摘要:

Three colors of fluorescent sex-lure traps, orange, green, and tangcrine, and a highly reflective white, significantly increased the catch of maleHeliothis virescens(F.) moths compared with unpainted traps. Males were captured most frequently in traps painted fluorescent green. Monocolored traps (orange or green) were more efficient than multicolored (orange-white-green) traps when each type was compared with unpainted (white) traps.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.48

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Use of liquid insecticide formulations or addition of oily materials to spray mixtures improves safety to honey bees,Apis melliferaL. Apparently this effect was caused by greater sorption of the liquid materials on the plant surface tissues as compared with powder materials. Bees did not pick up the residues left by oily mixtures as readily as they did powders. Plastic and latex-resin additives also acted as safeners for insecticidal sprays. This was probably due to a “locking in” or coating effect which reduced the contact of bees with the insecticidal residues. Differential kill of phytophagous insects versus beneficial pollinators and predators can be achieved through use of spray additives.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.51

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Polistes exclamans arizonensisSnelling was successfully overwintered in a cage provided with stacks of cardboard interspersed with spacers. When the wasps emerged in the spring they readily nested in a 1.2×1.8×1.2-m shelter with screen on 3 sides. The wasps were fed 4th- to 6th-stage larvae of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens(F.), and provided with kraft paper torn into small bits for nesting material. A mean of 5.3 budworm larvae was rcquired for nutrition of each wasp.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.55

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In Southeastern Missouri, 66 oaks,Quercusspp., infected with the oak wilt fungus,Ceratocystis fagacearum(Bretz) Hunt, were girdled, felled, or left untreated. Effects of these treatments on attacks by oak bark beetles,Pseudopityophthorusspp., were determined. All trees were attacked by bark beetles. The beetles made brood galleries in 41 of 44 girdled and felled wilt trees but made them in only 11 of 22 untreated wilt trees.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.57

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A survey in 5 geographic blocks of North Carolina indicated that an average of 24% of the brood ofDendroctonus frontalisZimmerman had been parasitized and preyed upon by zoological agents. The effeet of these agents was assessed and compared during 3 years, in 3 attack stages on the tree, in 3 tree species, and in 3 sections of the tree. The more effective predatory agents were woodpeckers, the cleridThanasimus dubius(F.), and an anthocorid,Scoloposcelis mississippensisDrake&Harris. Of several parasites,Roptrocerus xylophagorumRatzeburg andColeoides pissodesAshmead contributed most to total mortality.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.58

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Studies conducted in the vineyards of central California by using blacklight traps indicated 3 moth-catch peaks of the omnivorous leafroller,Platynota stultanaWalshingham, during 1969 and 5 during 1970. Perhaps 1 or more flights were missed during 1969, because the study was discontinued earlier. There were 3 moth-catch peaks of the grape leaffolder,Desmia funeralis(Hübner), during both 1969 and 1970, which fact indicated the possibility of 3 distinct generations of this insect. About 85% of the omnivorous leafroller and 75% of the grape leaffolder trapped were males.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.65

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In most northern regions,Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas) overwinters only in the egg stage on roses. However, in eastern Washington, the aphid also overwinters as viviparae on winter-hardy weeds and crops. The dispersal of winged forms of the aphid in November and January and the establishment of aphid colonies on fallgerminated weeds was of particular interest.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.68

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A magnetic recapture system was used to determine the foraging range and distribution of bees from 389 hives in 29 apiaries (area about 12 km in diameter) to adjacent fields of carrots and onions grown for seed production. Bees from hives around the field perimeters showed intensive, localized foraging activity near their hives (mean flight distance = 266 m). Species diversity requirements were indicated when subpopulations bypassed profitable foraging areas and foraged on different crops at greater distances.Significant bee populations were attracted from distant apiaries, e.g., 3700 m. The mean flight distance to carrots (1663 m) indicated a greater attraction than for onions to bees from distant apiaries (557 m). The frequencies of pollen foragers were 7 and 66% for onions and carrots, respectively. Nectar sugar concentration was similar (ca 37%) for carrots and onions. Strategies are discussed for enhancing the isolation of nearby fields when interfield pollination is undesirable. Concepts are discussed concerning (a) differential flight range for pollen vs. nectar collectors, and (b) determination of relative plant attraction to honey bees.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.71

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Rise and decline in populations ofNeodiprion pratti(Dyar) have been attributed most frequently to the influence of natural control factors. However, data obtained from 1963 through 1970 indicate that population densities are due to the sex attractiveness of the female sawfly. It was shown that the female emits a potent sex pheromone which was apparently necessary for mating. Unmated females oviposited only 17% of their egg potential, whereas mated females oviposited more than 90% of their total egg complement. Severe tree defoliation occurred when more than 50% of the females mated.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.78

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii(Cockerell) was studied to determine the factors regulating its populations. Fertilizers, irrigation, defoliation to stimulate production of new leaves, and removal of blossoms had only temporary effects or none on populations. Aphid populations were much larger on plants covered by cages in the field, indicating that predators were an important controlling factor. However, parasitized aphids were never found. Populations became even larger in an unheated greenhouse and remained large through the winter, even at subfreezing temperatures, whereas populations became low in field cages. Wind and rain probably are detrimental to the aphids. The field population always declined in the late summer, even in cages. Analysis of strawberry foliage showed that populations of this aphid tend to correlate with the concentration of nonreducing sugars (probably mostly sucrose). Decline in nutritional value of the leaves coupled with increasing predator populations are probably the prime reasons for the rapid drop in population size in mid- to late summer each year.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.1.81

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP