps can be used to predict the degree of overwintered boll weevil infestation which will occur in cotton.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.7

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The effect of several constant temperatures on the ability ofCompsilura concinnata(Meigen) to increase in numbers was studied in the laboratory for the purpose of maximizing production in a mass-rearing program. Successful development from 1st-stage larva to adult occurred within a temperature range of 15.6°–29.4°C. At 32.2°C, the highest temperature tested, adult flies failed to emerge. Percent parasitism and adult emergence were greatest between 15.6° and 23.9°C. Mean number of puparia/host was highest in larvae exposed between 18.3° and 26.7°C. Both larval and pupal development time varied inversely with temperature within the range of 15.6°–26.7°C. Longevity and duration of both prelarviposition and larviposition were inversely related to temperature. Production of puparia from individual females was variable. Males were capable of multiple mating and effectively fertilized as many as 6 ♀.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.15

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Male attractancy of virgin, sterile-mated, and normal matedHeliothis virescens(F.) and backcross (BC) females was compared by using sex pheromone traps. The number of males caught indicated that BC females were competitive with normal (laboratory-reared)H. virescensfemales in attractingH. virescensmales from the natural population.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.19

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Effects of granular formulations of chlorpyrifos, temephos, and diflubenzuron on nontarget invertebrates in 2 residential-recreational lakes were studied during June, 1976–Jan., 1977. Chlorpyrifos at 0.22 kg (.0074 ppm) AI/ha in partial areas (fingers) of one lake, and at 0.14 kg (.003 ppm) AI/ha in the other entire lake was evaluated. Temephos at 0.28 kg (.0092 ppm) AI/ha in the fingers, and at 0.17 kg (.0042 ppm) AI/ha in main areas of the same lake was tested. Diflubenzuron at 0.11 kg (.0037 ppm) and at 0.22 kg (.0074 ppm) AI/ha was applied to the fingers only.All 3 chemicals reduced populations ofDaphnia pulexLeydig andDaphnia galeataSars from the fingers but they recovered within 1–3 wk.Bosmina longirostris(O. F. Muller) was susceptible to temephos and chlorpyrifos but tolerated diflubenzuron.Cyclopssp. was affected by temephos only.Diaptomusspp. were affected by diflubenzuron, slightly at the lower and severely at the higher rate, recovering within 2 wk.Cyprinotussp., tolerant to temephos, was reduced by chlorpyrifos, 60–90% in the fingers, and up to 80% in the main lake, recovering in 1–4 wk.Cyprinotussp. also was affected by diflubenzuron at 0.22 kg AI/ha.Hyalella azteca(Saussure), tolerant to temephos, was markedly reduced by chlorpyrifos as well as diflubenzuron for several wk. Oligochaetes (mostly Naididae) were not affected by any treatment employed during this study. The impact on nontarget organisms was much more severe and longer lasting when most or the entire habitat was treated as compared to partial treatments in semi-isolated fingers.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.21

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

One known means of dispersal of the citrus blackfly,Aleurocanthus woglumiAshby, and its parasite,Amitus hesperidumSilv., is by survival of immature stages on excised leaves. Under screenhouse conditions, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the citrus blackfly on excised leaves all died before completing development. No significant difference was found in the adult emergence from 4th instars on different host plants tested, or with fruit still attached to sweet orange leaves, the average emergence being only one percent. In contrast, 4th instars stored at high humidity had a significantly greater adult emergence (19%). Of the various cool storage conditions tested,A. hesperidumon excised leaves could be safely stored at 10°C for at least 4 weeks, resulting in delayed adult emergence and no significant loss of viability.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.28

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Candidate mating inhibitors for 3 lepidopterous cotton pests were screened out of 90 synthetic pheromone-like compounds, using the electroantennogram recording technique. (E)- and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol formate and (Z)-3-dodecen-1-ol formate, were most stimulatory to maleEarias insulanaBoisduval, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and (Z)-11-hexadecenal were most stimulatory toHeliothis armigera(Hübner) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate was, next to the natural pheromone (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate, most stimulatory toSpodoptera littoralisBoisduval. In field tests (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, released from virgin female baited traps, were equally effective in inhibiting male capture in all 3 species.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.31

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The fecundity, longevity, and daily ovipositional rate ofBathyplectes curculionis(Thomson), an endoparasite of larvae of the alfalfa weevil,Hypera postica(Gyllenhal), were determined at constant 21.1°C and fluctuating 6.7°/18.3° temperatures, while a 12:12-h photophase:scotophase was maintained under both regimes. The daily ovipositional rate was higher, but the longevity significantly lower (P0.10) between the 2 temperature regimes. Under both temperature regimes, the distribution pattern of the parasite eggs among the host larvae conformed to the Poisson, or random, distribution in ca. 90% of the 182 data sets examined. These and other characteristics ofB. curculionisare discussed and compared with those ofB. anurus.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.36

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In tests with isomeric mixtures, a 60:40 Z,E:E,E isomer ratio produced the highest mean catch of males. However, Z,E:E,E ratios of 90:10 to 30:70 also registered good catches, indicating that the active Z,E isomer of TDDA is synergized by adding (E,E)-TDDA. In trials of preservatives, traps baited with the attractant containing UOP-688/(Z,E)-TDDA at a 10:1 ratio caught significantly more carpenterworm moths than any other preservative/attractant combination. Sustane-6/(Z,E)-TDDA at a 20:1 ratio was 2nd best in capturing males and ratios from 10:1 to 100:1 also performed well in both degree of attractancy and longevity. Trioctanoin and olive oil performed poorly as preservatives.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/7.1.39

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP