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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 25, No. 351 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 25,
Issue 351,
1909,
Page 21-52
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摘要:
Issued 13/21 09 PROCEEDINGS OF TliR CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 25. No. 351. Thursday, February 4th, 1909, at 8.30 p.m., SIRWILLIAMRAMSAY, K.C.B., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Mr. F. Williams was formally admitted a Fellow of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Howard Alfred Caulkin, B.Sc., Oaklands, Solihull, Warwickshire. John Henry Chew, 46, LythaLn Road, Blackpool. George Clarke, Cawnpore, U.P., India. George Stanley Cooper, Heaton House, Cleckheatoo, Yorks. William Fowler, 3, Cranbrook Road, Victoria Docks, E. Egerton Hargreaves, M.Sc., Arthog,” Garner’s Lme, Davenport. Reginald Hopkinson, B.Sc., Brimington House, Brimington. Floyd J. Metzger, Columbia University, New York City, U.S.A. Oswald John Dalgatty Thomas, 65, Clarendon Gardens, Ilford.Vernon James Tilley, Linthorpe,” Becmead Avenue, Streatham, S.W. Charles William Truelove, B.Sc., 17, Tylney Road, Forest Gate, E. Robert William Wilson, 2, Parade, Aldersbrook Road, lllanor Park, E. Of the following papers, those marked *were read : “22. (( The mechanism of the reduction of nitroanilines and nitrophenols.” By Be rnhard Fliirscheim. Fliirscheim and Simon have shown recently that 2 :4-dinitrodi-phenylamine, on reduction by stannous chloride, only yields the amine 22 under conditions which cause the azoxy-derivative to be formed in the case of all the other dinitro-compounds examined. Similar observations in alkaline solutions had led Elbs to assume the following changes during the reduction of 0-and p-nitroaniline and phenols : According to the views on substitution in aromatic compounds put forward by the present author, it seemed possible that, condensation to the azoxy-derivative being due to the residual affinity of the tervalent nitrogen in the hydroxylamine and nitroso-compounds, partial saturation of that residual a5nity through the influence of an ortho-or para-amino-or hydroxyl group might prevent such con-densation.To decide this question, the behaviour of 2 :4-dinitrodiphenylmethyl-amine was examined, intramolecular change being here excluded. It was found that, in this case also, no azoxy-compound, but only the amine, is formed. Experimental evidence, therefore, favours the second of the above hypotheses.*23. “The relation between the strength of acids and bases and the quantitative distribution of affinity in the molecule.” By Bernhard Flurscheim. It, has been frequently observed that introduction of acidic or basic radicles into the molecule of an acid does not necessarily affect the dissociation constant in the expected sense, but often in the opposite direction. The author suggests the following hypothesis in explanation of this : The dissociation constant of an acid is inversely proportional to the strength of the bond between the acidic radicle and hydrogen, and directly proportional to the strength of the linking between the acidic radicle and the negative electron. The latter depends on the more or less negative nature of the acidic radicle; the former, however, is chiefly.a function of the amount of affinity which the atom to which hydrogen is linked can place at the hydro- gen’s disposal, This amount is variable, and its order of magnitude can in each particular case be foreseen by the application of general views previously advanced by the author.Similarly, quaternary ammonium hydroxides and analogous deriv- atives of oxygen, sulphur, iodine, etc., even when negatively sub- stituted, may be strong electrolytes, because quinquevalent nitrogen can only weakly attract the hydroxyl group. Lastly, the salts of amines, etc., with acids are hgdrolysed more readily when the nitrogen is liuked to unsaturated atoms which absorb much of its affinity.A 23 consideration of many affinity constants, hitherto thought abnormal, confhms these views, which have also been experimentaIly supported by the discovery that; when the basic group *NMePh is introduced in the ortho-position with respect to the amino-group of m-nitroaniline, the basicity of the latter is very considerably reduced. “24. “Note on the determination of the rate of chemical change by measurement of the gases evolved.” By Francis Edward Everard L amplough. In a criticism of the author’s work on this subject, J. C. Cain and F. Nicoll (Proc., 1908, 24, 282) have contended that the solutions of diazobenzene chloride, the rate of decomposition of which was being determined by them from the rate of evolution of nitrogen, did not become supersaturated by the gas, and that no error was thereby introduced into their results. With regard to the statements of Cain and Nicoll, it is manifest that their treatment of the solution (shaking, etc.) before measurement could not possibly prevent supersaturation occurring whilst measure-ment was taking place. Secondly, the ultimate evolution of the calculated volume of gas from the solution is merely evidence that the condition of supersaturation is only a temporary one.This would be expected of a metastable state, and is fully shown to be the case from the author’s experiments. A very simple direct experiment is, however, the most convincing proof that their reasoning is inadmissible. If a solution of diazo-benzene chloride, prepared in the usual manner and rapidly heated with or without shaking, say, to 50’, is allowed to stand for ten or fifteen minutes and the flask then gently revolved so as to set the liquid in fairly rapid rotation, a copious effervescence will at once be seen to result.The effect is still more clearly shown if the flask is connected to a pneumatic trough, in which case the liquid may be well agitated by shaking. Experiments were made by the author which showed that under conditions of efficient stirring no acceleration of the reaction was produced by “colloidal ” platinum. This is not surprising in view of the immediate precipitation of the metal from the colloidal state in the presence of the stirong electrolytes contained in the solution.In throwing doubt on the measurement of temperature, Cain and Nicoll appear entirely to have overlooked the experiment (Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1908, 14, 590) by which it is proved that, throughout the time of measurement, the temperature of the reacting liquid did not differ more than 0.1’from that of the water-bath. A few words of a sentence from the author’s paper are quoted apart from the context by Crtin and Nicoll, so that they produce an entirely incorrect impression as to the actual procedure. Finally, no suggestion of errors in temperature measurements could possibly dispose of the obvious conclusions from the comparative experiments performed with and without stirring at the same temper- ature and in the presence OF the same platinum stirrer.In the experiments with agitation of the solution, the gas was at first evolved with high velocity, and this rate gradually diminished, strictly follow- ing the unimolecular law. In those without agitation, the rate of evolution was at first slow, gradually increased to a maximum value, and then diminished; if the stirrer was set in motion at any time in such an experiment, the immediate evolution of the large quantity of stored-up gas indicated a degree of supersaturation up to 100 times the volume normally dissolved. Again, in the experiments with stirring, the values of the velocity constant from first to last showed only very slight and irregularly-distributed differences from the mean value ;in the experiments without stirring, and in those of Cain and Nicoll, at best only a limited range from the middle of the experiment could be selected over which the calculated values of the ‘‘constant ” (much lower than those of the experiments with stirring) might be plausibly uniform.DISCUSSION. Dr. YELEYremarked, with reference to the author’s statement as to the rate of decomposition of oxalic by sulphuric acid, that it appeared unreasonable, if not romantic, to criticise work which he, the speaker, had never done, and conclusions at which he had never arrived, From calculations made in a number of cases in which a gas is evolved from a solution by a process of chemical change, it appeared that the author had very greatly overestimated the super- saturation value as at 100, or even more; it probably did not exceed 8 to 12, according to the nature of the gas and conditions of experi- ment.Mr. LAMPLOUGH,in reply, pointed out that Euler performed his one comparison experiment with and without stirring at 25’. At this temperature the velocity of the reaction mould be 100 times less, and the solubility of nitrogen only twice greater, than at the temperature of his (the speaker’s) comparison experiment then under consideration, and a much closer agreement would therefore be expected. The author had hitherto confined his attention to the benzenediazonium compounds, and these bad been investigated at temperatures from 36’ to 67’. Mr. Lamplough offered apologies to DP. Veley for the 25 incorrect statement that he (Dr.Veley) had shown the decomposition of oxalic acid by sulphuric acid to be bimolecular. It should rather have been said that Dr. Veley found that the decomposition of formic acid by sulphuric acid was bimolecnlar, but had arrived at no conclu-sion from his experiments with oxalic acid (Phil. Trans., 1858, 178, 280, 291). Both these actions had since been shown to be uni-molecular, the former by the author, the latter by Lichty, of Heidel-, berg, by a titration method. He further pointed out that his method of determining the degree of supersaturation was not theoretical, but practical, and confirmed his assertion as to the high degrees of super-saturation obtained by showing from the curves of an actual experi- ment that 37 C.C.of solution at 62’ held at one time 21 C.C. of gas, which from the value 0.006 for the solubility of nitrogen at 62’ represented a degree of supersaturation of more than 90. In justification of the words (‘plausibly uniform,” an example was taken from Cain and Nicoll’s paper (Trans., 1902, 81, l416), from which it was shown that over a range of 15 per cent. of the reaction there was a continuous variation of the velocity constant amounting to 12.2 per cent. of its mean value, and the other experiment at the same temperature did not show a much greater constancy. He had, how- ever, no intention of disputing that Cain and Nicoll had been able, owing to the very slight solubility of nitrogen, to show that the decomposition of diazo benzene chloride was possibly, even probably, a unimolecular action, but contended that the temporary state of supersaturation had seriously affected the values of their constants ; in the case of actions which evolved more soluble gases, even the order of the reaction became untrustworthy. The crucial test of the development of this etate was experiment, such as the simple one described above.*25. The triazo-group. Part VII. Interaction of benzhydroximic chloride and wdium azide.” By Martin Onslow Forster. 5 ;1-YhenyZhydroxytetrccxoZe, C,H,*C< N--fl, is produced, in-N(OH)*N stead of the expected benzhydroximic azoimide, when sodium azide and bsnshydroximic chloride interact ; it melts and decomposes at 124O, undergoing spontaneous decomposition in the course of a few days, and is resolved by alkalis into benzonitrile, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide.The benzoyl, p-toZuenesuZphonic, and P-naphthdene-sulphonic derivatives are stable, however, decomposing at 127’, 91-92’, and 1Olo respectively. 26 *26. ‘‘The triazo-group. Part VIII. Azoimides of the monobasic aliphatic acids.” By Hartin Onslow Forster and Robert Xiiller. A description was given of a-triazobutyric, a-triazoisobutyric, and a-triaeoisovaleric acids, their amides and ethyl esters, with further information concerning triazoacet ic and a-triazopropionic acids, these compounds having been studied with the object of determining the influence of environment on the stability of the triazo-group in the series.*27. (( Nitro-derivatives of ortho-xylene.” By Arthur William Crossley and Nora Renouf. In continuance of the work, briefly described in a preliminary note (PToc.,1908, 24, SS), the action of nitrating agents on o-xylene has now been thoroughly investigated, with the result that all the theoretically possible mono-, di-, and tri-nitro-o-xylenes have been prepared. The methods adopted in establishing the constitutions of the various n itro-o-xylenes mere discussed. *28. 4L The divergence of the atomic weights of the lighter elements from whole numbers.” By Alfred Charles Glyn Egerton. The atomic weights of the first fifteen elements have been calculated according to a simple formula, in which a constant is multiplied by a constantly increasing whole number in order to obtain the divergence from whole numbers of the atomic weights.The atomic weights of the next thirteen elements have been calculated according to a. slightly modified formula. The agreement is, in nearly all cases, to the second place of decimals. The relation suggests a modification of Prout’s hypothesis. DISCUSSION. The PRESIDENTsaid that he considered this as an epoch-making paper. The plan brought forward differed from all previous attempts to introduce regularity into the irregular series of numbers in the periodic table, inasmuch as it was based on a definite physical concep- tion: the addition or subtractlon of groups of electrons from the atoms; or, what came to much the same thing, definite amounts of electro-magnetic attraction which might conceivably alter mass. 27 “29.“The constituents of the bark of Prunus serotina. Isolation of E-mandelonitrile glucoside.” By Frederick Belding Power and Charles Watson Moore. The material employed, consisting of the air-dried bark of Pm~t,zcs 8wotina, Ehrhart, yielded on maceration with water an amount of hydrogen cyanide corresponding with about 0.075 per cent. of its weight. It has been shown to contain 2-mandelonitrile glucoside, C,,H,,O,N (m. p. 145-147’; [a], -29*6O), which has also been obtained in the form of its tetra-acetyl derivative (m. p. 136-137O; [aID -24-0°), and an enzyme which hydrolyses P-glucosides. An alcoholic extract of the bark, on distillation with steam, yielded small amounts of benzoic acid and an essential oil, but no hydrogen cyanide.The non-volatile constituents of the bark consisted of a green resin, insoluble in either hot or cold water; a brown resin, soluble in the hot aqueous liquid, but deposited on cooling; and material which remained dissolved in the cold aqueous liquid. The green resin, amounting to about one per cent. of the weight of the bark, yielded a phytosterol, C,,H,,O (m. p. 135-136”; [a]=-34*0°), palmitic, stearic, oleic, liuolic, and isolinolenic acids, a little ipuranol, C,,H,,O,(OH),, and, after acid hydrolysis, oleic acid, dextrose, and /3-methylaesculetin, C,oHsO,. The brown resin, amounting to about one per cent. of the weight of the bark, yielded, after acid hydrolysis, traces of a phytosterol, small amounts of oleic acid, ,B-methylmculetin, and dextrose, together with insoluble, red, resinous material.The portion of the alcoholic extract which was soluble in cold water contained the 2-mandelonitrile glucoside, together with a quantity of sugar and tannin. It yielded, furthermore, benzoic, trimethylgallic, and p-cumaric acids, traces of a substance melting at 240-241°, and, after heating with dilute sulphuric acid, I-mandelic acid and P-methyl- aesculetin were obtained. 30. 6‘ Benzyl and ethyl derivatives of silicon tetrachloride.” By Geoffrey Martin and Frederic Stanley Kipping. The authors have made a study of certain benzyl- and ethyl-silicon compounds with the object of comparilig their chemical behaviour with that of corresponding carbon compounds.Tribenzylsilicon chloride and benzylsilicon trichloride, prepared by an improved method of applying the Grignard reagent, were decom- posed by water, tribenxylsilicol, Si(CH,*C,.H,),*O H, and bertxylmeta-silicic acid, C,H,-CH,*SiO*OH, respectively being obtained. The former when boiled with concentrated hydrochloric acid or with dilute aqueous potassium hydroxide is converted into til.ibenxylsilicyZ oxide, [(C,H,*CH,),Si],O, a change not brought about by heating the silicol alone or with acetic anhydride; acetic chloride and benzoic chloride convert the silicol into the corresponding chloride. TribenxyZ-siZicyZ oxide is a colourless solid, m.p. 205O, soluble in chloroform, but sparingly so in light petroleum or alcohol. Benxylmetasilicic mid, a resinous substance soluble in ether, does not exhibit properties analogous to those of a carboxylic acid ;a1 though soluble in potassium hydroxide solution, it does not form stable salts with organic bases. Its ortho-ester, C,H,*CH,*Si(OEt)3, and the oxide, [C,H,*CH,~Si(OEt),],O, were prepared by treating benzylsilicon trichloride with ethyl alcohol ;both are oils, boiling at 170-1 75O/ (70 mm.) and 256-260°/(75 mm.) respectively. Attempts to prepare derivatives of silicon hexnchloride by heating tribenzylsilicyl chloride, benzylsilicyl trichloride, and benzylethylpropylsilicyl chloride respect- ively with sodium or p6tassium were unsuccessful.Diethylsilicon dicAEoride was prepared from silicon tetrachloride by the Grignard reaction, but the yield was very poor; under certain conditions a considerable proportion of the tetrachloride gives non- volatile products, from which, after treatment with water, a yellow powder may be obtained; this substance is soluble in alkali hydroxides with evolution of hydrogen, but insoluble in all other ordinary solvents, and seems to have the composition C,H,08Si,. Diethylsilicon dichloride is decomposed by water, giving a pols-merised oily silicone, (SiEb,O),; the hydrol, SiEtJOH),, apparently is not formed. 31. (( The formation and reactions of imino-compounds, Part VIII. The formation of methyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-l : 3-naphthyl-enediamine from the three tolylacetonitriles.” By Stanley Robert Best and Jocelyn Field Thorpe.Previous experiments have indicated that the transformation of a benzenoid imino-nitrile into a derivative of 1 :3-naphthylenediamine by the action of cold concentrated sulphuric acid is hindered if a methyl group is in the meta-position with respect to the carbon atom at which ring formation must take place. Experiments have now been made which fiirnish further instances of this hindering action. The three tolylacetonitriles readily undergo intramolecular con-densation, forming /3-imino-a-cyarzo-ay-di-o-tolylpmpane (I), p-irnino-a-cyano-ay-di-rn-tolyZpropane(II), and P-irnino-a-cyano-ay-di-p-tolylpl,opccne (III) : 29 Me!,,,! /CH*C,H,Me(p) CN (111.) and when these compounds are treated with cold concentrated sulphuric acid they are converted into the sulphates of 6-o-toZyZ-l-methyl-5 :7-naphthylenediccmine (LV),6-m-tolyl-2-nzethyl-5:7-naphthyl-erzediccmine (V), and 7-p-tolyl-2-methyl-6:8-naphthylenediamine (VI) respectively : Me (\/\NH, &le/\/\NHl I\/\/‘C H Me(o) \/\/IC -II”Me(m) NH2 *H2 (IT.) (Jr.) /\/\NK2I\/\/b,E4Ne(p) N=2 (TI.1 The yields of the naphthalene derivatives from the three imino- nitriles are in accordance with previous observations.Thus the meta- derivative (II),from which ring formation is shown by the oxidation of the naphthalene derivative to 4-methylphthalic acid to take place in the para-position with respect to the methyl group, gives 80 per cent.of the theoretical quantity of 6-m-tolyl-2-methyl-5 :7-naphthyl-enediamine (V), whereas from the ortho- and para-derivatives (I and 111),from which ring formation has to take place in the meta position with respect to the methyl group, scarcely more than 10 per cent. of the naphthalene derivatives (IV and VI) are obtained under the same experimental conditions. The preparation and properties of the pyrimidine derivatives derived from the three tolylacetonitriles were described. 32, “The effect of contiguous unsaturated groups on optical activity. Part I.” By Thomas Percy Hilditch. The chemical and physical behaviour of organic substances con- taining adjacent unsaturated groups has frequently been observed to 30 be irregular, and, as is well known, the optical properties of refrac-tive index and magnetic rotatory power exhibit anomalies in such cases.The present work is the first part of an investigation designed to find out if optical activity is subject to the same influences. From the collected observations of different workers, in the cases of terpene derivatives, optically active aromatic substances and optically active esters possessing conjugated unsaturated systems, the author showed that in many, but not in all, instances a pronounced increase in mole- cular rotatory power takes place. Further, from observations on the camphorates and camphor-P-sulphonates of a number of phenolic or amino-derivatives of suhstances containing a benzenoid residue adjacent to an ethylenic or carbonyl group, it is found that : (1) Conjugation is accompanied by abnormal optical activity.(2) The effect reaches a maximum when the conjugated system is nearest to the asymmetric carbon atoms. (3) The effect is lessened as the proximity of the unsaturated groups to one another is lessened. (4) The effect is decreased, and sometimes completely destroyed, if a saturated group is interposed between the conjugated and asymmetric systems. 33. The miscibility of solids.” By Ernest Vanstone. While working on solid solutions with camphor, the author was led to develop the present theory. The explanation of the miscibility of solids is suggested by the Pope and Barlow theory, and may be stated as follows : Two substances will show the greatest degree of miscibility, whose assemblages of spheres of atomic influence possess similar marshalling, and are capable of being partitioned into units possessing almost equal volumes, the volumes being the molecular domains.This explanation applies to the miscibility of the elements and of compounds, both organic and inorganic. The degree of miscibility of two elements depends on the closeness of agreement between the atomic volumes, and also on their valency values, and this accounts for the great tendency of the elements to form mixed crystals. Where a difference in valency volumes exists, a slight expansion of the spheres composing the substance of lower valency volume causes the volume of the molecular unit to approximate closely to that of the substance of higher vnlency volume. The freezing-point curves for camphor and borneol, benzoin and bend, and menthol and menthone have been obtained.The first 31 pair of compounds forms solid solutions in all proportions, borneol raising the freezing point of camphor continuously. Benzoin and benzil show a curious behaviour, as the curve has two eutectic points with an intermediate horizontal portion. The cum0 for menthol and meuthone appears to be continuous with a minimum point. 34. Esterification constants of substituted acrylic acids. Part 111.” By John Joseph Sudborough and James Mylam Gittins. The constants at 15O, using methyl alcohol mit.h hydrogen chloride as catalyst, have been determined for the following acids: cyclo-Hexanecarboxylic, phenylacetic, a-and /3-phenylpropionic, y-phenyl-n- butyric, &yhenyl-n--valeric, furfurylpropionic, phenylbenzylacetic, undecylenic, oleic, elaidic, erucic, brassidic, phenyl-py-crotonic, allyl- acetic, sorbic, cinnamylideneacetic, hydrosorbic, cinnamenylpropionic, /3-phenylethylidenepropionic, phenylpropylideneacetic, ap-oleic, aUo-cinnamic, and tetrolic.The results confirm the conclusions previously drawn ((rrans., 1905, 87, 1840; 1907, 91, 1033). The constants for ap-unsaturated acids are remarkably low when compared with those for the corresponding saturated acids. Py-Un-saturated acids have constants somewhat larger than those for their saturated analogues, and double bonds which are still further removed from the carboxylic group have very little effect, so that there is practically no difference between the constants for the unsaturated and the corresponding saturated acid.The effect of the reduction of benzoic to cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is remarkable, the constant being raised from 0.25 to 19.3. A triple linking in the +position has much the same effect as a double bond in the same position, and conjugate ethylene linkings have R somewhat greater retarding effect than an up-double linking. 35. ‘(Brazilin, haematoxylin, and their derivatives. Part X. The constitution of trimethglbrazilone, of U-and /3-anhydrotri-methylbrazilone, and of the corresponding derivatives of haematoxylin.” By William Henry Perkin, jun., and Robert Robinson.The authors described in detail the properties of the derivatives mentioned in the title with the object of proving that the constitutional formulae assigned to them in the previous parts of this research are correct. 32 36. The preparation of disulphides. Part 111, The nitrobenzyl disnlphides. (A correction.)” By Thomas Slater Price and Douglas Frank Twiss. In a recent communication on the nitrobenzyl disulphides (Trmw., 1908, 93, 140l), the statement was made that ‘(the three disulphides obtained in the course of this investigation have not been isolated before.” This statement is erroneous so far as the ortho- and meta- disulphides are concerned, but it does not affect the subject-matter of the paper cited, since a new method of preparation of these disulphides is there given.Jahoda (Jfonatsh., 1890, 10, 874) claimed to have prepared di-o-nitrobenzyl disulphide (this nomenclature is to be preferred to o-nitrobenzyl disulphide), but Gabriel and Stelzner (Ber., 1896, 29, 161) showed that Jahoda’s product was really the mercaptan. They prepared the o-disulphide and found it to consist of yellow crystals which melted at 112-1 13’, these properties agreeing with those found by Gabriel and Posner (Ber., 1895, 28, 1025) and Cassirer (Ber., 1892, 25, 3029). In 1901, Blanksma (Bec, trav. claim., 1901, 20, 137) also prepared di-o-nitrobenzyl disulphide (this compound is not mentioned in Abstr., 1901, 80, i, 461) and found that it melted at 110”.This melting point agrees with that observed by the authors (109-5O), but they also find that on repented crystallisation from alcohol the crystals become almost colourless, possessing only a slight yellow tinge, Di-.in-nitrobenzyl disulphide has been prepared by Lutter (Bw., 1897, 30, 1069) by oxidation of the corresponding mercaptan with iodine, and is described as consisting of yellowish-white crystals melting at 103-104”. The melting point agrees with that observed by the authors, but when pure the substance is almost colourless; individual crystals appear colourless, but in bulk they possess a faint yellow tinge. Strnkosch (Bey., 1872, 5, 692) claims to have obtained di-p-nitro- benzyl disulphide.The melting point given, 89O, is quite different from that observed by the authors (126*5O), and does not correspond with the melting points of the 0-and m-compounds. The analytical results are also not satisfactory, 19.72 per cent. of sulphur being found instead of 19.05 per cent. Evidently the compound prepared by Strakosch was not the disulphide, and the authors are engaged in repeating his experiments. The pure kubstance possesses a colour similar to that of the Pn-disulphide. 37. Derivatives of naphthacenequinone. Part III.” By Dorothy Harrop, Roland Victor Norris, and Charles Weizmann In continuation of previous work (Trans.,1907, 91, 1588), the authors have prepared a further series of naphthacenequirione derivatives. 38.‘I The nature of ammoniacal copper solutions. Part 11. The solubility of cupric hydroxide in ammoniacal sulphate solutions.” By Harry Medforth Dawson. With the object of supplementing the information already obtained concerning the nature of amrnoniacal solutions of copper salts (compare Dawson, Trans.,1906, 89, 1666; 1900, 77, 1239), the author has measured the solubility of cupric hydroxide in ammoniacal solutions of ammonium and sodium sulphates, and of barium and sodium hydroxides. Cupric bydroxide does not dissolve directly in pure ammonium sulphate solutions, and this is an indication that cupridiammonia compounds either do not exist or are not readily formed. In presence of ammonia the hydroxide dissolves readily, and ammonia therefore appears to be the primary cause of the solution process, cupritetra- ammonia hydroxide being thereby formed.This then reacts with the amnionium sulphate in the solution, the action consisting in the partial displacement of the ammonia from the sulphate by the stronger cupri- ammonia base, a condition of equilibrium being set up corresponding with the scheme : Cu*4NH3(OH),+ (NH,),SO, Cu*4NH3S0, + 2NH,OH. The solubility data are consistent with this view. From a consideration of the quantities of ammonia which are neces- sary to dissolve cupric hydroxide in such quantity that the resulting solution contains copper and sulphate in equivalent proportions, the conclusion is drawn that optically clear solutions, prepared by adding ammonia (not in large excess) to copper sulphate solutions, aye super- saturated with respect to cupric hydroxide.When such solutions are shaken with cupric hydroxide, a diminution in the copper concentra-tion is actually observed. The deposited copper is supposed to be present in the original solution in the form of colloidal hydroxide. The new observations are in agreement with the author’s previous determinations of the chemical dissociation in ammoniacal solutions of copper salts on the basis of distribution measurements. 34 39. (( The action of @rays on photosensitive solutions.” By Otto Flaschner. The analogy between the action of light and that of P-rays on oertain chemical reactions was pointed out and instanced in the case of two photosensitive solutions.The potential of an AgBr/KBr electrode rises under the influence of @-rays, and falls when the latter disappear. The higher the initial potential the more sensitive is the electrode towards light and P-rays. The Eder’s actinometric solution was the second type to be examined, and this is also influenced by P-rays. 40. (‘The rusting of iron.” By Gerald Tattersall Moody. In the experiments described by Tilden (Trans.,1908, 93,1356), that author has lost sight of the well-known fact that commercial iron and steel invariably contain foreign substances, notably sulphur compounds, which on exposure to air and water at once furnish free acids. The rusting observed in Tilden’s experiments, in which carbonic acid was excluded, was a result primarily of interaction between acids, formed by oxidation of sulphur compounds and other foreign constituents capable of furnishing acids on reaction with water and oxygen, and iron, the resulting ferrous salt being subsequently oxidised with production of rust.Tilden’s experiments conclusively show that commercial iron after treatment with chromic acid no longer rusts in presence of water and oxygen, but the inactivity is wrongly attributed to the chromic acid rendering the iron ‘I passive.” The true explanation of the inhibitive effect of chromic acid is that it removes from the surface of the iron those constituents which would otherwise subsequently yield acids on exposure to water and oxygen.That Tilden’s view that the iron is rendered passive is incorrect is conclusively shown by the readiness with which the iron rusts as soon as normal air containing carbonic acid or any other acid is admitted. Tilden further states that after immersion for years of iron in dilute chromic acid, he has observed (( no sign OF rust or of dissolution of the iron either by change of colour or the formation of precipitate on adding excess of ammonia.” In this connexion it must be pointed out that ferric hydroxide is readily dissolved by chromic acid, so that visible change could not be expected. Moreover, dilute solutions of iron in chromic acid do not afford a visible precipitate or a change of colour on addition of excess of ammonia. If, however, 35 the solution is filtered after addition of ammonia, ferric hydroxide in appreciable quantity remains on the filter-paper, and the dissolution of the iron is thereby made evident.41. ‘;The iodobenzenemonosulphonic acids. Part I.” By Mary Boyle. An account was given of the preparation and properties of 1 :4 :6-, 1 :3 :4-,1 ;3 :5-, and 1:2 ;4-di-iodohenzsnex?Jplzonic nc;ds ; also of 1 :2 :3 ;5-, 1 :2 ;4 ;5-, and 1 : 2 :4:6-tri-iorl~,benx~n~si~~~~~~onicacids. The acids were mostly preparaed from the appropriate xrrtinnsul phonic acids by introducing iodine by means of iodine chloride and subsequently displacing the amino-group by iodine by the di:tzo-reaction. It is noteworthy that all the iodo-diazo-srilplion.ttes are coloured compounds, varying from very pale yellow in the case of the 1 :4-acid to bright yellow in the case of the tri-iodo-acids.The acids are all readily soluble in water, and several crystdlise well, especially in preqence of mineral acid. They furnish well-defined salts, which are only sparingly soluble in water. The sulphonyl chlorides crystallise well. 42. “Contributions to the chemistry of the terpenes. Part IV. The oxidation of pinene with mercuric acetate.” By George Clerald Henderson and James Watson Agnew. By the action of aqueous mercuric acetate at the ordinary tem- perature, pinene is converted into sobrerol, C,,H,,(OH),, a compound formerly prepared by oxidising pinene with moist oxygen in sunlight, and sobrerol is oxidised to a hydroxyketone, C,,H,,(OH)O, when heated with the same reagent. The hydroxyketone is reduced to sobrerol when dissolved in moist ether and treated with sodium, and it yields carvacrol on reduction with aqueous hydriodic acid in the cold.When heated for a short time with anhydrous oxalic acid, it yields carvone together with soue carvacrol, and when it is oxidised with an acidified solution of potassium permanganate, terpenylic acid is obtained. Hence it is concluded that the hydroxyketone is 8-bydroxycarvotanacetone. Sobrerol can also be prepared by the action of mercuric oxide on a cold solution of pinene in acetic acid, whilst if the solution ie-heated, the oxidation product is the hydroxyketone. 36 43. (‘Formation of heterocyclic compounds.Part I. 1-Phenyl-pyrrolidine-2 :5-dicarboxylic acid from adipic acid.” By Henry Rondel Le Sueur. The methyl or ethyl ester of 1-phenylpyrrolidine-2 : 5-dicarboxylic acid is readily obtained by the action of monoethylaniline on the corresponding methyl or ethyl ester of aa’-dibromoadipic acid. 1-Phenylpyrrolidine-2 :5-dicarboxylic acid is crystalline, and decom- poses at 252’; it is readily obtained by hydrolysis of its ethyl ester. 44. The influence of solvents on the rotation of optically active compounds. Part XIV. Ethyl tartrate in benzaldehyde and in quinoline.” By Thomas Stewart Patterson and David Paterson McDonald. The influence of benzaldehyde and of quinoline as solvents on the rotation of ethyl tartrate mas described.ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Academie des Sciences, Paris. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des sr5ances de 1’Academie. Vol. lxxiv-lxxxv. 12 vols. Paris 18’72-77. (Circulating.) From Dr. Horace T. Brown. Archibald, R. D., and Rankin, R. Electrical laboratory course. pp. vi + 95. ill. London 1908. (Recd. 20/11/08.) From the Publishers: Messrs. Blackie & Son. Browning, Philip E. Introduction to the rarer elements, 2nd edition, pp. x+207. New York 1908. (Recd. 5/1/09.) From the Publishers: Messrs. John Wiley & Sons. Dannerth, Frederic. The methods of textile chemistry, pp. viii + 164. New York 1908. (Recd. 27/11/08.) From the Publishers : Messrs. John Wiley & Sons. Donnan, Frederick George. Kupf er und seine Verbindungen. [Abegg’s Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie.11. i.] pp. 469 to 654. (Recd. 12/1/09.) From the Author. Dunstan, Albert Ernest. An organic chemistry for schools and technical institutes. pp. viii + 160. ill. London 1908. (Recd.loll 1/08.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Methuen & Co. 37 Johnson, Gg-ove. The student’s manual of yeast culture. pp. xv+ 180. ill. London 1908. (Recd. 10/11/08.) From the Author. Kissling, Richard. Das Erdol, seine Verarbeitung und Ver-wendung. Eine gedrangte Schilderung des Gesamtgebietes der Erdol- Industrie. pp. xf 154. ill. Halle a. S. 1908. (Recd. 4/1/09.) From Dr. J. Lewkowitsch. Lewkowitsch, Julius. Technologie et analyse chimiques des huiles, graisses et cires. Traduit . . .par €hiEe Bontoux. Tome 11. pp. xiii +563 to 1423. ill. Paris 1909. (Recd. 14/1/09.) From the Author. Lunge, George. Technical chemists’ handbook. Tables and methods of analysis for manufacturers of inorganic chemical products, pp. xv + 260. ill. London 1908. (Recd. 5/12/08.) From the Author. Mathewson, C. H. First pyinciples of chemical theory. pp. vii+ 123. New York 1908. (Recd. 5/1/09.) Prom the Publishers : Messrs. John Wiley & Sons. Morgan, J. Livingston R. The elements of physical chemistry. 4th edition. pp. xiv+539. New York 1908. (Recd. 27/11/08.) From the Publishers : Messrs. John Wiley & Sons, Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Catalogue of the Library. 9th edition. Compiled by John William Knapman. pp. 715. London 1905.(Reference.) From the Society. Plimmer, R.IT. Aders. The chemical constitution of the proteins. In 2 parts. pp. xii + 100, xi + 66. London 1908. (Recd. 28/11/0S.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. Richards, Ellen H. Laboratory notes on industrial water analysis. pp. iii +49. New York 1908. (Recd. 5/1/09.) From the Publishers : Messrs. John Wiley Cpt Sons. Roscoe, Sir Henry EnJeld, and Schorlemmer, Carl. A treatise 011 chemistry. Vol. 11. The metals. New edition, completely revised by Sir H. E. Roscoe and A. Harden. pp. xvi + 1436. ill. London 1907. (Recd. 19/12/08.) From Sir H. E. Roscoe. Royal Society. Some account of the ‘‘letters and papers ” of the period 1741-1806 in the archives. With an index of authors.Compiled by A. H. Church. pp. 73. Oxford, Printed for the author. 1908. (Recd. 9/12/08.) From Professor A. H. Church. Soci6t6 chimique de France. Cinquantenaire. pp. iv + 146. (42 plates.) Paris 1908. (Refereme.) From the Society. Turner, Thonzccs. The metallurgy of iron. pp. xvi+463. ill. London 1908. (Recd. 3/12/0S.) From Professor W. A. Tilden. Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm. Ninth report. By the Duke of Bedford and Spencer U.Pickering. pp. 95 +xlvii. ill. London 1908. (Recd. 19/12/08.) From the Authors, 38 11. By Purchase. Bowman, Ti-ederic Hungerfos-d. The structure of the cotton fibre in its relation to technical applications. pp. xx +470. ill. London 1908. (Recd. 19/12/08.) The structure of the wool fibre and its relation to the use of wool for technical purposes.pp. xx +475. London 1908. (Recd. 1911 2/08.) LundQn,Harccld. Affinitatsmessungen an schwachen Sauren und Basen. (Sammlung, Vol. XIV.) Stuttgart 1908. Squire, Peter TTgatt. Companion to the latest edition of the British Pharmacopoeia, comparing the strength of its various preparations with those of the United States, and other foreign pharmacopceias, to which are added not official preparations, and practical hints on prescribing. 18th edition. pp. xlii + 1417. London 1908. (Recd. 17/ 12/08.) Watt, Sir Geos-ge. The commercial products of India. Being an abridgement of ‘‘ The dictionary of economic products of India.” pp. viii + 1189. London 1908. (Recd. 17/12/08,) Wiley, Harvey T, Principles and practice of agricultural analysis. Vol.11. Fertilizers and insecticides. pp. xi + 680. ill. Easton, Pa. 1908. (Red 3/12/08.) Zeitschrift fur anorganische Chemie. Generalregister der B’inde 1-50 (1892-1906). pp. xxiv + 652. Hamburg 1908. (Reference.) 111. Pamphlets. (+hose,Anu. The mode of occurrence of manganite in the man-ganese ore deposits of the Sandur State, Bellary, Madras, India. (From the Trans. Inst. Bin. Eng., 1908.) India. Irnperird Department of Agriculture. Report for the years 1905-06 and 1906-07. Calcutka 1908. Jackson, A. Hendrick. The lead accumulator electrolyte. [1908.1 Lett, Stephen J. More about Zambesia minerals. (From the Miqzing Joumal, 1908.) Meininger, Ernst. Beitrag zur Kenntnis einiger Cummiarten. Mulhausen, 1908.Mielck, Wilhelm. Pharmakognostisch-chemische Untersuchung des javanischen Lackharzes (‘Gala-Gala.” Strassburg 1908. Rathje, Amold. Neuere Untersuchungen der Fette von Lyco-podium, Secale cornutum, Semen Arecae und Semen Aleuritis cordatae sowie der brasilianischen Pflanzenmilch Amapa. Kiel 1908. Siebeck, AdoZf. Ueber einige organische Eisensalze. Wat-tenscheid 1908. Simmer, August. Ueber das V erhalten der Alkaloidsalze und anderer organischer Substanzen zu den Liisungsmitteln der Perfo- rationsmethode, insbesondere Chloroform, sowie uber Reduktions-wirkungen der Alkaloide. Strassburg 1906. Sommerfeldt, Ernst. Thermochemische und thermodynamische Methoden, angewandt auf den Vorgang der BiIdung von Mischkrys-tallen.Stuttgart 1900. -den Basalten Petrographisch-chemische Untersuchungen an des sudlichen Bakony. Budapest 1908. Transvaal. Government Laboratories. Annual Report for the year 1906-7. Pretoria 1908. Weiss, Hermann. Pharrnakognostische und phytochemische Unter- suchung der Rinde und der Fruchte von Aegiceras majus G., mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Saponins. Strassburg 1906. Wentrup, Tram. Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Saponine. Strassburg 1908. West Indies. Imperial Department of Agriculture. Sugar-cane experiments in the Leeward Islands. Report on experiments con-ducted . . . in the season 1906-7. 2 parts. Barbados 1908. ANNIVERSARY DINNER. It has been arranged that the Fellows of the Society and their friends shall dine together at the Whitehall Rooms, Hotel Metropole, at 6.30 for 7 o’clock, on Thursday, March 25th, 1909 (the day fixed for the Annual General Meeting).The price of the tickets will be One Guinea each, including wine. All applications for tickets must be received not later than Thursday, March 18th next. Tickets mill be forwarded to Fellows on receipt of a remittance for the number required, made payable to ‘‘ Mr. S. E. Cwr ” and addressed to the Assistant Secretary, Chemical Society, Burlington House, W. 40 At the next Ordinary Meeting on Thursday, February lath, 1909, there will be a ballot for the election of Fellows and the following papers mill be communicated : ‘‘ A study of some asymmetric compounds.” By F. S. Kipping.The decomposition and sublimation of animonium nitrite under the influence of heat.” By P. C. Rity. ‘6 The estimation of hydroxyl derivatives in mixtures of organic compounds.” By H. Hibbert. “A simple method for determining the chemical affinity of organic substances.” By H. Hibbert. “The isolation of the aromatic sulphinic acids.” By J. Thomas. “ Analytical investigation of zirconium metal.” By E. Wedekind and S. Judd Lewis. ‘‘Chlorine generated by potassium permanganate, its preparation and purity.” By E.Wedekind and S. Judd Lewis. 41 CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from ‘I General Knowledge ” are printed in italics. The following Candidates have been proposed for election.A ballot will be held on Thursday, February 18th, 1909. Adlam, George Henry Joseph, 86, Southmoor Boad, Oxford. Science Master, Boys’ High School, Oxford. B.A. (Oxford). First-class in School of Natural Science, 1905 (Chemistry). Engaged in research in collaboration with Dr. H. B. Baker. William Odling. W. W. Fisher. H. B. Baker. C. Stanley Gibson. J. E. Marsh. Brunskill, Hubert, 7, Friarage Gardens, Hartlepool, Durham. Teacher (Secondary). 1nter.B.Sc. (London) ; Honours, Chemistry. Three years Science Teacher. I wish to join in order that I may keep up to date in chemical science, which I find rather difficult here; and also that at some future period I may contribute work on organic or physical chemistry. Fred.Phillips. W. T. L. Leeming. J. H. Howgate. W. H. Hurtley. J. W. Patterson. Sidney Harvey. Clayton, Arthur, 35, Sisters Avenue, Clapham Common, S.W. Teacher of Chemistry. Author of “The Residual Affinity of the Coumarins,” J.C.S.,19OS,and li The Coumarin Condensation,” 1908. B.Sc., Hon. (London). William A. Tilden. G. T. Morgan James 0. Philip. &I.0. Forster. Chapman Jones. 42 Cocksedge, Berbert Edwin, 5, Romola Road, Heme Hill, S.E. Research Student. B.A. Final Honours Chemistry, Oxford, 1907 (1st’); qualified for B.Sc. by research (Oxon.), 1908. H. Brereton Baker. N. V. Sidgwick. Andrea Angel. F. D. Chattaway. J. E. Marsh. Coles, Alfred Bertram, 42, Broadwater Road, Tottenham, N. Science Master, Tottenham County School ; Lecturer, Tottenham Polytechnic.M.A. (Oxon). Second Class Honours in Chemistry in Final School of Natural Science, Oxford, 1904. Science Master, Car-marthen Grammar School, 1904-1907. Sept. 1907 : Senior Science Master, Tottenham County School, and Lecturer in Chemistry at Tottenham Polytechnic. Andrea Angel. J. E. Marsh. H. B. Baker. W. W. Fisher. R.de J. FZeming cStruthers. Coope,John Charles Jeaser, Bulawayo, Rhodesia, South Africa. Farmer. Diploma of the British Dairy Farmers’ Association for proficiency in dairying arid dairy farming ; National Diploma (of England) for proficiency in science and practice of dairying; is an ex-student of British Dairy Institute and University College, Reading. Proposes to carry on investigations in dairying and agriculture in South Africa.John W. Taylor. J. Augustus Voelcker. J. F. Blacksham. Fmdlc. J.Lloyd. C. W. Walker Tisdale. J. K. H. Inglis. E. A?.Hanson. Dunn, Frederick Percy, Haresfield, Chorley Wood, Herts. Research Studont at the Royal College of Science. Educated at the Mercers’ School ;completed the Associateship Course in Chemistry at the Royal College of Science ;Bachelor of Science (Lond.), Honours in Chemistry. William A. Tilden. James C. Philip. M. 0. Forster. G. T. Morgan. Taylor Cook. 43 Ferraboschi, Frederic, Clare College, Cambridge. Assistant Demonstrator at Cambridge University ; engaged in research. Late scholar of Clare College, Cambridge. Paper on ‘‘ A Double Sulphate of Guanidine and Aluminium ” (PTOC.Camb.Phil. Soc., 1908, p. 471). H. J. H. Fenton. H. 0. Jones. W. J. Sell. F. W. Dootson. J. E. Purvis. Fox, John Thomas, Glen Burn, Stollard Street, Clay Cross, near Chesterfield. A student and intending Science Master. Intermediate B.Sc., London, obtained two years ago last July, that is 1906. I have just finished a term of four years at the University College, Nottingham, the last two yearsof which have been occupied in preparation for the Honours B.Sc. in Chemistry of the London University, and I desire to follow the latest researches to continue the preparation. Fredk. Cowling. F. Stanley Kipping. Harry J. Unwin. R. 35.Caven. A. H. Salway. Francis, Arthur Gordon, 50, Whitbread Road, Brockley, S.E.Analyst in the Government Laboratory. Bachelor of Science (Hons.), London University. Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. Six years’ experience in the Government Laboratory under Dr. Tborpe, F.R.S., AXr. E. Grant Hooper, F.I.C., and Mr. W. T. Burgess, F.I.C. T. E. Thorpe. James C. Philip. E. Grant Hooper. G. T. Morgan. William A. Tilden. William T. Burgess, M. 0. Forster. Charles A. Keane. Furnell, John Thomas, Acacia House, 32, Grosvenor Park Road, Waltharnstow, Essex. Paint and Colour-Mill Room Manager ;practical experience extend- ing twenty-five years. Registered as Technical Teacher, City and Guilds of London Institute. Ten years Teacher at the Polytechnic, Regent Street, W., in Painters’ Colours, Oils, and Varnishes.Author of “Students’ Handbook” ;one of the Founders of the Paint and Varnish Society, London. J. Cruickshank Smith. C. Xordes Ellis Frank E. Weston. H. R. Ellis. William A. Colebourn. IV. H. Colliey. 44 Uortner, Ross Aiken, Iincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. Present Address : 430, West 118th Street., New York City, U.S.A. Fellow in Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City. B.Sc., Nebraska Wesleyan University, 1907. M.A., University of Toronto, 1908. Assistant in Chemistry, Nebraska Wesleyan University, 1904-6. Research Assistant in Chemistry, University of Nebraska, 1906-7. Assistant in Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1907-8. Fellow in Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City, 1908-9. Author of ‘‘Some Effects of Sunlight upon Colourless Glass,” Ant.Chem. Jcur., 157 (1908). Joint author of “Ueber Zwei Aromatische Nitrosoverbindungen,” Ber., 38, 1899 (1905). “The Condensation of the Three Xitranilines with p-Nitr oso-benzaldehyde,” Am. Chem. Jour., 36,510 (1906). ‘‘ The Molecular Weights of the Yellow Nitroso-compounds,” Am. Chenz. Jour., 32, 400 ( 1904). ‘l Soils of the Great Plains Region-The Third Steppe,” Am. Chena. JOUV.,37, 1 (1907). “The Detection of Bleached Flours,” Jour. Am. Chem. Xoc., 29, 1503 (1907). ‘‘ Studies on Some Soils from Sas-katchewan,” Am. Chem. Jour., 39,163 (1908). ‘(Some Esters of Arsenious Acid,” Trans. Chem, Xoc., 93,1364 (July, 1908). W. R. Lang. W. Lash Miller. W. H. Ellis. TiZZiam Ranzsay. IT. B. Tuck. Green, John Wilberforce, 22, Alwyne Road, Wimbledon.Science Teacher. Student under R. Meldola. Assistant to C. E. Cassal, F.I.C. Works Chemist at National Explosives Co. and at Kynoch’s, Ltd. Science Master at King’s College School, Wimbledon Common, for last six years (appointed by Council of King’s College, London). W. J. Atkinson ButterfieId. A. T. Cocking. Bert.rarn Blount. Harold G. Colmccn. J. H. Coste. Gwyer, Alfred George Cooper, Keate House, Durdham Down, Bristol. Chemist. B.Sc. (London) ; Ph.D. (Gottingen). 1905-7, 1851 Exhibition Science Research Scholar, Univ. Coll., Bristol. ‘‘ On the Comparison of the Platinum Scale of Temperature with the Normal Scale at Temperatures between 444” and -190” C.,” with Morris W. Travers, Proc.Roy. Xoc., 74 (1905), p. 528. ‘(Uber A1-Bi und Al-Sn 45 Legierungen,” 2s.f. anorg. Chem., 49 (1906), 311, ‘‘ Uber die Legier- ungen des Aluminiums mit Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Pb, und Cd,” 2s.J anorg. Chem., 57, (1908), 113. William Ramsay. J. C. Cain. Edward C. -Cyril Baly. H. E. Watson. R. W. Gray. Harland, Robert Main, 296, Willesden Lane, Willesden Green, N.W. AnaIytical Chemist and Assayer. In practice as Analytical Chemist and Assayer, under style of Harland & Brown, of 37, Lom-bard Street, E.C. C. T. Kingzett,. B. E. R. Newlands. R. C. Woodcock. Samuel RideaE. IT. R. Hodgkinson. Haworth, Walter Norman, M.Sc., Dacca House, Chorley, Lancs. Schunck Research Assistant in the Chemical Laboratories of the University of Manchester.Joint author of the following papers in the Journal of the Chemical Society : “Synthesis of Terpins, Terpineols, and Terpenes derived from Methyliso propylcyclopentanes ” (with Prof. W. H. Perkin), Trans., 1908, 93, 573; also “Experiments on the Synthesis of 1-Methylcyclohexylidene-4-aceticAcid. Part 11.”(with V. J. Harding and Prof. W. H. Perkin), Trans., 1908, 93. Harold B. Dixon. J. F. Thorpe. W. H. Perkin. G. H. Bailey. Norman Smith. Hayward, Eric, c/o W. R. Criper, Esq., Konnagar House, Konnagar, near Calcutta. Manufacturing and Analytical Chemist (of D. Waldie & Co., Calcutta). Student at Finsbury Technical College, 1904 to 1907. Eing’s College, London, 1907 and 1908. Passed the examination for A.I.C. John ill.Thomson.Henry R. Lyell. Herbert Jackson. Alf. Chaston Chapman. Patrick H. Kirkaldy. F. Guy Stirling Baker. 46 Higson, Frank, Ivy Bank, Castle Street, Haulgh, Bolton, Lancashire. Analytical Chemist. Assistant to Dr. Wagstaffe, M.Sc., F.I.C., Analyticnl and Consulting Chemist, Mane hester. R. L. Taylor. Stanley J. Peachey. T. M. Nightingale. James Ashton. C. A. Fogg. Hoseason, James Henry, Alderside, Timperley, Cheshire. Manufacturing Chemist. Partner and Works Manager, Hough, Hoseason & Co., Manchester. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Six years Lecturer in Pharmacy, Materia Medica, and Phnrm. Chemistry, Owens College, Victoria University, Manchester. Published various papers and notes of Pharmaceutical interest from the year 1889 on.W. H. Perkin. F. Stanley Kipping. G. H. Bailey. Francis J. H. Coutts. J. F. Thorpe. Wm. B. Cowie. Gilbert J. Fowler. Gerald Pinchbeck. B. Prentice. Hough, Ralph, 14, Longford Place, Victoria Park, Manchester. Manufacturing Chemist. Chemist and Druggist. Partner and Manager of Messrs Hough, Hoseason & Go., Manchester. Francis J. H. Coutts. Gerald Pinchbeck. Wm. B. Cowie. Gilbert J.Fowler. B. Prentice. Jackson, Robert Ernest, York Villa, Shepherds Lane, Dartford. Chemist in Factory (Wellcome Chemical Factory). Engaged in manufacture of medicinal chemicals, and desiring to keep in touch with modern progress in chemistry. H. A. D. Jowett. Frederic H. Lees. William C. Reynolds. Francis H. Carr. Frank Lee Pyman.Jeffery, John Hugh, 10, Daysbrook Road, Streatham Hill, London, S.W. Analytical Chemist. Student in Chemical Department, King’s College, London, during the Sessions 1905-S. Now Assistant to Mr. G. Cecil Jones, F.I.C. John M. Thomson. Patrick H. Kirkaldy. G. Cecil Jones. Henry K. Lyell. Herbert Jackson. Tom R. Greenough. 47 Jones, Henry Humphreys, lS, Colquitt Street, Liverpool. Teacher of Chemistry and Pharmacy at the Liverpool School of Pharmacy. Pharmaceutical Chemist. A. C. Abraham. J. H. Allan. J. W. Clayton. Prosper H, Marsden. ,4. W. Titherley. Keeble, Horace, Wereham, Stoke Ferry, Norfolk. Technical Chemist., Had experience in Sulphate of Ammonia Works ; now engaged at Sulphate of Ammonia Works (Destructive Distillation of Peat) at Wereham, Norfolk.Recently (extending over six months) conducted chemical research on peat in the laboratory of William Elborne, Esq., M.A., Public Analyst and Official Agricultural Analyst for Peterborough. F. W. Branson. Robert Wright. J. H. Gough, B. A. Burrell. William Kirkby. Thomas Fchirley. Leedham, Joseph, 176, Bromford Lane, West Brornwich. Analytical Chemist. Chemist to Messrs. Willingsworth Iron CO., Incorp. (1 908), Ltd., Wednesbury. Four years (articled) to Mr. J. Lones, F.I.C., Analyst to County Borough of Smethwick. Arthur Adams. F. H. Alcock. R,Lloyd Whiteley. Harry Silvestey-. E. W. 2’. Jones. McGillvray, John Emon, 15, Kegent Street, Hartlepool. Science Master. M.A. Degree (Edin.) ; 1st Class in Theor.and Practical Chemistry ; Inter. E.Sc. (Lond,) ;4 years Science Master, Pupil Teachers’ Centre ; Certificate classes, etc. Alex. Crurn Brown. J. Archyll Jones. J. W. Patterson. Geo. Fredk. Phillips. TV. H. Jccckson. Martin, William George, B.Sc. (Wales), Royal School, Armagh. Schoolmaster (Chemistry and Physics). Three years senior Science Nastier, Sandymount Presbyterian College, Dublin, Associate of 48 Univ. College of S. Wales and Monmouthshire ; B.Sc. (Wales). For 4 years Monmouthshire C.C. Technical Scholar. W. H. Cadman. H. M. Atkinson. A. O’Farrelly. Geo. A. Watson. James H. Pollok. May, Percy, 126, Caxenove Road, Stamford Hill, N. Research Student and Demonstrator in Chemistry at University College, London.Research Student and Demonstrator ; Tuff nell Scholar, etc., University College, LDndon. William Ramsay. R. W. Gray. H. E. Watson. A. W. Stewart. Samuel Smiles. N. T. M. Wilsmore. Morley, William Norton, 325, Brownhill Road, Catford, S.E. Chemistry Student ; after Jan., 1909, Schoolmaster. 2nd Class Honours Chemistry at B.Sc., 1908. Research Student and Demonstra- tor in Chemistry at University College, London ; just appointed an assistant master at Colfe’s Grammar School, Lewisham, and wish to keep in touch with the advance of Chemistry. William Ramsay. Edward C. Cyril Baly. J. Norman Collie. Samuel Smiles. E. de Barry Barnett. Painter, Frederick Hubert, B.Sc. (Lond.), Heatherbank, Alum Chine Road, Bournemouth. Teacher of Chemistry and Physics.Head Science Master and Lecturer in Chemistry and Physics at the Bournemouth Schools of Science and Art from Sept., 1896, to the present time. For several years previous to 1896 was engaged in private tuition in Chemistry, Arthur P. Luff. G. E. Scott-Smith. Fredk. Hudson-Cox. John Evans. John G. I3owarth. 8. Emest Jfelling. George Brownen. Wm. 15. Ximmom. Pickard,Joseph Allen, 3, West Kensington Terrace, W. Asst. Demonstrator in Chemistry at tbe Royal College of Science. Associate of the Royal College of Science, London (in Chemistry). B.Sc. London (Chemistry). William A. Tilden. James U. Philip. G. T. Morgan. W. Godden. M. 0.Forster. 49 Pope, Frank Geo., 28, Alcester Crescent, Upper Clapton, London, N.E.Assistant Lecturer, East London College (Chem. Dept.). Whole or part author of papers, Fmnsactions, 1896 (1265) ; 1897 ( 1084) ; 1898 (174); 1901 (1146); 1908 (532). Berichte, 1896 (2824); 1897 (1624). J. T. Hewitt. Edward”C. Cyril Baly. Clarence Smith. John Wade. M. 0Forster. Regan, Golston James,(‘Nestleton,” 14, Penerley Road, Catford, S.E. Student at University College, London. Inter. B.Sc. (London), 1906. Working in Laboratory at Univ. Coll. for two and a half years. J. Norman Collie. N. T. IT.Wilsmore. William Ramsay. Samuel Smiles. R. W. Gray. Charles M. Stuart. Robinson,Robert, M.Sc., Field House, Chesterfield. Research Student in Organic Chemistry, Manchester University (1851 Exhibition Scholar, 1906).Joint Author with Professor W. H. Perkin, F.R.S., of several papers in the Proceedings, and of the following memoirs in the Transactions : ‘‘Brazilin and Hsma-toxylin. VII.” (Transactions of the Chemical Society, 91, 1073-1 103) ; ‘‘Brazilin and Haematoxylin. VIII.” (Transactions of tbe Chemical Society, 93, 489-517) ; “Brazilin and Hzema-toxylin. IX.” (Transactions of the Chemical Society, 93, 1115-1162, with Dr. Paul Engels) ; ‘‘The Synthesis and Constitu- tion of Certain Pgranol Salts related to Brazilein and Hsmatein” (Transactions of the Chemical Society, 93,1085-1115, with M. R. Turner). Harold B. Dixon. G. €€.Bailey. W. H. Perkin. J. F. Thorpe. Norman Smith. Rogers, Herbert, Stenning House, Cobwell Road, Retford, Notts. Works Chemist.Received training in Chemistry at East London, West Ham, and East Ham Technical Colleges. Five year Assistant 50 Chemist to Western Electric Co., North Woolwich, and for two years past Chemist to the Northern Rubber Co., Retford, Notts. Francis Martin. rPesSey Lambert. H. H. Aslzdown. A. H. Mundey. A. E. Dunstan. H. Heron Smith. C. Schlienger, R.L,Smith. Sageman, Philip John, 160, Brecknock Road, London, N. Analyst, Government Laboratory. Seven years’ experience in Government Laboratory under Dr. Thorpe, F.R.S., and Mr. E. Grant Hoopor, F.I.C. Contribution (F~ans.Chem Soc., 1907) : ‘‘ Molecular Aggregation in Solution, etc.” (Holmes and Sageman). T. E. Thorpe. 11.0. Forster. E. Grant Hooper. James C. Philip.William A. Tilden. G. T. Morgan. Schulten,J. H. Charles, 4,Pollock Street, Calcutta. Proprietor of Analytical and Consulting Laboratory. Doctor Philosophiae, Erlangen, 1895. Dissertation : I‘ Beitriige zur Kenntnis fester Losungen ” ; (‘Manures : Their Action, Composition, and Use,” Gcwdening and Planting, 1902 ; ‘‘Soil Analysis,” PEanted Gazette, 1903; ‘‘New Method of Detecting Rosin in Shellac” (not yet published); in preparation : “The Use of Manures. ” Paul Briihl. W. H. Arden Wood. David Hooper. E. Sommerfeldt. TITilZiam Y’nte. Segaller, David, 69, Dover Road, Wanstead Park, E. Science Master, East Ham Technical College. A.R.C.S. (Dublin). Works Chemist of Mercerising Company, Macclesfield. Then Chemistry Master, Blackburn Grammar School.Now Science Master, East Ham Technical College. Studied with Prof. Lunge at Zurich. W. N. Hartley. W. 1%.Perkin, G. Lunge. W. H. Barker. W. J. Pope. A. E. Dunstan. 51 Steveneon,James Thomaa, 67,Surrey Street, Sheffield. Partner in the firm of A. H. Allen & Partners, Analytical Chemists. a. E. Scott-Smith. S. Ernest Melling. John Evans. Otto Hehner. J. Carter Bel2. Varley, Reginald Wells, Glenroy, 12, Mill Hill Road, Derby. Analytical Chemist. Fourteen years Analytical Chemist to the Leeds Forge Co., 25 years Chief Chemist to the Monkbridge Iron Co., 2 years Chief Chemist to the Fitzwilliam Hemsworth Co., 6 months Chief Chemist to the Clay Cross Go., and then engaged by Sir Francis Ley, Bart., as Chief Chemist to Ley’s Malleable Castings Co., Vulcan Ironworks, Derby ; sometime Lecturer in Metallurgy.Harry W. Dixon. B. A. Burrell. Harry J. Unwin. Herbert Eccles. Arthur W. Cooke. Warwick, Guy Ransom, 5 and 6, Fowkes Buildings, Great Tower Street, London, E.C. Consulting and Analytical Chemist, especially as applied to Brewing, Distilling, and Malting. B.A. degree Cambridge, Natural Science Tripos ;subjects : Chemistry, Physics, Botany, and Geology, Joint author of research on “The Influence of Light and Spectral Colours on the Sporulation and Vitality of Yeast.” Horace T. Brown. M. M. Pattison Muir. J. E. Purvis. A. Hutchinson. c. T.Heycock. West, Percy Charles Henry, 40,The Green, Norton, Co. Durham. Analytical Chemist. For three years a student in the laboratories of University College, London, during part of which period engaged in research; now and for the past five years engaged as works chemist.Contributor to technical journals. J. Norman Collie. N. T. M. Wilsmore. William Ramsay. Samuel Smiles. A. W. Stewart. Wild, Thorn--Jabez, Scott’s Laboratories, Southall, Middlesex. Pharmaceutical Chemist, Analyst., Member of the Pharmaceutical Society. For 2 years student at the Pharmaceutical Society’s School 5 2 (1898-1899) ;passed Minor and Major examinations. Attended lectures on Chemistry, and studied Practical Chemistry at above School under Professor Collie. For 2 years in Hong ICong, Assistant Government Analyst under Mr. Frank Browne, F.C.S. For 1 year in Hong Kong, Acting Government Analyst (1899-1902).For 5g years Analytical Chemist to Measrs. Scott & Browne, Ltd., Southall (May, 1903, to present date). Frank Browvne. William Forster. J. Norman Collie. Horace Finnemore. Arthur Lapworth. R. CLAY AND SONS LTD BREAD ST WlLL E.C., AND RUNGAY SUFFOLK
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9092500021
出版商:RSC
年代:1909
数据来源: RSC
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