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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 25, No. 360 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 25,
Issue 360,
1909,
Page 207-242
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摘要:
Issued 30/10/09 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. -__ Vol. 25. No. 360. The following are abstracts of papers received during the vacation and published or passed for publication in the Transactions : 188. The action of bromocyclohexane and of 4-bromo-l-methylcyclo-6‘ hexane on the sodium derivative of ethyl malonate.” By Edward Hope and W. H. Perkin, jun. (Trans., 1909, 1360.1 The authors have prepared ethyl cyclohexylmalonate and ethyl 1-meth~~lcyclohexyZ-4-malo~~ateby the abova reactions ;the properties of these substances and their derivatives are described. 189. 2 :3 :5-Trinitro 4-aminophenol and derivatives.”LL By Raphael Meldola and James Gordon Hay. (Trans., 1909, 1378.) This compound has been isolated by the careful hydrolysis of the acetyl derivative by means of sulphuric acid.It crpstallises from acetic acid in deep red needles decomposing at about 145’. The most important conclusion deduced from the study of the substance is that the loss of a nitro-group on diazotisation is primarily due to the mobility conferred by the presence of a methoxy-group, since the present compound, although highly nitrated and posqessing a nitro-group in a most favourable position for elimination, can be diazotised with the retention of all its nitro-group;, the diazonium snlphate 208 passing at once on dilution with water into 2 :3 :5-trinitroquinone-diazide : Y The 3-nitro-group of this compound is capable of being replaced by hydroxy- and alkyloxy-groups without the removal of the diazo-group.190. ‘(Colour and constitution of azo-oompounds. Part IV.” By John Theodore Hewitt and Ferdinand Bernard Thole. (Trans., 1909, 1393.) In order to obtain more insight into the relationship between con-stitution and selective absorption, the following bisazo-compounds oE relatively simple type have been prepared and examined. Benzeneazobenzeneazodimethylaniline, m. p. 190° (uncorr.), and its hydrochloride, C,,H,,N,,HCl ; o-tolueneazo-o-tolueneszodimethyl-aniline, m. p. 138O (uncorr.), and its hydrochloride, C,,H,,N,,HCl ; benzeneazobenzeneaxophenol,m. p. 180’ (uncorr.) ;benzeneazobenzene-azophenyl acetate, m. p. 178’ (uncorr.). The absorption of these substances in acid solutions has been examined for the visible part of the spectrum.The dimethylamino- compounds dissolve in concentrated sulphuric acid with a red colour, passing ta blue on dilution ; the blue solutions correspond with the salts of a mono-acid base. The phenolic compound dissolves iu con-centrated sulphuric acid with a fine purple colour, dilution producing complete hydrolysis. 191. ‘(The amygdalins. Part I.” By J. Wallace Walker and Vernon K. Krieble. (Trans., 1909, 1437.) The study of the action of traces of alkali on I-amygdalin, first ob- served by one of the authors (Walker, Trans., 1903, 83,472), has been continued, and a partial resolution of the racemised solution bas been effected The equilibrium between the different varieties has been found to be unaffected by changes in the concentration and nature of the alkali, or in the concentration of the amygdalin, or by temperature.The great difference in the action of emulsin on the several modifications shows, however, that a further change takes place in the racemised solution on heating, and renders it doubtful whether the crystalline material separated from the racemised solution contains d-arnygdalin or an isomeric substance. 209 192. b1 The action of the Grignard reagent on phthalic esters.” By Yiiji Shibata. (Trans., 1909, 1449.) The author has studied the action of the Grignard reagent on phthalic esters, and finds that, in spite of the close analogy of phthalic acid to succinic acid, the action of the Grignard reagent on phthalic esters differs from that on succinic esters in producing derivatives of phthalide, instead of glycols. More frequently, the reaction proceeds one step further, with the production of derivatives of phthalane.1 : 1-Dim&hyI -3-methyZenephthakane, 1 :1-diphenyl-3-phenylenephthalane, and 1:1-dibensyZ-3-benxyliden~phthffilarzehave thus been obtained. Of the various space formula proposed for benzene from time to time, that of Graebe, which represents Kekulb’s well known formula in space, accounts most satisfactorily for the results obtained in this investiga- tion. 193. 4L Constitution of hydroxyazo-compounds. Part 11, Action of mercuric acetate on benzeneazonaphthols.” Bg Alec Duncaa Mitchell and Clarence Smith. (Trans., 1909,1430.) In continuation of former work (Pram., 1908, 93, 842), the action of mercuric acetate on hydroxyazo-compounds of the naphthalene series in alcohol has been examined.Benzeneazo-/3-naphthol does not react with the salt, whilst benzeneazo-a-naphthol undergoes oxidation to Witb and Dedichen’s P/3-dinaphthyl derivative (Ber., 1897,30, 2660). When the @position contains a substituent, the oxidation is prevented and monomercuriacetates are formed. P-Benzeneazo-a-naphthol mercurhcetate, C6H,*N2*Cl,H5(0H)*Hg*CO2*CH,, m. p. 208’ (decomp.), is a red powder sparingly soluble in the usual solvents, except glacial acetic acid ;by prolonged boiling with the latter, the mercuriacetate group is replaced by hydrogen. 4-Nitro-Z-benzerze~ aso-a-naphthol msrcuriacetate, C6H5*N2*C,oHa(OH)(NOz)*Hg.C0,.CH,, m.p. 221-222’, is a dull red powder obtained from 4-nitro-2-benzene-aczo-u-nqhthol, m. F. 178-179’, which crystallises in dark red needlea and forms an acetate, M.p. 208O,crystallising in orange-yellow needles. 2 -Nitro-4-bmzeneazo-a-naphthoZnzercuriacetate is a lustrous, reddish- brown substance, which blackens on heating, but does not melt below 290’ ;it is obtained from 2-nitro-4-bei~zeneazo-a-napht~ol,m. p. 164O, which crystallises in orange-red needles, and forms an acetate, m. p. 173’, crystallising in red prisms. Bisbe~xeneaxo-a-naphtholmwczcri-acetate, (C,H,*N,)zCloH,(OH)*Hg~G02*CH~,m. p. 235-239’ (decomp.), separates from phenol generally as a dark purplish-brown mass, but on 210 '6 195.one occasion was obtained in black bronzy needles. 2' :4' :6'-Tri-bromo-2-mitro-4-benze~eazo-a-naphtiio1,p. 216", orange-yellow plates, m. 2' :4' :6'-tribromo-4-nitro-2-benxe~~,zeazo-a-r~ap~t~oZ, 215-2 16O,m. p. orange-red needles, and biu-2' :4 :6'-tribromobenzeneaxo-a-n,ap~~~ho~,m. p. 249-253O, a maroon powder, have also been prepared. 194. ''Preparation of the acyl derivatives of the aldehydecyano- hydrins. Part I,', By Francis Francis and Oliver Charles Mlinty Davis, (Trans., 1909, 1403.) It has been found that aromatic aldehydes readily react with acid chIorides in the presence of aqueous potassium cyanide to form the acyl derivatives of the corresponding cyanohydrins. The reaction may be generalised and expressed as follows : R*CHO+R'*COCl+ KCN -+ R*CH(O*COR').CN+ KCl.The action of phosphorus peatachloride on the methylene ethers of catechol derivatives. Part V. Derivatives of proto-catechuyl alcohol and protocatechuonitrile." By Arthur James Ewins. (Trans., 1906, 1482.) No dichloromethylene derivative can be isolated by the direct action of phosphorus pentachloride on piperonyl alcohol (Barger, Tvans., 1908, 93,567) ; the corresponding chloride, CH2:0,:C,H3*CH,Cl(Decker and Koch, Ber., 1905, 38,1739), however, readily yields 3 :4-di-cnloromethylenedioxybenzyl chloride, CCI,:O,:C,H,*CH,Cl, b. p. 154-156'/16 mm., which is transformed by formic acid into 3 :4-car-bonyldioxybenzyl chloride, CO:O,:C,H,*CH,CI, m. p. 57' (compare PLtuly and Alexander, Ber., 1909,42, 2350).By boiling 3 :4-carbonyl-dioxybenzpl chloridg with water, an impure crystalline catechol derivative free from chlorine was obtained (protocatechuyl alcohol ?j. By a similar series of reactions, piperonylonitrile yields successively 3 :4-dichloromethglenedioxybenzonitrile, CCI,:O,:C,H,*CN, b. p. 155-156'/15 mm., m. p. 76-77', 3:4-~arbonyldioxybenzonitrile, CO:O,:C,H,*CN, prisms from benzene, m. p. 112', and 3 :4-dihydroxy-benzonitrile (protocatechuonitrile), C,H,(OH),*CN, needles from wrtt or, m. p. 152O. By the action of phosphorus pentachloride on 3 :4-methylenedioxy-mandelamide, CH2:0,:C,H3-CH(OH)*C0.NH, (Barger ana Ewins, Trans., 1909, 95, 555), and boiling the product with formic acid, 3 :4-methylenedioxyphenylglyoxylonitrile, CH,:Op:CGHs*CO*CN, was obtained.21 1 The abnormal reaction between piperonyl alcohol and phosphorus pentachloride is due to the condensation, under the influence of phosphorus halides, of the piperonyl chloride first produced to a substance, C,,H,,O,, m. p. above 360°, which sublimes under diminished pressure, and is probably related to anthracene. Its formation ma>y be expressed by the equation : 2CH2:0,:C,H,*CH,Cl = CH,:0,:CGH,<CH2>CGH,: 0,:CH, + 2I-fC1. CH2 A crystalline nitro-derivative of the probable composition ~16H1004(~*2)2was obtained. 196. “The preparation of disulphides. Part VI. Note on a new method of preparing disulphides.” By Thomas Slater Price and Douglas Frank Twiss. (Trans., 1909, 1489.) Although alkyl thiosulphates do not react with iodine at the ordinary temperature, reaction readily takes place at higher tem-peratures, the corresponding disulphides being formed according to the equation : 2KO*S02*SR+ 2H20+ ‘I, = R2S2+ ZKHSO, + 2HI.The yield of disulphide is practically quantitative. The preparation of benzyl disulphide, o-nitrobenzyl disulphide, and dimethyl dithio-diglycollate is described. 197. ‘‘ Halogen derivatives of cinnamic acid.” By Thomas Campbell James and John Joseph Sudborough. (Trans., 1909, 1538.) Further experiments have been made on the addition of bromine to methyl and ethyl cinnamate. The action of alkalis on d-and Z-cinnamic acid dibromides and on methyl and ethyl aEZocinnamate dibromides has been studied, and also the action of various organic bases on cinnamic acid dibromide.Attempts have been made to resolve a-bromo- and a-bromo-cc2Zo- cinnamic acids into optically active components, but without success. 198. (( The conversion of pinene into sobrerol,” By George Gerald Henderson and Wilfred James Stevenson Eastburn, (Trans., 1909, 1466,) Not only the mixture of d- and Z-pinene obtained from American oil of turpentine, but also d-pinene and Z-pinene themselves yield the inactive modification of sobrerol when oxidised with aqueous mercuric 212 acetate by the method formerly described, and therefore optical inversion occurs in the process. Using the formation of sobrerol as a test, the presence of d-pinene in a specimen of Russian oil of turpentine has been proved, whilst a sample of Swedish oil of turpentine gave a negative result.199. Ii Influence of various sodium salts on the solubility of sparingly soluble acids. Part 11.” By James Charles Philip and Frederick Basil Garner. (Trans., 1909, 1466.) The work described in an earlier paper (Trans.,1905, 87,987) has been extended. In harmony with what was then found, the authors find that the weaker the acid from which the sodium salt is derived, the greater is the influence of the salt on the solubility of benxoic, salicylic, o-chlorobenzoic, and m-nitrobenzoic acids. It is further found that if of two sparingly soluble acids the weaker is also the more soluble, then under the influence of any sodium salt the solubility of the stronger acid is increased to a greater extent than that of the other.The experimental figures for the solubility are compared with those calculated by Noyes’ formula, ana the agreement between the two sets of values is generally good. 200. 66 Organic derivatives of arsenic. Part 11. Triamino-triphenylarsine oxide and tricamphorylarsinic acid.” By Gilbert T. Morgan and Frances M. G. Micklethwait. (Trans., 1909, 1473.) ~~iaminotriphecnylal.sineoxide, 0:As(C,H,*NH,),, was produced by condensing aniline and arsenious chloride in boiling benzene or toluene, and treating the mixture with aqueous alkali. Tricamphory~arsinic acid, (C,,H,,O),As(OH),, was isolated from the products of the interaction of sodium camphor and arsenious chloride.201. The estimation of arsenic in organic COII~POU~~S.’~ By Harry F. V. Little, Edward Cahen, and Gilbert T. Morgan (Trans., 1909, 1477.) The compounds were heated with sodium peroxide and sodium carbonate, the acidified aqueous extract of the fusion boiled with potassium iodide, and the arsenic precipitated as sulphide. The precipitate was re-dissolved in aqueous sodium hydroxide, and the solution treated with hydrogen peroxide. After aoidifying and 213 boiling to decompose the excess of peroxide, the reduction with potassium iodide was repeated, the liberated iodine boiled off, and the resulting arsenious solution neutralised and titrated with standard iodine solution. 802, ‘(A method of harmonising the atomic weights.” By James Moir.The author assumes the cause of valency to be the presence, in varying numbers, of a sub-element of atomic weight 11112, and regards the main bulk of the mass of the elements as due to polymerisation of an entity consisting of the hydrogen atom, less the above aggregation ;thus if the fraction 1/112 be represented by p, a bivalent element contains Zp, and denoting the entity referred to by H, the atomic weight of oxygen, for example, =16H+2. By the application of this idea, close agreement is found between the calculated and observed values for the atomic weights of the elements. 6‘203. The spontaneous crystallisation of solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium thiosulphate.” By Bernard Mouat Jones.(Trans., 1909, 1672.) The author has determined the conditions under which spontaneous crystallisation takes place in the systems sodium carbonate-water and sodium thiosulphate-water when solutions of these salts, freed from crystal nuclei, are slowly cooled (or warmed) with constant shaking in the presence of glass fragments. In the first system, solutions of concentration of from 0 to 48 parts of anhydrous salt to 100 parts of water, on cooling and shaking, give crystals of ice or decahydrate at definite temperatures. These give rise to well-defined supersolubility curves intersecting in a ‘‘hypertectic ” point at -7*6O, and running roughly parallel to the corresponding solubility curves. The solubility of the monohydrate has a negative temperature- coefficient, and saturated solutions therefore have to be warmed in order to bring about crystallisation of this salt.A supersolubility curve for this phase has been traced. At higher temperatures it becomes practically coincident with the solubility curve, since the latter is almost parallel to the temperature axis, Of the fourteen possible solid phases which may separate out from solutions of sodium thiosulphate, only two, ice and the secondary monohydrate, give rise to definite supersolubility curves. When dilute solutions of concentrations between 0 and 40 parts anhydrous salt to 100 parts of water are slowly cooled and shaken, ice separates out at definite temperatures. With concentrated solutions between concentrations of 179 and 255, under the same conditions, the secondary monohydrate always appears at definite temperatures.The spontaneons crystallisation of anhydrous salt, primary dihydrate, and primary and secondary pentahydrates has been observed in solutions kept at rest for long periods, 204. “The effect of contiguous unsaturated groups on optical activity. Part 11. Acids containing two adjacent ethenoid groups,” By Thomas Percy Hilditch. (Trans., 1909, 1570.) An effort has been made to determine the effect of two conjugated ethylenic bands on the optical activity of an organic compound by means of the study of active esters and salts of acids containing this system, together with their reduction products.Derivatives of muconic, sorbic, piperic, cinnamylidenemalonic, and the corresponding ap-and By-dihydro- and tetrahydro-acids have been examined in this way, with the following results : (1) In all cases the compound possessing two contiguous ethenoid linkings shows a very marked optical exaltation with respect to either the monoethylenic or the fully saturated acids. (2) As previously observed in other instances, the monoethylenic derivatives possess greater rotatory power than the saturated com-pounds, but the anomaly is of a much smaller order than that due to the conjugated system. (3) The phenyl group in the %position with respect to carboxyl appears to exert a depressing influence on optical rotatory power. (4) Adipic acid, although fully saturated, shows distinct exaltation of rotatory power in its optically active esters and salts.(5) Muconic acid derivatives, possessiDg a structure symmetrical with respect to the centre of the conjugated system, show the most enhanced anomaly of all. 4‘205. The effect of contiguous unsaturated groups on optical activity, Part 111. The normal series of fatty dibasic acids.” By Thomas Percy Hilditch. (Trans., 1909, 1578.) The dimenthyl esters and dibrucine salts of the acids from oxalic to sebacic inclusive have been prepared and examined polarimetrically in chloroform solution. The oxalic derivatives show a very pronounced exaltation of optical 215 activity; the malonic and succinic compounds show a depression below the normal value, similar to that previously noted in the case of formic and acetic acid compounds ; and, finally, adipic acid shows a distinct exaltation, although not so great as in oxalic acid.The glutaric compounds and derivatives of the higher acids are all approximately normal. It is suggested that, whilst the anomaly in the case of oxalic acid is obviously due to the contiguity of two carboxyl groups, the cause of the enhanced values of dimenthyl and dihrucine adipates may be the contiguity of the carboxyl groups in space, which, according to the usually accepted stereochemical views, would occur in adipic acid and its derivatives. 206. L6 The formation at high temperatures of some refractory metals from their chlorides.” By John Norman Pring and William Fielding.(Trans., 1909, 1497.) The authors have investigated the reactions whereby some refrac- tory metals can be prepared by exposing the vapour of their volatile chlorides to electrically heated carbon rods or filaments. With tungsten chloride, used alone, under diminished pressure, decomposition took place in contact with the carbon rod at tempera-tures between 1200O and 1500°, and with molybdenum, below 1300°, forming adherent deposits on the rods of the pure metals. Above these temperatures the carbides resulted. In presence of small quantities of water vapour, the metals were always obtained free From the carbides. Boron and silicon were obtained from their chlorides by exposing these together with hydrogen to t.he heated carbon rods.Pure crystalline silicon was obtained at temperatures between 1700’ and 1850’. A thin protective layer of the carbide which first formed on the rod prevented carbonisation of the subsequent deposit, until, at a temperature of about 1900°, the carbide alone resulted. With boron, the deposit always consisted of the carbide (B,C), which was formed at temperatures between 1800O and 2000O. Some approximate photometric measurements were made on the radiating properties of the metal-coated rods. A very large increase in the luminosity for a given power-expenditure was observed with tungsten and molybdenum, amounting to about three times that of the carbon, whilst very little difference was produced by the deposits of silicon and boron carbide.216 207. "The formation and rections of imino-oompounds. Part X. The formation of imino-derivatives of pyrrole and of isopyrrole from amino-nitriles." By Stanley Robert Best and Jocelyn Field Thorpe. (Trans., 1909, 1506.) The authors have discovered that open-chain compounds having an amino-group in the y-position with respect to a nitrile group, pass on treatment with sodium ethoxide into derivatives of pyrrole in accordance with the scheme : It is also found that those ketoneP, derived from these imino-compounds, which have a carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen, doubly linked outside the ring, tend readily to pass into the isomeric compound having the bond in the ring, the two compounds being mutually convertible the one into the other.This is shown by the following formuls : CH(CO,Et)*FH, hot water* C0,Et C(CN):C<NII tco +--alkali. Pyrrole form, m. p. 129". isoPyrrole form, m. p. 109". and also CH,. ?ITs hot water. CH,*yH,C02Et C(CN ) :C<NH-co +-+ CO,Et*CH(CN)*C<N-CO . alkali. Pyrrole form, m.p. 181". isoPyrrole form, m. p. 145". 208. "The atomic weight of chlorine." By Robert Whytlaw G-ray and Frank Playfair Burt. (Trans., 1909, 1633.) The value for the weight of a normal litre of hydrogen chloride resulting from twenty-one experiments is 1.63915 grams, Lat. 45'. The value previously published (PToc.,1908, 24, 215) was slightly too low. Two volumes of hydrogen chloride, when decomposed by red-hot aluminium in a specially constructed apparatus, were found to yield 1.0079 volumes of hydrogen, the gases being measured at Oo and 760 mm.Eight experiments were made, and the maximum deviation was 1 part in 5000. The atomic weight of chlorine calculated from these numbers, 217 assuming that the atomic weight of hydrogen is 1,00762 (Morley) and that the density of hydrogen is 0.0898’73 gram per litre at 0’ and 760 mm., Lat. 45O, is 35.469 ; 0 = 16. The authors have also measured the form of the pv isothermal of hydrogen chloride at Oo between the pressure limits of 800 and 160mm. The amounts of gas absorbed by the glass surfaces of the apparatus at different pressures were experimentally determined, and the observed pv values were corrected.Similar measurements with oxygen were also made in the same apparatus, Graphic extrapolation gave for the mean coefficient of comprewibility between 1 and 0 atmosphere pressure at Oo : for oxygen.................. A’, = 0*000964, ,, hydrogen chloride ... A’, = 0’00748, for the molecular weight of hydrogen chloride on the oxygen standard, 36.469, and for the atomic weight of chlorine, 35.461. The value of the atomic weight resulting from the volumetric analysip, namely, 35.459, is thus confirmed. It is hencr, concluded that 35.460 is a close approximation to the true atomic weight of chlorine. 209, isoQuinoline derivatives. Part 11. The constitution of the reduction products of papaverine.” By Frank Lee Pyman. (Trans., 1909, 1610.) Qoldschmiedt (Monatah., 1886, 7, 485; 1898, 19,324) obtained by the reduction of papaverine a crystalline base melting at 200-201° which he termed “tetrahydropapaverine,” together with an amorphous base from which no crystalline derivative wag obtained.The author has shown that this amorphous base is identical with the isotetrahydropapaverine ” obtained by Freund and Beck (Ber., 1904, 37,3321) by the reduction of papaveraldine, and is in reality tetrahydropapaveim. It forms crystalline salts of the formula C,,H,,O,N, HX, and yields an N-benxoyl derivative, which gives on oxidation a new base, 6 :7dimethoxy-3:4dihydroisoqzcinoline. The methochloride of this is identical with 6 :7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3 :4-dihydroisoquinolinium chloride, a salt obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid on 4 :5-dimethoxy-2 -P-methplaminoethy lbenzalde- hyde (prepared by the oxidation oE laudanosine : compare Pyman, Trans., 1909, 95, 1266).Further proof that the amorphous base is tetrahydropapaverine is afforded by the fact that it yields laudanosine on nie thyla tion. Analyses of Goldschmiedt’s so-called ‘‘tetrahydropapaverine ” and its derivatives show that this base has the formula C,,H,,O,N, and is in reality 1;2-cEihydvopapccverim. 218 210. "Direct proofs of the presence of the hydroxyl group in derivatives of anhydroacetonebenzil." By Francis William Gray. The author has succeeded in acetylating benzylideneanhydroacetone- benzil (I) and /3/3-dimethylanhydroacetonebenzil (11) with acetic yPh==== cH>co $lPh=== CH CPh(OH)*C( :CHPh) CPh(OH) .CMe, >GO (1.1 (11.) anhydride containing sulphuric acid.For the formation of an acetyl derivative of the anhydroacetonebenzil series, it is essential that both hydrogen atoms of the methylene group should be displaced, but in the case of benzylidene-a-methylanhydroacetonebenzil,YPh==-= CMe CPh(OH)*C( :CHPh)>co' no acetyl compound but a dehydration derivative is obtained. Direct proof of the presence of the hydroxyl group in a-methyl-anhydroacetonebenzil and in benzylidene-a-methylanhydroacetone-bend was afforded by the preparation of their ethyl ethers. The conclusion is drawn, that ethyl ethers can be obtained by the method used (boiling with ethyl alcohol and sulphuric acid) only with com-pounds in which the hydrogen atom of the CH group of anhydro- acetonebenzil is displaced by a methyl group.211. Isomerides of anhydroacetonebenzil and its derivatives." By Francis William Gray. The acetyl derivatives of PP-dirnethylanhydroacetonebenzil and benzylideneanhydroacetonebenzil (see preceding paper) on hydrolysis give isomerides of these compounds. The reactions may be repre- sented as follows: >GOYPh-CH CPh(OH)*CMe, Acetylation. t >coCPh---CH CPh(0Ac) BCMe, I (m. p. 181".) (m. p. Hi".) >GO$?Ph=C(0H) CHPh- CMe, Acetylation. Hydrolysis. -_ -- + vPh:C(OA c) CHPh*CMe,>'' (m. p. 155-:56".) (m. p. 92*5".) 212. The constitution of glucose derivatives. Part 11. Condensa-tion derivatives of glucose with aromatic amino-compounds." By James Colquhoun Irvine and Robert Qilmour.(Trans., 1909, 1545.) In continuing their previous work (Trans.,1908, 93,1429) on the constitution of sugar derivatives, the authors have condensed glucose 219 with a number of aromatic nmino-compounds, obtaining mutarotatory stereoisomeric forms of glucose-p-toluidide, glucose-P-naphthylamide, glucose-p-phenetidide, and glucose-o-carboxyanilide. The compounds mentioned undergo mutarotation comparable in every way with that shown by glucosennilide, for which the y-oxidic structure has been established by a synthetical method. The results indicate that all the compounds must be similarly constitut.ed, and that, so far as the cases examined are concerned, the normal condensation of glucose with amino-acids or bases consists in the elimination of water from the amino-group and the hydroxyl group attached to the terminal carbon atom of the sugar molecule. The following compounds were isolated in pure stereochemical forms : a-Glucose-p-toluidide : anhydrous prisms, [CCE+ 181.9O -+ -45.0.P-Glucose-p-toluidide : needles containing 1H,O, [u]: -97.6" -+ -45.2;plates contnining &H,O, [a]: -94.6O -+--47-3. /I-Glucose-pphenetidide : needles containing 1H,O, [a];0 -96.2' -+ -38.3. ~-Glucose~-napAthyZan-lids: needles containing 1H,O, [a]: -1 18.7" -+ -48.1. a-GZucose-o-carboxganiZide: needles con taining 1H,O, [a]kO + 8'7.4" -3+ 14.5. 213. The relation between viscosity and chemical constitution.Part IV. Viscosity and hydration in solution." By Albert Ernest Dunstan and Ferdinand Bernard Thole. (Trans., 1909,i~m.) The authors have determined the viscosity-concentration curves for the binary systems composed of water and methyl, ethyl, and propyl alcohols, and acetic acid respectively at different temperatures. They confirm the results of previous investigators, and discuss the nature of the mixtures of maximum viscosity, particularly with respect to the temperature-coefficient of viscosity. 214. Some derivatives of Z-benzoin." By Henry Wren, (Tram., 1909,1583.) d-Mandelamide and &benzoin have been isolated and found to agree in their properties with Z-rnandelamide and Z-benzoin. A number of optically active derivatives of Z-benzoin have also been prepared.215. Racemisation phenomena observed in the study of Z-benzoin and its derivatives." By Henry Wren. (Trans., 1909,1593.) It has been shown that 1-benzoin and its methyl ether readily racemise under the action of potassium hydroxide or sodium ethoxide, 220 this being probably due to a desmotropic change within the molecule. &Benzoin etbyl ether was found to be partly, and carbanilido-Z-benzoin completely, racemised by heat, whilst under the action of benzoyl chloride at a rather high temperature, of aniline at looo, and of a saturated solution of hrdrogen chloride in alcohol at a temperature not exceeding 40°, Z-benzoin has been converted into derivatives of r-benzoin.Finally, methyl Z-mandelate has been found to undergo partial racemisation during its conversion into E-mandelamide by the action of alcoholic ammonia. The acetylation of Z-benzoin-a-oxime has also been effected. 216. Diketodiphenylpyrroline and its analogues.” By Siegfried hhemann, (Trans., 1909, 1603.) The author has continued his work on the interaction of the sodium derivatives of aioroat ic amides with ethyl phenylpropiolate (Trans., 1909, 95, 984), and has prepared a number of analogues of SO--COdl ketodipheny 1pyrroline, CPh :CPh>NH. These substances have a deep colour, which varies from dark red to brown and black, and have the property in common that they dissolve in dilute alkalis to yield blue solutions, which, however, rapidly turn yellow.They resemble, therefore, isatin, and, like this form, phenjlhydrazmes and oximes. In this connexion the author has examined the behaviour of phenylcarbamide and p-tolylcarbamide towards ethyl phenyl-propiolate, and has found that this reactioq unlike that in which carbamide is used, does not give ri e to cyclic compounds, but colour- less acp 1 derivatives of carbamide, for example, phenylpropiolylphenyl- carbam ide, C,H,*CiC*COONH*CO NH-C,H,. 217. (‘The synthesis of acridines : tetramethylacridines, dimethgl- naphthacridines, naphthaquinacridines, diquinacridines.” By Alfred Senier and Arthur Compton. (Trans., 1903, 1623.) By further employment of the methcds described in a previous paper (Truns., 1907, 91,1927), the authors have obtained 2 :3 :7 :8-tetramethykacl.idiiie, and also the corresponding 9 :lO-dimethy@heno-N-ar-’ -naphthucridine and 9 : 1O-dimethylplwzo-ICH-a C H-P-nctphthacridine. The chief object of this inquiry, however, was to prepare acridines with heterocyclic wings, and three heterocyclic acridines, namely, 6-7-6 a-y-6 5-CH-5-dipuinacridine, p-c-5 -nuphthaquinacridine, and p-3J-6 Q-cH-5-naphtl~aquirtacridilze,have been isolated by the use of aminoquinolines. 221 The diquinacridine described is the first known member of a group of tmen ty-one possible isomeric diquinacridines derived from ordinary quinoline, and, similarly, the two naphthaquinncridines belong to a group of heterocyclic acridines of which eighteen members are t'heoretically possible.All these compaunds, containing as they do the acridine fluorphoric group, exhibit marked fluorescence. When dissolved in the usual organic solvents, the ultraviolet waves are so reduced in refrangibility that they appear in the blue, whereas in solution in glacial acetic or concentrated sulphuric acids they are reduced as far as the green, or even yellowish-green, portion of the spectrum, Thursday, October 21st, 1909, at 8.30 p.m., Professor HAROLDB. DIXON,F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. D. F. Blyther and G. J. Woods were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Jehangir Dhanjishaw Anklesaria, A hmedabad, India. James Alexander Hadden Armstrong, Dumisa, Natal. Donald William Elsom Barker, 2, Hope Street, Wrexham.Harold Baron, B.Sc., 21, Underhill Road, East Dulwich, S.E. Sbanley Robart Best, M.Sc., Hope Villa, Wellington Road, Whalley Range, Manchester. Hubert Frederick Bottomley, The Ced Ars, Wavertree Road, Swth Woodford. Henry Sham Breakspear, B.A,, 20, Walton Well Road, Oxford. Oskar K. H. Burger, Ph.D., 4, Mission Row, Calcutta. Fmnk Ward Bury, B.Sc., Lyndale Cottage, Darweu. William Edward Callister, B.Sc., The Rowans, Onchan, I.O.M. William Gordon Carey, Wyngarth, Harpenden. Lakshami Chand, B.A., B.Sc., c/o Messrs. Ramchand and Bulaki Namdan Sahni Street, Benares, U.P., India. James Ferguson Damson, B.Sc., Glencoe House, Tarbert, Loch Fyne, N.B, Alfred Charles Dmningham, B.Sc., 28, Victoria Road, Northwich.Edward Charles Edgar, D.Sc., Dalegarth, Romiley, Cheshire. Alfred Edge, Ravenhurst, Clayton Bridge, Manchester. 222 Frederick Watson Edwards, 64,Coppice Side, Swadlincote. Arthur James Ewins, B.Sc., 7, Towton Road, West Norwood, S.E. George Peters Forrester, 69, Beck Strasse, Darmstadt. William Adolf Freymuth, Rangoon, Burma. Otto Furstenhagen, 28, Schlesische Strasse, Berlin. George Pomeroy Furneaux, B. A,, Harbour View, Brixham, a. Devon. Henry Dent Gardner, jun., M.Sc., Fairmead, The Goff s, Eastbourne. Victor John Harding, M.Sc., Lonsdale Terrace, Whitefield, Manchester. Arthur John Harvey, 88a, East India Dock Road, Poplar, E. Robert Douglas Hendry, 3, Glebe Terrace, Alloa.William Cudmore McCullagh Lewis, M.A,, Garmoyle, Bangor, Ireland. Carl Olof Lundholm, 2, Eton Avenue, Hnmpstead, N.W. Roland Victor Norris, M.Sc., 1, Howe Street, Higher Broughton, Manch es ter. Charles Proud, 12, Chancellor Road, Southend-on-Sea. Walter Ritchings, M .Sc., S9, Rosehill Road, Burnley. Pindi Das Sabherwal, Bhera, Pun jab. Manindra Sinha, B.A., St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta. Spencer Boyd Cortis Stanford, Glenwood, Dalmuir, Dumbartonshire. Guy Stephenson, Alexandra Terrace, Crook, Go. Durham. George Bertram Stones, M.Sc., Bank Villas, Tyldesley, nr, Mane hesfer. James Thallon Strachan, 10, Nelson Street, Sunderland. Hubert Sanderson Tctsker, B.A., Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Joseph Grantley Tingle, Nauru, Mars hall Islands, Central Pacific.Henry Thomas Tizard, B.A., 23, Geneva Road, Kingston-on-Thames. Herbert Turner, B.Sc., 217, Middleton Street, Moss Side, Manchester. Nikolai Waliaschko, Hohenzollernstr, 12, 11, 1, Leipzig. Charles Weizmann, Ph.D., D.Sc., 57, Birchfields Road, Rusholme, Manchester. Herbert Ernest Williams, 70, Wellington Road, Charlton, Kent. Roland Francis Young, c/o Taquah Mining and Exploration Co., Tarkwa, Gold Coast. Professor WILLIAMA. TILDEN, D.Sc., F.R.S., then delivered the Mendelbeff Memorial Lecture, at the conclusion of which a, vote of thanks was proposed by Sir EDWARDTHOBPE,C.B., F.R.S., seconded by Sir W~LLIAM K.C.B., F.R.X., and carried by acclamation. RAMSAY, 223 218. ('Carthamine." (Preliminary note.) By T.Rarnetaka and Arthur George Perkin. Carthamine, the red colouring matter of sa@ower (Carthamuus tirzctoricc), was first isolated by Schlieper (Annalen, 1846, 58, 362) as a red, amorphous powder possessing a cantharides iridescence, and to this he assigned the formula Cl,H1607. Radcliffe (J. Xoc. Dyers, 1897, 13, 158) obtained carthamine from safflower extract as red, irides- cent needles melting at 168-169' (provisional), but did not analyse this product. The authors corroborate the work of Radcliffe, but regard the compound he prepared as a salt of carthamine, rather than the free colouring matter itself. They find that the crystalline substance is most readily obtained from the extract by means of pyridine and water, but that an elaborate purification is necessary to obtain a pure compound free from calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts.It forms red, iridescent needles, which, when dried at llOo, are exceedingly hygroscopic and are decomposed at about 228-2330'. Analyses indicate that the formula of carthamine is probably C,,H1,07 (Found : C=58.16 ;H=4*87). On fusion with potassium hydroxide, carthamine gives p-hydroxybenzoic acid, as stated by Malin (Annalen, 1865, 136,117), but in the pure condition the dyestuff appears to be much more stable than has been previously suggested. 219. (6 A theory regarding the configuration of certain unsaturated compounds; and its application to the metallic ammines and the cinnamic acids." By Sarah Martha Baker.According to the author's theory, if there is sufficient attraction between the other atoms joined to a nitrogen atom and that to which it is doubly bound, there are two possible isomerides, namely, the iien 8' isomeride, in which the other atoms are grouped round the double bond, and the "ex )'or symmetrical isomeride. This theory has been extended to phosphorus, sulphur, and finally, in rare cases, to carbon compounds. To represent the metallic ammines, it is assumed that the ionisable acid groups are connected to the metal through a chain of one or more *NH,*groups; but that the non-ionisable acid groups are directly joined to the metal, and, in most cases, prevented from undergoing ionisation by having an NH, group also attached, thus : *M-X:NH,.Wherever the grouping *X:NH, occurs there is a possibility of isomerism. An attempt was made to deduce the configuration of the ji?auo-and croceo-cobalt salts in terms of this theory. Applying the same principles to the three cinnamic acids, it was shown that, if ordinary cinnamic acid is represented as “ex ” fumaroid, isocinnamic acid as “ex ” maleoid, and allocinnamic acid as ‘‘en” maleoid cinnamic acid, many of the anomalies in their behaviour are explicable. 220. ‘‘The relation between the chemical conotitution of monoazo- dyes and their fastness to light.” By Edwin Roy Watson. The author puts forward the theory that the fading in light of an azo-dye is due to the oxidation of that part of the molecule which contains hydroxy- or amino-groups, and that the fastness of such a dye is increased by introducing into the phenolic or arylamino-part such other groups as will reduce the tendency to become oxidised.221. “The influence of gaaeous oxides of nitrogen on the rate of interaction of chlorine and hydrogen.” By David Leonard Chapman and Patrick Sarsfield MaclKahon. It was shown that the brown gas resulting from the interaction of nitric oxide and chlorine-presumably nitrogen peroxide -inhibits the union of hydrogen and chlorine in the light. The inhibitor is slowly absorbed by the chlorine water in the actinometer, and as itis removed the electrolytic gas gradually recovers its original sensitiveness ;the removal of the last trace of inhibitor appears to be facilitated by the action of light.The retardation observed with nitrous oxide WLS so small that the authors conclude that this gas behaves as a diluent only. In this respect it resembles nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 222. Estimation of small quantities of ferrous iron by potassium permanganate in the presence of hydrogen chloride.” By John Albert Newton Friend. The author has recently shown (Trans., 1909, 95, 1228) that, if certain precautions are rigidly observed, ferrous iron may be accurately estimated by titration with N/lO-permanganate in the presence of any concentration of hydrogen chloride not exceeding 44. Experiments have now been performed in a similar manner with NI25-permangan- ate and correspondingly smaller quantities ol iron.The results are given in the table, the volume titrated being in each case 200 C.C. : 225 --0.5 gram 1-0 gram 2.0 grams MnS0,,5H20. MnSO,, 5H,O. MnSO,, 5H20. Concentra-tion of Titre Titre Titre Titre hydrogenchloride. in C.C. EZMnO,. Error, C.C. in C.C. KMnO,. Error, C.C. in C.C. KblnO,. Error, C.C. in C.C. KMnO,. Error, C.C. nLlm .. 23.58 - 23-45 - 23.78 - 23.78 - in/8 .. m/4 .. 3rnf8.. 23-86 23-90 23.96 0.28 0'32 0-38 23-52 2357 23.60 0.04 0.09 0'12 23-79 23.83 23.87 0.01 0.05 0.09 23-78 23.80 23-85 0.00 0.02 0.07 m12 .. 24.12 0.54 23.80 0.32 23.93 0.15 23.88 0.10 The most satisfactory titrations were those obtained in the presence of from 1 to 2 grams of manganous sulphate, when the concentration of the hydrogen chloride did not exceed 44.In general it was found that 1 gram of manganous sulphate was preferable to 2 grams, as, in the latter case, the end-point is less permanent, and with larger quanti- ties is fugitive and therefore uncertain. As the presence of manganous sulphate slightly affects the value of the titration of ferrous sulphate in the absence of hydrogen chloride, it is important to standardise the permanganate with ferrous sulphate in the presence of the same amount of manganous sulphate as will be used in the hydrogen chloride solution. The chief difficulty is to recognise the end-point, but with a little practice results sufficiently accurate for most purposes can be obtained in daylight, as is evident from a consideratmionof the above table.Commercial permanganate gave equally good results as the specially pure salt. 223. {' The mutarotation of glucose and its nitrogen derivatives." By Robert Gilmour. The author showed that the optical behaviour of the glucosepheayl- hydrazones (Behrend and Lohr, Annalen, 1908, 362,78) brings them into line with glucose-anilide, p-toluidide, and other similar compounds which possess the y-oxidic structure. On the analogy of the relationship between the specific rotations of the glucoses and the methylglucosides, the value for a-glucose-p- toluidide can be calculated (a, + 226O), and the calculated value is not widely different from the value found experimentally (a, + 181O).The values for a-glucose-p-phenetidide and -P-naphthylamide have been similarly calculated. The fact that tetramethyl glucoseanilide has the rotation uD +224' lends support to the idea that a-glucoseanilide has also a high dextrorotiztion, since it is known that the introduction of four methoxyl groups into the glucose residue has little effect on the optical rotatory power. It is suggested that the glucosephenylhydrazones possess the y-oxidic structure, and should thus exist in not more than two stereoisomeric interconvertible forms, having rotations of aD +224O and -87O respectively, The author considers that the mutarotation of glucose and its nitrogen derivatives is due to the presence of a labile hydrogen atom (shown in heavy type) which is not directly united to carbon, H IH*C*O*H ’ H*C*N*C,H,’ and that the change occurs through the intermediate formation of an unstable aldehydic form.It seems probable that, under ordinary conditions, the y-oxidic form of glucoseoxime is the more stable; but that under a particular set of conditions, the aldehydic form may be the more stable. 224. I4 The Solubility of bismuth trisulphide in alkali sulphides and of bismuth trioxide in alkali hydroxides.” By Joseph Knox. The author finds that dried precipitated bismuth sulphide dissolves in solutions of both sodium and potassium sulphides, and that the solubility increases rapidly with the concentration of the alkali sulphide. The solubility in potassium sulphide is rather greater than in sodium sulphide of the same concentration.The addition of alkali hydroxides to the alkali sulphide solutions greatly increases the solu- bility of bismuth sulphide. In a solution of sodium disulphide the solubility of bismuth sulphide is about one-third of that in the corre- sponding strength of the monosulphide, whilst in solutions of ammonium sulphide and of alkali hydrosulpbides and hydroxides, bismuth sulphide is insoluble. From these facts it is shown that the solubility of bismuth sulphide in alkali sulphide solutions must depend on the formation of a complex anion with the sulphur ion of these solutions. Bismuth trioxide dissolves to a slight extent in alkali hydroxides, the solubility being approximately proportional to the concentration of the alkali hydroxide.Towards strong bases it therefore behaves as the anhydride of a weak acid, but to a much less extent than the corresponding oxides of arsenic and antimony. 225. Substituted amides of tartaric acid.” By Kate Maud Jackson and Allen Neville. The following new substituted amides of tartaric acid have been obtained, and as some of them illustrate the influence of constitution on the rotatory power of substances, their specific rotations are recorded. 227 Two determinations of the rotatory power of each substance were made, 1 per cent. solutions in pyridine being used : Melting point. [u];5”. [ Tartarodi-o-anisidide ............... 180” 155.71 558.25 155.83 560.78 Tarlarodi-1’-anisidide ...............about 250 205 ‘80 740.88 Tartarcdi-p-xylidide ..............209” (with dccomposition) 203’60 148.87 149‘61 732.96 529-97 532.61 Tartarodi-m-4-xy lidide ............ 179 201.16 199.98 716.12 711.93 Tarlarodi-J,.cumidide .............. 240 (with decomposition) 168.42 168-66 646.73 647’65 The substances were in all cases prepared from ethyl tartrate and the amine by heating to about 150’ on an oil-bath for several hours. It will be seen that, in the case of the anisidides and xylidides, as in the case of similar isomeric compounds described by Frankland and Slator (Trans.,1903, 83,1349), the effect of constitution is very marked. In the case of para- and ortho-compounds, the para has here, as in previously-described compounds, the higher rotatory power, whilst in the xylidides the m-4-compound has a considerably greater rotatory power than the p-compound. Attempts have been made to prepare similar compounds from the different nitroanilines, but so far without success.226. A volumetric process for the estimation of tungsten.”‘6 By Edmund Knecht and Eva Hibbert. The process is based in the first instance on the well-known fact that tungstic acid. is reduced by zinc and hydrochloric acid to tungsten dioxide, which, in presence of excess of acid, yields a clear light brown solution. If now a solution of a ferric salt be added, the dioxide is oxidised to the trioxide. The eud-point is perceived by the dis- appearance of the intense blue colour of the intermediate compound corresponding with tungsten pentachloride, the reaction Fe,O, + WO, =2Fe0 +WO, being quantitative.It is thus possible to estimate tungsten volumetrically in presence of iron. Potassium thiocyanate may also serve as indicator, but does not offer any particular advantage. 227. “The volumetric estimation of mercury, and the estima- tion of silver in presence of mercury,” By Joseph Knox. The thiocyanate method of Rupp and Kraus (Bey., 1902, 35,2015) for the estimation of mercury in a solution of mercuric nitrate has been tested, and found to be both rapid and accurate. The author showed that the estimation of silver by Gay-Lussac’s method in presence of mercuric nitrate (by Rupp and Kraus’ method) is impracticable, and described a volumetric method which depends on the solubility of silver chloride in pottxssium cyanide, but the gravi- metric estimation of the silver is recommended as being more accurate and convenient.The accuracy of the latter method has been proved in a considerable number of deturminations, in which the quantity of mercuric nitrate present was varied greatly, 228. The rapid electro-analytical deposition and separation of metals. Part 111.” (Preliminary note.) By Henry Julius Salomon Sand. A method for the analysis of alloys of copper and tin by electrolysis has been described by A. Fischer (Zeitsch. E’lektrochem.,1909, 15,591), in which an acid tartrate solution is employed in a similar manner as in the copper-bismuth separation given by the author (Trans., 1907, 91, 395).It is stated by Fischer that the tin exerts a retardiog influence on the copper, necessitating a higher pDtentia1 for the complete deposition of the latter than in solutions from which tin is absent. In the experiments now described, however, no retarding action due to the tin has been observed. The copper may be precipitated completely from boiling solutions at an auxiliary potential of 0.60 volt, just as in the absence of tin. On the other hand, when chlorides are present, these exert a retarding influence varying with the amount of the chloride. This is due to the htermediate production by the current of more or less complex, very slightly dissociated cuprous compounds, which require a high potential for their reduction.The explanation of Fischer’s result is to be sought, not in the presence of the tin, but in the fact that it was added by him as stannic ammonium chloride. The author has separated copper from antimony under similar conditions to those employed for bismuth. The antimony should be present for the greater part in the antimonic state. In the analysis of an alloy, a suitable solution is obtained by employing a hot mixture of dilute nitric and tartaric acids as a solvent, and afterwards neutralising the free mineral acid. 229. Some mercury derivatives of camphor.” By James Ernest Marsh and Robert de Jersey Fleming Struthers. A detailed description was given of work of which a preliminary account has already appeared (PTo:., 1907, 23, 246 ; 1908, 24, 267).229 230. ‘(The reduction of perchlorates by titanous salts.” By Edmund Knecht. In a recent paper by Rothmund, the reduction of perchlorates by titanous sulphate is discussed, and a method is described for the qusntitutive estimation of perchlorates, which is based on the complete reduction of the perchlorate by titanous sulphate, followed by the estimation of the resulting chloride by Volhard’s process. Rothmund states that it should be possible to effect the estimation of perchlorates by ascertaining, by titration with iron alum, the amount of titanous sulphste that has been oxidised, but no experimental data are given. Criticising Rotbmund’a results, Stahler maintains that the latter procedure is liable to give rise to serious errors, since, according to his finding, boiling alone is sufficient to convert some of the titanous into titanic salt.It is now shown that, under suitable conditions, accurate results can be obtained by first reducing the perchlorate with titanous chloride, and then titrating back with standard iron alum, using potassium thiocyanate as indicator. For the successful carrying out of the titration, it is necessary to use the titanous chloride in a concentrated form and to acidify strongly with R mixture of sulphuric and oxalic acids. 231, Further syntheses of p-hydroxyphenylethglamine,”I‘ By George Barger and George Stanley Walpole. The isolation of p-hydroxypheny lethylamine, OH*C,H,*CH,*CH,*NH,, an active principle of ergot, WM recently described (Barger, Tram., 1909, 95, 1123), together with its preparation by the reduction of p-hydroxyphenplacetonitrile; two other syntheses have now been carried out.First, benzoylphenylethylamine, C,H,*CH,*CH,*NHBz,is nitrated, the p-nitro-compound is reduced, the amino-compound converted into the hydroxy-compound by the diazo-reaction, and the benzoyl group is finally removed by heating with acids; instead of the benzoyl, the corresponding acetyl and benzylidene derivatives may be emploj ed. Secondly, p-methoxyphenylpropionamide, Me~wC,H,*CH,*CH,*COoNH,, is prepared from anisaldehyde ;Hofmann’s reaction then furnishes 230 p-methoxyphenylethylamine,from which the methyl group is eliminated by heating with acids. A number of intermediate compounds were also described.232. ‘6 The constitution of hgdroxyazo-compounds. Part 11.” By William Bradshaw Tuck. The absorption spectra of the o-hydroxyazo-compounds and their ethers have been compared with ortho-substituted phenols in which the substituting group contains a double bond in a position analogous to the double bond in the hydroxyazo-compounds. The effect of progressively increasing the degree of unsaturation attached to the azo-benzene nucleus has been investigated. The results obtained confirm the conclusions previously arrived at, and also indicate the reason for the apparently large difference between the absorption spectra of hydroxyazo-compcunds and those of their sodium salts.233. ‘‘ Optically active substances containing no asymmetric atom. l-Methyl~ycZohexylidene-4-aceticacid.” By William Henry Perkin, William Jackson Pope, and Otto Wallach. A detailed description was given of work of which a preliminary account has already appeared (this vol., 83). 234. isoQuinoline derivatives. Part 111. The oxidation of substituted 1-benzyltetrahgdroisoquinolines.” gy Frank Lee Pyman. The results obtained by the oxidation of narcotine, hydrastine, laudanosine, N-benzoyltetrahydropapaverine, tetrahgdropapaverine, N-ethyltetrah ydropapaverine, N-propyltetrah ydropapaverine, 1-benzy1-hydrocotarnine, 1-ethylbydrocotarnine, 1-propylhydrocokarnine, and 1-benzyl-2-methyltetrahydroisoquinoline appear to justify the follow- ing general conclusions : (I) That substituted 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinolinessuffer oxida-tion and fission simultaneously under the influence of hot dilute sulphuric acid and manganese dioxide, yielding the aldehyde corre- sponding with the substituted benzyl group, and a basic degradation product.(2) That in the case of substituted 1benzyl-2-alkyltetrahydroiso-quinolines, the basic product is a substituted 2-P-al kylaminoethyl- benzaldehyde, which yields salts of the corresponding 2-alkyl-3: 4-dihydroisoquinolinium hydroxide. 231 (3) That in the case of substituted 1-benzyl-2-acyltetrahydroim-quinolines, and 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines containing a free imino-group, the basic product is a substituted 3 :4-dihydroiso-quinoline.(4) That substituted 1-alkyltetrahydroisoquinolinesdo not undergo this type of change. 235. (( Contributions to the theory of t3olutions.” Ry John Holmes and Philip John Sageman. The authors have investigated the changes in volume which occur on mixing methyl iodide with ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and acetone. The couclusion is drawn that acetone is aggregated in a similar manner to the n-primary alcohols, and that methyl iodide possesses twice this complexity ;this conclusion receives support from the proportions of methyl iodide in admixture with the lower primary alcohols which exhibit a maximum absorption of heat. Aniline and ethyl acetate are also found to be aggregated similarly to the %-primary alcohols.It is found that the change in volume produced on gradually neutralising a base with an acid is directly proport,ional to tho quantity of salt formed. The results of the investigation tend to the conclusion that physical forces only are operative in solution, and that theories requiring electrolytic dissociation or combination of solvent with solute are unnecessary for understanding many of the phenomena common to aqueous and non-aqueous mixtures. 236. 6L The constitution of polynitrophenols in alkaline solution.” By Bertram Haward Buttle and John Theodore Hewitt. The absorption spectra of 2: 4-and 2 : 6-dinitrophenols in acid and alkaline solution have been examined, and whilst the latter gives solutions showing absorptious similar to those of o-nitro-phenol, solutions of the 2 :4-ieomeride show more resemblance to p-nitrophenol.The conclusion is thus drawn that 2 :4-dinitrophenol gives para- rather than ortho-quiuonoid salts. Picric acid, being a very strong acid, is nearly completely ionised in dilute aqueous solution, the absorption spectrum produced by an aqueous solution of the acid being practically identical with that of the sodium salt, but differs very markedly from that given by 2 :4:6-trinitroanisole. Attention was drawn to the influence exerted on nitro-groups attached to aromatic nuclei by other nitro-groups in the meta-position, 232 46237. The preparation of disulphides. Part VII. The nitrobenzyl mercaptans and disulphides.” By Thomas Slater Price and Douglas Frank Twiss.By the hydrolysis of the three sodium alkyl thiosulphate compounds, the coiresponding 0-, m-, and p-nitrobenzyl mercaptans have been pre- pared. By oxidation with iodine the corresponding disulphides were obtained. The properties of the disulphides prepared in this way agree with those of the compounils obtained by the action of alkali on the sodium nitrobenzyl thiosulphates (Trans.,1908, 93, 1402). The method of preparation of p-nitrobenzyl disulphide given by Strakosch (Ber., 1872, 5, 692) was investigated and showu to yield a mixture of the monosulphide, disulphide, an? mercaptan. The substance described by Strakosch as the disulphide appears to have been a mixture of the disulphide and mercaptan, and the compound described by him as the mercaptan was really the impure monosulphide. The melting points of the nitrobenzyl mercaptans are : ortho, 29.5’ ; meta, 14’; and para, 52.5’.These are slightly different from those given by previous observers, the discrepancies being probably due to traces of disulphide in the mercaptans previously obtained. Gutmann’s recent results (Bey., 1909, 42, 228) on the action of acids on sodium and potassium ethyl thiosulphates were discussed, and shown to be in accordance wit’h the usually accepted constitutional formula for sodium thiosulphate. 238. ‘(A colorimetric method for the estimation of small quantities of vanadium.” By Arnold William Gregory. The method is based on the colour reaction which takes place when a solution of vanadium in concentrated s,ulphuric acid is added to a solution of strychnine in the same acid.A violet colour is first formed, and this changes to orange. As the latter colour is quite permanent, and is proportional to the quantity of vanadium present, a comparison of the colour produced with that given by a known amount of vanadium under similar conditions indicates the amount of vanadium present in the solution tested. This test is not given by titanium, tungsten, or molybdenum, nor does their presence in relatively large quantities interfere with the formation of the colour given by vanadium. Tho presence of iron interferes with the reaction. This element must therefore be removed before the test can be applied.233 239. u Chlorination and bromination of acylanilides. A direct process.” (Preliminary note.) By Xennedy Joseph Previt6 Orton and William Jacob Jones. In the chlorination (or bromination) of‘ acylanilides, the chloro-amines, Ar*NCl*Ac, are not intermediate steps, in the sense that they are first formed, and then change by an intramolecular rearrangement into the chloroacylanilides. The substitution of hydrogen in the benzene nucleus of anilides is rather the result of a direct interaction of chlorine (or bromine) and anilide. In the conversion of a chloro-amine into the isomeric anilide under the influence of hydrochloric acid, the presence of which is essential, the chloroamine first reacts with hydrochloric acid, thus : Ar*NCl*Ac+HC1 Ar*NH*Ac+Cl2 (Orton and Jones, Trans., 1909, 95, 1456) ;then the free chlorine and the anilide interact.Among the mass of evidence which the authors have accumulated in favour of the above statement, the following will serve as an illustration. In a solution of acetylchloroamino-p-chlorobenzeneand hydrochloric acid (concentration of each =0.025 gram-molecules per litre) in 50 per cent. acetic acid, in which about 1.2 per cent. of the total chlorine is free, the formation of 2 :4-dichloroacetanilide is about twice as rapid as the formation of p-(and o-)chloroacetanilide in a similar equimolecular system composed of acetylchloroaminobenzene and hydrochloric acid, in which only a trace of free chlorine is found.Yet in a system composed of acetylchloroamino-p-chlorobenzene, acetanilide, and hydrochloric acid in the same medium, the acetanilide only is chlorinated; 0-and p-chloroacetanilides are formed, but no 2 :4-dichloroacetanilide. The speed of the change is about six times that of the system composed of acetylcbloroaminobenzene and hydrochloric acid. On the assumption that the formation of the monochloroacetanil- ides is from the chlorine (set free from the acetylchloroamino-p-chloro-benzene) and acetanilide and not through the chloroamine of acetanilide, it should follow, since no 2 :4-dich!oroacetanilide is produced, that the rate of interaction of chlorine and acetanilide is very large relative to that of chlorine and p-c hloroace tanilide.Comparative measurements made in glacial acetic acid, where only chlorine and anilide but no chloroamine are present (Zoc. cid.), show that the chlorination of acet-anilide is about 160 times as speedy as that of p-chloroacetanilide. From this view of the process of chlorination, it follows that the velocity is given by k. C(anilide) .C(cblofine) ,. but since the equilibrium ,-$cbloroarnine) 2 (hydrochloric acid) =K .C(aniiide) ,$chloride) holds (Orton and Jones, lot. c&), the velocity equals k .C(chloroamiue) 2(hydrochloric acid) /K. Since the concentration of hydrochloric acid remains constant during the con- version of the chloroamine into a chloroanilide, the velocity of con-version in a system in which the proportion of chlorine and anilide is small (dilute acetic acid) is proportional to the original concentration (C) of the chloroamine, and =k .C (ch’oroalnil’e) , Const./R;that is, the reaction is apparently unimolecular. When the proportion of chlorine and anilide is small, and ah the same time the hydrochloric acid, the concentration of which is varied, is in excess, the speed of the transformation is approximately proportional to the square of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used in the system. In Blanksma’s observations on the transformation of acetylchloroaminobenzene, in which a considerable excess of hydrochloric acid was used, the reaction was found to be apparently unimolecular, and the speed proportional to the square of the concentration of the hydrochloric acid.When the above limit- ations are not imposed, the present measurements show that the reaction is not apparently unimolecular and the speed is not approxi- mately proportional to the square of the concentration of the hydro- chloric acid, but is in accord with the proposition laid down in the foregoing. When chlorine and an anilide interact, two changes occur, namely, the formation of a C-chloro-derivative, an irreversible change, and the formation of an N-chloro-derivative, a reversible change. With the great majority of anilides, when the acetic acid medium is sutficiently dilute, the latter reaction is the more rapid; the equilibrium above mentioned is attained, which is only slowly displaced by the formation of the C-chloro-derivative.In the case of acetanilide, however, chlorination in the nucleus is faster than in the imino-group. It is suggested that the peculiar influences of amino-, imino-, and hydroxy-groups on substitution ili the benzene nucleus are largely due to the possibility which their presence offers of the transient formation of highly reactive 0-and pquinonoid phases of the benzene nucleus. 240. The benzyl and nitrobenzyl selenosulphates and the benzyl and nitrobenzyl diselenides.” By Thomas Slater Price and Lionel Manfred Jones. In a preliminary note (Proc., 1908, 24, 134) the preparation of benzyl diselenide from sodium selenosulphnte and benzyl chloride has been described. An attempt to extend this method of preparation to the nitrobenzyl diselenides wae not successiul until the sodium seIenosulphate was replaced by the potassium salt.The diselenides were prepared from the alkyl selenosulphates either by the action of iodine or by electrolysis in a divided cell after potassium hydrogen carbonate had been added to the solution 235 (compare Price and Twiss, Trams., 1907, 91, 2021). The iodine; method was the most general one, the reaction taking place qunntita- tively at the ordinary temperature, according to the equation : 2KO*S02SeR+2H20+I, =R,Se, +2KHS0, + 2HI. This reaction was made use of in the analysis of the selenosulphates. Benzyl and also the p-and m-nitrobenzyl diselenides could be prepared by the electrolytic method, but not the corresponding ortho- compound.The potassium benzyl and nitrobenzyl selenosulphates are all crystal- line compounds, which are fairly readily soluble in water ; the solutions give no precipitate with barium chloride. The p-nitrobenzyl compound possesses a slight creamy tinge, the others being colourless. The diselenides are all more or less yellow, crystalline compounds, their melting points being : benzyl, 92-93'; nitrobenzyl : ortho, 103.5'; meta, 106' ;para, 107.5". Both the selenosulphates and the diselenides undergo decomposition with liberation of selenium on exposure to diffused daylight. The benzyl compounds are the least stable, turning red in a few hours. Exposure of one or more days is necessary to affect the nitrobenzyl compounds, the meta being the most stable.241. '(The action of ammonia on the glycide aryl ethers. Part I. o-Tolyloxypropanolamines." By David Runciman Boyd and [in part] Herbert S. Knowlton. GZycide o-tolyl ether, O<bH2CH*CH2*0'C7H7,an oil boiling at 134*5O/14 mm.,has been prepared, and the action of aqueous ammonia on it has been investigated, Three bases have been isolated, namely, /I-amino-p-o-tolyloxpiso-propyl aZcoIiol, CloH,,02*NH,, m. p. 33-60', b. p. 177'/11 mm.; dihydvoxy-di-o-tolyloxgdipropylacmine,(CloH1302)2NH, m. p. 117-5', and trih ydroxy-tri-o-to Zyloxytripropy lamine, (CloH1302)8N,m. p. 83-84'. Various derivatives of these bases were described. 242. ('The action of potassium hydroxide on epichlorohydrin in presence of monohydric phenols." By David Runciman Boyd and Ernest Robert Marle.A criticism of Zunino's paper (Atti R. Accad. Lincei, 1909, [v], 18, i, 254). The following new compounds were described : glycerol dithymyl ether, 0H*CH(CH2*0*C,,H,,),,m. p. 41-5-42', b. p. 270'/28 mm., and glycide thymyl ether, O<(?H'CH*o*C10H13, b. p. 15S0/16 mm. CH2 236 243. "Reactivity of the halogens in organic compounds. Part 111. Interaction of bromoacetic, a-bromopropionic, and a-bromobutyric acids and their sodium salts with water and with alkali." By George Senter. The results of the velocity measurements are summarised in the accompanying table, in which k in each cam represents the initial velocity, in iV/lO-solution at 52*4O, of the reaction represented by the equation below which it is placed.The numbers in brackets give the relative initial velocities of the reactions under equivalent conditions, referred to the slowest-the reaction between bromoacetic acid and mater-as unity. CH,Rr*CO,H +H,O. CHMeBr'C0,H f H,O. CHEtBr'C0,EI -I-H20. k =0.000085 0*00017 0 '00022 PI 121 [2-61 CH2Br.C0,Na +H20. CHMeBr'C0,Na +H20. CHEtBr'C0,Na +H,O.k= 0~00010 0.0014 0'0026 P.21 [I61 11301 CH,Br'C02Nn +NaOH. CHMeBr*CO,Na +NaOH. CHEtBr'C0,Na -i-NaOH. k=0.0065 0~0009 0.0007 [761 191 I181 CH2Br*C0,H-I-AgNO,. CHMeRr'C0,II +AgNOS. CHEtBr'C0,H -I-AgNO,.k=0*0064 0'48 1'44 "161 157001 [17 0001 As regards the mechanism of the chemical changes, the main reaction for those of the first type probably takes place between non- ionised acid and non-ionised water.In the case of the sodium salts and water, the experimental results are best accounted for on the assumption that the anion loses a bromine atom along with the negative electron, thus : R*CHBr*COO -+ R*CH*COO+ Br', the residue immediately uniting with water to form the hydroxy-acid. The main reaction with the sodium salts and sodium hydroxide takes place between the anions R*CHBr*COO' (where R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group) and OH' ions. The comparatively slow reaction between these ions (as contrasted with the rapidity of ester hydrolysis) is probably due to repulsion between the negative charges on the two groups. The results with silver nitrate are provisional, and these reactions will be discussed in a later communication. 244."Ethyl ether. Part I. The influence of water and alcohol on its boiling-point.'' By John Wade and Horace Finnemore. Ether as usually purified is not homogeneous, and is resolvable into two physical constituents by accurate fractionation. The more volatile constituent contains water that has escaped the ordinary 237 drying agents, and under suitable conditions may be isolated as a binary mixture of ether and water, having a constant and minimum boiling-point, 34*15O (corr,), and containing about 1.3 per cent. of water. At the ordinary temperature this binary mixture is practically a saturated solution of water in ether; it has been found incidentally that the solubility of water is approximately constant at 0.013 gram per gram of ether between 20' and 15', and then decreases to 0.009 gram per gram at lo', the lowest temperature examined.The less volatile constituent obtained on fractionating ordinary ether is approximately pure ether, b. p. 34.50' (corr.). In presence of alcohol the boiling point may be appreciably raised, by an amount varying with the proportion of alcohol in the still ;the highest observed was 34.73' (corr.). There is no evidence, however, of the formation of a definite physical mixture, for although a very appreciable amount of alcohol passes over with the ether, this may be gradually eliminated by repeated fractionation, Alcohol has a similar influence on the boiling point of the binary aqueous mixture, and when ether containing both water and alcohol is fractionated, indications of a third physical con- stituent are sometimes obtained.This, however, is not duo to the form- ation of a binary mixture of ether and alcohol, nor to that of a ternary mixture of all three substances, but is probably caused by the elevation in the boiling point of the binary aqueous mixture as the concentration of the alcohol increases. The mutually opposing influences of water and alcohol on the boiling point of ether render constancy of its boiling point as determined in the ordinary manner usoless as a criterion of purity. 245. 16A method for the measurement of vapour pressures." By Alexander Charles Cumming. A solution or hydrate is kept at constant temperature in an evacuated glass vessel, and the vapour tension measured by a dew-point method.In the apparatus described, a silver cylinder is cooled slowly and the temperature noted at which dew appears on the silver surface. The corresponding vapour pressure is then obtained by reference to a table of vapour pressures of the pure solvent. With attention to certain details, the method mas found to be convenient and accurate. The vapour pressures of different concentrations of sulphuric acid at various temperatures were determined, and the results were found to be in good accord with the values given by Regnault and by Sorel. A few measurements of the vapour tensions of salt hydrates were also made. The method has the marked advantage over the differential tensimeter method that no error is introduced by small amounts of residual air in the apparatus.238 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Abderhalden, Emil. [Editor.] Handbuch der biochemischen Arbeitsmethoden. Vols. I. i., 11. i. pp. iv+ 512, 496. ill. Wien 1909. (Recd. I /9/09.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Urban & Schwarzenberg. Accum, Predrick. A practical treatise on the use and application of chemical tests. 3rd edition. pp. 527. ill. London 1820. (Red 10/7/09.) From Dr. J. McCrae. Biltz, fleinrich, and Biltz, Wilhelm. Laboratory methods of inorganic chemistry, Authorised translation by William T.Hall and Arthur A. Blanchard. pp. xv + 258. ill. New York 1909. (Recd.26/6/09.> From the Publishers : Messrs. John Wiley & Son. Cavalier, J. Leqons sur les alliages mdtalliques. pp. xix+466. ill. Paris 1909, (Recd. 1/9/09.) From the Author. Caven, Robert Martin. Systematic qualitative analysis. pp. xii + 240. London 1909. (Becd. 12/10/09.) From the Author. Clowes, prank, and Coleman, J. Bernard. Quantitative chemical analysis. 8th edition. pp. xxiv +565. ill. London 1909. (Red 25/9/09.) From the Publishers : Messrs. J. & A, Churchill. Gadd, H. Wippell. The poisons and pharmacy act, 1905. With notes. pp. 55. London 1909. (Recd. 24/7/09.) From the Author. Horn, Geoiy. Area Mosis, sive Historia Mundi. pp. [xxxiv]+ 200 +[xx]. Lugd. Bat. & Roterod. 1668. (Recd. 10/7/09.) From Dr. J. McClrae. Jago, WiZZkrm.A manual of forensic chemistry dealing especially with chemical evidence, its preparation and adduction. Based upon a course of lectures delivered at University College, University of London. pp. viii + 256. London 1909. (Recd. 8/10/09.) From the Author. Lewkowitsch, Julius, Chemical technology arid analysis of oils, fats, and waxes. 4th edition. 3 vols. pp. xx +542, xii + 816, viii + 407. ill, London 1909. (Recd. 24/6/09.) From the Author.. Osborne, Thomas B. The vegetable proteins. pp. xiii + 125. London 1909. (Recd. 16/10/09.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co, Ville, G'eoyges. Artificial manures : their chemical selection and scientific application to agriculture. New edition, revised by Sir Wdliam Crookes and John Percival.pp. xxxviii + 347. ill. London 1909. (12ecd. 21/7/09.) From Sir William Crookes, 239 11. By Purchase. Eibner, A. Malmaterialienkunde als Grundlage der Maltechnik. pp. xxiii +480. Berlin 1909. (Recd. 16/6/09.) Lunge, Georg. Handbuch der Soda-Industrie und ihrer Nebenz- weige. Vol. TI. 3rd edition. (Bolley’s Handbuch Neue Folge, 16.) pp. xviii +868. ill. Braunschweig 1909. (Recd. 26/6/09.) Spiegel, Leopold. Chemische Konstitution und physiologische W irkung. (Sammlung, Vol. xiv.) Stuttgart 1909. Teichert, Kurt. Methoden zur Untersuchung von Milch und Molkereiprodukten. (Die chemische Analyse, Vol. viii & ix.) Stuttgart 1909. ITI. Pamphlets. Auerbach, FnkZrich, and Pliiddemann, Wemer. Massanaly tische Bestimmung von Ameisensaure und ihren Salzen.(From the Arbeiten K. Gesundheitsamte, 1909, 30.) Barschall, He~mann. U ber Krabbenextrakt. (From the Arbeiten K. Gesundheitsamte, 1909, 30.) Baur, Emil. Uber die Bestimmung des Zuckers im Fleisch. (From the Arbeiten, K. Gesundheitsamte, 1909, 30.) Bongiovanni, Corrado. Sulla ricerca microchimica del fosforo nei vegetali. (From the Atti R.Istituto Veneto, 1907-08, 67.) -Nuovi modi di colorazione delle formazioni fosfornte vegetali. (From Le Stux. sper. agrar. ital., 1909, 42.) Bradley, V. P., Browne, A. W., and Hale, C. F. Effect of mechanical vibration upon carbon dioxide near the critical tempera- ture. 11. (From the Physical Review, 1908, 26.) -Liquid above the critical temperature.(From the Physical Review, 1908, 27.) Breinl, A., and Nierenstein, N.* Zum Mechanismus der Ktoxyl-wirkung. (From the Zeitsch. InzmunitKtsforsch. exp. Z’JLerap., 1909.) Brode, Johunnes, and Lange, TPiZlteZm. Beitrage zur Chemie des Essigs mit besonderer Berucksichtigung seiner Untersuchungaver-fahren. (From the Arbeiten K. Gesundheitsamte, 1909, 30.) Collins, X.H. On the difference between duplicates as a measure of error. (From the Proc. Univ. DurAam Phil. Xoc., 1908-9, 3.) Curtius, Theodor. Die Enthiillung des Bunsen-Denkmales. pp. 40. ill. Heidelberg, 1908. Dezani, Sera$no. Lecitine e colesterine contenute nello sperma e nelle ovaie del tonno. (From the Giorn. R. Accad. Med. Torino, 1909, 15.) Donris, Roger. Sur la tiodine. (From the Bull.Sci. pharm., 1908.) 240 Evans, Sons, Lescher, and Webb, Ltd. Analytical notes. 1908. pp. 48. Fischel, Alfred. Uber Beeinflussung der vitalen Nervenfarbung durch chemische Agentien. (From the Zentr. Physiol., 1908, 22.) Fischer, H. Waldemar, and Bobertag, 0. Zur Theorie der rever- eibelen Sole. (From the Jahrsb. SchZes. Ges. vaterland. Cuclt. Naturwiss. Sek., 1908.) Fulda, W. Die Absorption des Schwefeldioxyds in Wasser. (From the Arbeiten K. Gssundheitsamte,1905, 30.) Qallo, NicoZG. Dei correttivi dell’ aciditA e di un nuovo metodo per la determinazione dell’ acidith volatile libera nei vini. (Prom Le Stax. sper. agrar. ital., 1909, 42.) Haanel, Eugene. Report on the iuvestigation of an electric shaft furnace, Domnarf vet, Sweden, &c.(Canadian Department of Mines.) pp. 38. ill. Ottawa, 1909. Haensel, Heinrich. Bericht, April-September, 1908, Oktober-Marz, 1908-09. pp. 83, 82. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. Report for the year 1907. pp. 65. Calcutta 1909. Laqueur, E. Uber die Wirkung von Qasen auf die AutoIyse mit Rucksicht auf ihre Beeinflussung des Sbof-fwechsels. (From the Schrifterc. Physik.-okonom. Ges. Eonigsberg i. Pr., 1909, 50.) -Uber die Wirkung des Arsens auf die Autolyse. (From the Schrijten. Physik.-Gkonom. Ges. Konigsberg i. PY.,1909, 48.) Loeb, Leo, Fleisher, 8. M., and Hoyt, D. M. ober den Einfluss von Calciumchlorid auf die Bildung von Transsudaten. (From the Zentr. Physiol., 1908, 22.) Mameli, E., and Patta, A.Sull’ acido para-iodiofenilarsinico e sull’ ioduro di para-iodiofenilarsenico. (From the Boll. SOC.Me&-Chirurg. Pavia, 1909.) Martindale, W. Harrison. Organic arsenic compounds. A commu- nication to the International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1909. Pharmaceutical chemistry section. pp. 11. London 1909. Metropolitan Water Board. Fourth report on research work. By A. C. Houston. pp. 18. London 1909. Report on the results of the chemical and bacteriological examination of the London waters for the twelve months ended 31 March, 1909. By A. C. Houston. pp. 42. London 1909. Nelson, J. M,, and Falk, K. George. The electron conception of valency in organic chemistry. (From the School of Mines Quarterly, 1909, 30.) New Zealand, Department of Agriculture.Chemistry division. Report, 1908. pp. 322. ill. Wellington 190s. Noll, A. Uber Fettsynthese im Darmepithel des Frosches bei der 241 Fettresorption. (From the Archiv. Anat. PfLysiol., Physiol. Ab6lg. suppz.,1908.) Perotti, Xeizato. Su lx nutrizione azotata della pianta a mezzo ddlo sostanze amidate. (From La Stax. sper. qrar. ital., 1908, 41.) Qnartaroli, A. Conlributo a110 studio dei fosfati, delle loro isomerie e delle trasformazioni che essi subiscono nel terreno. (From the Staz. sper. ag?*ar.ital., 1909, 42.) Richardson, Clzford. Bituminous materials for use in and on road surfaces, and means of determining their character. pp. 11. New York 1909. -Asphalt macadam roadways. pp. 6. ill. New York 1909. Richardson, Cliford, and Forrest, C.N. Methods for the exami- nation of bituminous materials for road construction as practised in the New York Testing Laboratory. pp. 8. New York 1909. Rohland, P. Uber das Verhalten von suspendierten Stoffen im Kristalloid und Kolloidzustand. (From the Physik.-chsm. Centr., 1908, 6.) Schall, C. Zur Demonstration der Absorption farbloser Losungen im Ultraviolett. (From the Zeitsch. physikd. &em. Unter., 190s.) Uber Zersetzung yon l'etrachlorkohlenstoff dampf im elek-trischen Hochspannungs-Lichtbogen. (From the Zeitsch. physikal. chem. Untev., 1908.) Schimmel & Co. Semi-annunl report, November, 1908. Bericht, April, 1909. pp. 233, 133. Transvaal Government Laboi*atc+ries. Annual report for the year 1907-08.pp. 30. Pretoria 1909. West Indies, Imperial Departmmt of Agriculture. Sugar-cwe experiments in the Leeward Islands. Two parts. pp. iv + 76, iv + 22. Barbados 1909. 242 RESEARCH FUND. h Meeting of the Research Fund Committee will be held in December next. Applications for Grants, to be made on forms which can be obtained fiom the Assistant Secretary, must be received on, or before, Monday, 6th December, 1909. All persons who received grants in December, 1908, or in December of any previous year, whose accounts have not been declared closed by the Council, are reminded that reports must be in the bands of the Hon. Secretaries not later than Wednesday, 1st December. The Council wish to draw attention to the fact that the income arising from the donation of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is to be more or less especially devoted to the encouragement of research in inorganic and metallurgical chemistry.Furthermore, that the income due to the sum accruing from the Perkin Memorial Fund is to be applied to investigations relating to problems connected with the coal tar and allied industries. At the next Ordinary Scientific Meeting on Thursday,November 4th, 1909, at 8.30 p.m., the following papers will Le communicated : ‘‘Dynamics of the reaction bebween iodine and acetone.” By H. M. Drtwson and Miss M. S.Leslie. “ The formation and reactions of iaiino-compounds. Part XI. The formation of 1-imino-%cyanocycZopentana from ndiponitrile.” ByJ. F. l’horpe. ---__ --It. CLAY hND SOKS, LlD., BRE\D ST. HILL. E.C., AND BUKOAY, RVFE‘0T.K.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9092500207
出版商:RSC
年代:1909
数据来源: RSC
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