摘要:

Influenza A and B viruses in allantoic fluid can be adsorbed by certain grades of diatomaceous earths usually employed as filter aids, there being a marked degree of correlation between the 'flow rate' of the earths and their ability to adsorb the virus. Of the clays, kaolin and fuller's earth are similarly able to adsorb the virus as are certain varieties of charcoal. Elution of the adsorbed virus is also possible provided a protein-containing solution such as broth, serum, or isinglass be employed, the highest yield being obtained with virus adsorbed on silica earths and eluted with isinglass solution.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47e-007

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The authors present observations on nutritional disturbances that they made on Canadian troops over a period of 44 months, during which time they were prisoners of war in the hands of the Japanese. The presentation is made against a background of dietary intake, energy output, and intercurrent infection. The chronological sequence of the development of signs and symptoms is shown. The impression of the authors as to the specific deficiency involved in each of these is indicated, where such an impression exists. The effect of dietary deficiency upon the various systems is shown, and a composite picture of the deficiency syndrome is presented, with remarks upon various aspects of it. The response to minimal treatment is described.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47e-008

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The effect of the administration of dog serum, isinglass, and of glucose, certain salts, adrenal cortical hormones, and of water on dogs subject to severe muscle trauma has been investigated. Isinglass was found to be as efficient an agent as dog serum in restoring the blood pressure and in prolonging life. The effectiveness of transfusion was not increased by giving amounts in excess of 45% of the calculated blood volume nor by prolonging the transfusion from one-half to three and a half hours. Intravenous injection of hypertonic saline before transfusion with a blood substitute raised the blood pressure but did not lengthen survival, and pulmonary oedema was more frequently observed in dogs so treated. The addition of glucose to the blood substitute produced neither permanent benefit nor ill effect. Some of the animals died despite high blood sugar levels resulting from the infusion of glucose. The addition of sodium bicarbonate and calcium gluconate to the transfusion fluid, singly or in combination, did not affect the blood pressure or survival. The ingestion of large quantities of water by mouth after transfusion increased the average duration of life and improved the chance of indefinite survival. The most important single criterion as to whether a traumatized dog would survive indefinitely following transfusion was the level of blood pressure at the time transfusion was given. Indefinite survival of dogs transfused after the blood pressure had fallen below 70% of the initial pressure was exceptional. Those treated before the pressure had fallen so low had an even chance of survival. The administration of adrenal cortical hormones in relatively large amounts had no apparent effect in prolonging life in dogs transfused after the blood pressure had fallen to less than 60% of the initial level. Of eight dogs transfused when the blood pressure was between 60 and 70% of the initial pressure and then treated with carbohydrate-active preparations of the adrenal cortex, four survived indefinitely. None of the control animals with the same blood pressure range survived when treated by transfusion alone. The finding that dogs subject to muscle trauma are clinically sicker and less likely to survive at blood pressure levels successfully endured by bled dogs is discussed. The importance of the impaired blood flow in splanchnic viscera is considered in relation to metabolic changes. Changes in the urine of these dogs are described, and it is concluded that suppression of renal excretory function did not contribute significantly to death following trauma. Impairment of the renal pressor mechanism is considered to be a possible cause of the cardiovascular failure, probably in conjunction with impaired function of the adrenal cortex and toxic substances released from damaged tissues.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47e-009

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The R.C.A.M.C. Electromyograph Mark III is an apparatus developed under the auspices of the National Research Council of Canada during the war for the study of casualties with peripheral nerve injuries. It was used principally to study the electrical activity of muscles as a sensitive test of their nerve supply and general condition with regards to atrophy, etc. It is now being used not only in the diagnosis and to follow the recovery of nerve injuries, but for the study of muscle activity in various neuromuscular diseases, including poliomyelitis.The electromyograph consists of (a) a high gain, low noise level, wide range calibrated, balanced, push–pull pre-amplifier, with built-in calibrator, (b) a cathode ray oscilloscope unit with photographic attachment, and incorporating a nerve and muscle stimulator of variable intensity and duration, and (c) a mobile loud speaker cabinet including the speaker power amplifier, battery, and battery charger.Action potentials from single muscle fibres, or groups of fibres known as the motor unit, are picked up by means of a small finely pointed needle electrode, insulated except at the very tip, thrust through the skin into the muscle. A reference electrode is placed on the skin next to the point of insertion of the needle and a distant grounded electrode is placed on the subject to aid in the elimination of stray electrical interference. Action potentials are then amplified through four stages of condenser coupled amplification. They are then of sufficient magnitude to be clearly observed or photographed on the calibrated screen of the cathode ray oscilloscope, which makes possible accurate measurement of each potential wave, both in voltage and duration. The sound of the muscle action potentials may be simultaneously heard in the loud speaker. With training, diagnosis of muscle conditions may be greatly aided by certain characteristic sounds produced by different kinds of muscle activity.For example, a denervated muscle gives rise, from single muscle fibres, to continuous low voltage random 'spikes' that produce in the loud speaker a 'crackling' sound recognized as fibrillation. At rest the normal muscle is electrically silent. It gives rise during contraction to action potentials that are much higher and of longer duration. They produce in the loud speaker a knocking sound recognized as a motor unit discharge. During recovery from a nerve injury, and in certain degenerative conditions, the motor unit becomes poorly synchronized or disintegrated producing very complex wave forms that produce a distinctive 'chugging' sound.The electrical stimulator, which is synchronized with the trace of the oscilloscope, makes it possible to test the responsiveness of single muscles to different forms of electrical current as well as to record the electrical activity of a given muscle in response to stimulation of its motor nerve at a distance. By the use of the same equipment, the nerve impulse can also be followed in its course down the nerve fibre.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47e-010

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC