摘要:

levo-2,3-Butanediol reacts spontaneously with thionyl chloride to give good yields of its cyclic sulphite (b.p. 177° to 178 °C.). This ester is optically activeand can be hydrolyzed by dilute hydrochloric acid to purelevo-2,3-butanediol and sulphurous acid. The cyclic sulphite ofmeso-2,3-butanediol (b.p. 188° to 189 °C.) was also prepared.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-058

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Mixtures of methane and oxygen with some nitrogen were passed over catalysts of copper, silver, zinc, nickel, and Monel metal and the yields of methanol and other liquid products determined. The conditions of temperature, pressure, and rate of flow that were known to be best for a copper catalyst were used. Nickel and Monel metal appear to offer most promise. A massive form of catalyst appears to be better than a catalyst in the form of fine wire gauze for the maximum yield of liquid products.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-059

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The individual adsorption capacities of over 500 granules of 6 to 10 mesh activated cocoanut-shell charcoal were determined by weighing each piece separately on a microbalance before and after saturation with carbon tetrachloride vapor. The particle capacities were found to be distributed over a probability curve represented by the equationSmall particles adsorb more carbon tetrachloride than large ones and dense particles more than those of lesser density.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-060

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

In the condensation of chloral and chlorobenzene in sulphuric acid to yield DDT, the yield of DDT is increased and the rate of formation of DDT decreased by (1) decreased sulphuric acid concentration, (2) decreased molar amount of sulphuric acid, and (3) lowered temperatures. Reversible sulphonation of chlorobenzene is the major side reaction; the presence of 4-chlorobenzene-sulphonic acid reduces the extent of this reaction. Increased yields (based on chloral) can be obtained by using excess chlorobenzene. A mechanism is proposed involving 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol, which has been isolated from the reaction, and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-tricholorethyl bisulphate, whose barium salt reacts with chlorobenzene in sulphuric acid to give DDT.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-061

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

It is shown that the reaction of formaldehyde with an ammonium salt to form hexamine is general. The rate of formation and the final yield of hexamine vary greatly with the different ammonium salts, being greater in the solutions of higher pH. When buffered at given pH, the various ammonium salts give approximately the same rates of formation and final yields of hexamine. Rate curves have been determined for the reaction of formaldehyde with ammonium nitrate in aqueous solutions buffered at pH 8.0, 6.0, and 4.0, at temperatures of 0°, 20°, and 40 °C. and over a range of initial mole ratios (formaldehyde: ammonium nitrate) of 0.75 to 3.0. For each set of conditions, three rate curves have been obtained on the basis of ammonia consumed, formaldehyde consumed, and material precipitated with mercuric chloride. In excess formaldehyde, it appears that a stable by-product is formed; its formation increases as the temperature is increased. In excess ammonium nitrate, by-product formation is decreased. A mechanism of hexamine formation is suggested in accordance with the data.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-062

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Since the sassafras tree yields oils which are rich in safrole, it might be expected that the lignin from the wood would contain the piperonyl nucleus. This lignin was extracted from the wood with hot acetic acid and was found to resemble lignins from other deciduous woods in methoxyl content and solubility. It did contain much combined carbohydrate which seemed to be pectic in nature, since it was removed by boiling formic acid with evolution of carbon dioxide and formation of furfural. No piperonylic acid could be isolated from these lignin fractions by alkaline permanganate or hydrogen peroxide oxidations. Sassafras ligninsulphonic acid was prepared and then distilled with alkali but no piperonal was found in the distillate. According to these criteria, sassafras lignin contains none of the methylenedioxy linkage characteristic of the piperonyl nucleus.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-063

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A solution of chlorinated lysine develops a blue color when heated with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid. This color reaction, which will detect lysine at a concentration of 1 p.p.m., has been made the basis of a sensitive and rapid colorimetric method for the determination of lysine. Lysine and arginine are quantitatively separated from the other amino acids in a protein hydrolysate by adsorption on Decalso and the lysine content of the eluate is determined in the presence of arginine (which does not give the color reaction) by applying the color reaction after chlorination. Satisfactory recoveries of added lysine have been obtained from mixtures of amino acids and from a gelatin hydrolysate. The lysine content of several proteins has been determined and the results compared with those in the literature. In general the values obtained by the colorimetric method are intermediate between those obtained by isolation procedures and those by microbiological methods. The result of a determination on crystalline bovine serum albumin checked closely with the value obtained by the isotope dilution method.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-064

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The minimum explosion temperatures for service and dextrin azides (about 315 °C. and 275 °C., respectively) are increased considerably by increase of surface: volume ratio of the container and by compressing or wetting the charge with dibutyl phthalate before explosion. When wetted, the two azides were found to be similar in respect of minimum explosion temperatures and induction periods prior to explosion. Sensitization of service azide by preheating was found to be permanent. A limit to sensitization below the minimum explosion temperature was observed, and probably exists also for sensitization above this temperature. Wetting the charge with phthalate nullifies the sensitization. Although dextrin azide alone is more thermally sensitive than service azide, mixtures of the two containing 70% or more service azide show a sharp change to service azide properties; the mixtures apparently are not exploded by the dextrin azide they contain. The value ofEin the expression+ constant, wheretis the induction period, has been determined for both the initial and final stages of reaction preceding explosion and found to be essentially unaltered. Minimum explosion temperature of single large crystals was shown to increase with crystal size. The data are interpreted as showing that the thermal explosion of lead azide may result from self-heating, the heat of the pre-explosion reaction not being sufficiently dissipated from the material.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-065

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A measure of the dielectric constants of several substances adsorbed on silica gel has been obtained by measuring the change in the capacity of an electrical condenser when measured amounts of the substances were adsorbed on silica gel situated between the plates of the condenser. The substances examined were ethyl chloride,n-butane, and ethylene oxide. The plot of capacity change vs. amount adsorbed was found, in all cases, to consist of two or more quite distinct sections, each approximating to linearity. The temperature coefficients of dielectric constant were evaluated. The dielectric constant calculated for adsorbedn-butane was close to that calculated for the bulk liquid, whereas the value calculated for adsorbed ethyl chloride was significantly lower than the value calculated for the liquid.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-066

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

not available

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr47b-067

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1947

数据来源: NRC