摘要:

The ionization of the Kenelly-Heaviside layer was measured by Appleton's method during the total solar eclipse of August 31, 1932. In contrast to normal days, a sudden decrease of 58% during the period of optical totality was found. This is shown to be in accord with Appleton's, but not with Chapman's, theory that the cause of lower layer ionization is ultra-violet light from the sun. Some measurements were made of the effective height of the Appleton layer and these are discussed in detail. There is a marked effect at the time of optical totality on this layer also.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-001

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

This report contains the results from one of the three stations set up by the National Research Council of Canada to take observations on radio reflections from the ionized layers in the upper atmosphere during the total solar eclipse of August 31, 1932. The station concerned was located at Kingston, Ontario, and was approximately under the centre of totality for the upper or Appleton layer. Hence observations at this station were limited to the upper layer. The results from the other two stations at Corner Brook, Newfoundland, and at Vankleek Hill, Ontario, are reported in the paper immediately preceding (8).The method was that developed by Breit and Tuve, in which a short pulse is transmitted, the reflection being received and its time delay recorded by means of a cathode ray oscillograph.The results indicate that the ionization of the upper layer is caused by radiation (presumably ultra-violet light) from the sun. Whether or not this is the sole cause is uncertain because of the time lag in recombination of ions in the layer. A reduction in ionization of over 30% was noted.A magnetic storm which occurred a few days before the eclipse made the results more difficult to interpret but gave some information of the effect of such a storm on the upper layer. It appeared to cause considerable instability in the layer and a somewhat lower ion content.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-002

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

This paper contains the results of observations on signal strength and fading, taken during the total solar eclipse of August 31, 1932, by the Canadian Marconi Company, the Northern Electric Company, the Marine Department of the Canadian Government and l'Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal.The Canadian Marconi Company at Yamachiche took signal-strength observations on trans-Atlantic and American short-wave stations. The Northern Electric Company measured field strengths in Montreal from the Ottawa station in the broadcast band (600 Kc.). The stations of the Marine Department in the Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay regions and also in the Newfoundland and Nova Scotia region took notes on short-wave reception from Ottawa and direction-finding bearings on specified nearby stations. L'Ecole Polytechnique had a receiving station at Rigaud, Quebec.The results of observations on short waves indicate no effect at the time of the predicted corpuscular eclipse, but a definite night effect at the time of optical totality. Direction-finding stations and observations on the broadcast band report no effect.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-003

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The existing shape and arrangement of steam locomotives are such that smoke from the stack tends to sweep back along the boiler top and descend in front of the cab windows, seriously impairing forward vision. For the maximum degree of safety it is essential that the view from the cab, especially in a forward direction, should be unobstructed at all times. It is therefore desirable that some means be found for improving the manner in which the smoke is carried away from the stack. In addition to preventing the descent of smoke at the cab it is desirable that the external shape of the locomotive should be so modified as to result in a decreased air resistance, in view of the growing demand for economical running at increasingly higher speeds.The paper describes work done in the wind tunnel of the National Research Laboratories and discusses the steps whereby an improved external shape has been evolved for locomotives such that the smoke is lifted over the cab thus making possible an unimpaired vision ahead.The new design is the result of the application of elementary aerodynamics to the problem and aims at providing smoother air flow about the locomotive. Further, a layer of clean air is introduced between the smoke and the body of the locomotive and is responsible for maintaining the smoke above the cab. By removing the violent eddying flow about the locomotive the air resistance of the engine and tender has been reduced to the extent of some 35%.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-004

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The distributional ranges of many species of Bremidae meet or overlap in Manitoba. The distribution of most of these species is shown to follow closely the summer isotherms, which, in general, run in a northwest to southeast direction. Three main areas are recognized, each characterized by the presence or absence of certain species: (1) southern, (2) central, (3) northern and eastern. In the latter, three sub-areas are indicated. In all, 23 species of Bremidae are recorded from the province.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-005

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Experiments were conducted to determine the residual effect of sulphuric acid, copper sulphate, sodium chlorate, barium chlorate and sodium dichromate on three typical Alberta soils. No problem of residual effect was found with the two leaf sprays, sulphuric acid and copper sulphate. Sodium chlorate will remain toxic over a period of about two years, depending mainly on the organic matter content of the soil and the amount of leaching that takes place. The distance that the chlorate will leach down into the subsoil will depend on the amount of rainfall and the character of the soil. As soon as the chlorate is leached out or is reduced the soil returns to its normal productive power. Sodium dichromate decomposes very rapidly in the soil. It has a depressing effect on nitrification and on the activity of the soil micro-organisms. However, there is practically no residual effect from the use of sodium dichromate on soils of medium to high organic matter content.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-006

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The characteristic symptoms of nematode infection appeared in barley, oat and wheat seedlings as the sequence of planting the seed in soil infested with the nematode species,Tylenchus dipsaci, Kuhn, from narcissi bulbs. The severity of the infection was greater in barley and oats than in wheat.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-007

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

not available

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-008

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

not available

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-009

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC