摘要:

A cyclic spiral arrangement of the elements is discussed. This arrangement is best considered as the vertical projection of a solid model, somewhat conical in form. The planar arrangement is modified from the plan of the solid model only as necessary to clarify the presentation.Considered chemically this arrangement has the advantage of separating each type of element without ambiguity, and the rare earths and 'VIII groups' are also accommodated as an integral and significant part of the orderly development of the table. TheAandBgrouping is also eliminated.The opposing nature of the electropositive and electronegative elements is clearly shown, and the various broad classes of elements are closely grouped, e.g., the active: inactive metals; elements forming predominantly inorganic groupings: elements readily forming organic compounds; the acid forming elements; the various analytical groups, etc.The table also requires a minimum of artificial arrangement and utilizes a definite scale in both the planar and solid model.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-023

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The equilibrium data of the systems: picramide – 2,4-dinitrophenol and picric acid – picramide, have been obtained. The ternary eutectic of the system picric acid – picramide – dinitrophenol has also been obtained. Because of the low crystallization velocity of picramide, it appears that the problem of finding a picric acid mixture of the nature of Shellite, i.e., one containing picric acid and dinitrophenol, which should crystallize only slowly at room temperature, so that the cavity produced by contraction should be accessible to refilling and not cause cavitation, is solved by the use of a Shellite mixture of the following composition: 53.0% picric acid, 41.0% dinitrophenol, 6.0% picramide; this mixture melts at 77 °C.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-024

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The eutectic temperature and composition were determined by thermal analysis for the systems: TNT–RDX, TNT–NENO, and DNB–NENO. The velocity of crystallization of pure RDX, as well as of the eutectic mixture of TNT–RDX, was studied. Density determinations were made on the pure materials, TNT, RDX, NENO, and DNB, as well as on the eutectic mixtures mentioned above. Where possible, the densities of both molten and solid forms were determined, and the contraction on solidification calculated. An attempt was made to establish the existence of a transition point in the allotropic transformations of NENO. The attempt failed, possibly because the allotropy is monotropic: there seems no reason to doubt the existence of allotropic modifications of NENO.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-025

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The densities and refractive indices (Nc) of binary and ternary mixtures of benzene, ethyl alcohol, and carbon tetrachloride have been determined at 25 °C. From these data, a method for the analysis of ternary liquid mixtures of these components has been developed. The limit of accuracy in the analysis of ternary mixtures of the pure components is 0.3%. The method can be applied to the analysis of commercial materials with an accuracy of 2.0%.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-026

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

At 30 °C. silver oxide reacts with an aqueous solution of chromium trioxide to form the normal silver chromate, Ag2CrO4, and a limited series of solid solutions of silver chromate in silver dichromate (Ag2Cr2O7). The range of solid solubility is approximately 2% in terms of chromium trioxide, and extends from pure silver dichromate towards silver chromate. Both chromates of silver are sparingly soluble in water. No other chromates of silver were found to exist as solid phases at this temperature.An examination of the system copper oxide – chromium trioxide – water shows that four chromates of copper can form at 30 °C. They are: (i) copper dichromate, CuCr2O7∙2H2O, (ii) anhydrous normal copper chromate, CuCrO4, (iii) a simple basic chromate, CuCrO4∙Cu(OH)2, and (iv) a 2:3 basic chromate, 2CuCrO4∙3Cu(OH)2∙H2O.These chromates separate from solution in the above order as the chromate concentration is decreased, chromium trioxide itself being the initial solid phase. All four chromates are decomposed (partially) by water.The solubility curves and ranges of existence have been established in most cases. Copper "dichromate has a narrow range of existence, the normal chromate a relatively wide one. In part of this range, however, the chromate is in a metastable state, since it is in equilibrium with solutions that are supersaturated with respect to the simple basic c

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-027

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A critical study has been made of the various observations necessary for the determination of the size of small dielectric particles by the Debye–Einstein equation, which can take the form:The turbidity measurements were made with a Beckman spectrophotometer and those of refractive index with a Zeiss dipping refractometer. This article deals especially with the determination of the turbidity and refractive index gradients. The method was applied to the determination of latex particle size and gave results in good agreement with independent methods.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-028

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Pyrolysis of the vapour of the cyclic methyl ethyl ketal ofl-2,3-butanediol gives butanone as the chief product. Catalysts such as alumina or phosphoric anhydride greatly accelerate this reaction, while catalytic nickel has little effect. It was found necessary to have alkyl or aryl radicals substituted on the 1,3-dioxa-cyclopentane ring to obtain a rapid reaction. The molecule always splits symmetrically with respect to oxygen, and yields up to 90% conversion per single pass were obtained at moderate flow rates with rings substituted in the 2-, 4-, and 5-positions. The compounds tested were the formal, acetal, benzal, 2-ethylhexal, dimethyl ketal, and methyl ethyl ketal ofl-2,3-butanediol and then-butyral of ethanediol.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-029

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Cyanogen and butadiene have been found to react. The main product of the reaction was identified as 2-cyanopyridine. Some 2,2′-dipyridyl and a number of unidentified compounds were also found present in the product in small yields. No evidence for the presence of β-hydromucononitrile could be found. The reaction has been studied at atmospheric pressure in the vapour phase, and in ether solution, and at superatmospheric pressures in steel or glass bombs. In all cases the course of the reaction was essentially the same, 2-cyanopyridine being the main product. The formation of 2-cyanopyridine from butadiene and cyanogen is formulated as a Diels–Alder synthesis, in which the primary adduct undergoes a dehydrogenation to yield the final product. This is the first time to our knowledge that cyanogen has been reported as a dienophile in the diene synthesis.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-030

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

In a previous paper, it was shown that cyanogen could be reacted with butadiene to give 2-cyanopyridine as the main reaction product. It was postulated that the reaction occurred through a Diels–Alder type of mechanism, with spontaneous dehydrogenation of the primary adduct. The present investigation has extended this study to the reaction of cyanogen with (i) isoprene, (ii) chloroprene, (iii) 2-methylpentadiene, and (iv) hexachlorobutadiene. The results are consistent with the mechanism postulated in the earlier paper.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-031

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A detailed description is given of a laboratory method for the preparation of cyanogen chloride. The method involves the action of chlorine on a solution of zinc sulphate and sodium cyanide, the reaction being carried out under carefully controlled conditions. The procedure described has been found to give a pure product in yields close to 70% of the theoretical.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-032

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC