|
1. |
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 25, No. 353 |
|
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 25,
Issue 353,
1909,
Page 65-79
Preview
|
PDF (913KB)
|
|
摘要:
Iawd 12/3/09 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. 26. No.353. I Thursday, March 4th, 1909, at 8.30 p.m., Sir WILLIAMRAYSAY, K.C.B., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. A. G. C. Gwyer, R. E. Jackson, G. T. Morgan, W. N. Morley, C. 8. Mummery, C. J. Regan, M. S. Salamon, and A. W. Stewart were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Harry Livsey, 54, Pemberton Street, OId Trafford, Manchester. Robert Cecil Owen, B.Sc., 89, Foregate Street, Chester. Norman Scott Rudolf, M.Sc., Bangalore, India. Henry Llewellgn Smith, B.Sc., 23, Ellingham Road, Shepherd’s Bush, W. Arthur Percy Strohmenger, Bridgebank, Harrow-on-the-Hill. George Bilderbeck Walker, Vale House, Trafalgar Road, Greenwich, S.E.Dr. DIVERSgave notice that, at the Annual General Meeting of the Society on March 35th next, he mould move the adoption of a new Bye-law, to run as follows : XI11 &?.-On Ascertaining the wilt? of the sockty by 9n8cZ128 of Voting Papers. The President, either on his own motion or on a written requisition by the Council or by fifty Fellows, shall proceed to ascertain the will 66 of the Society as to any suggested change in the Bye-laws or in the administration of these laws by the Council, by causing to be delivered, along with the Proceedings or separately, a notice to each Fellow of the change proposed, together with a voting paper upon it, to be filled in by the Fellow and returned to the Sesretaries not later than a pre-scribed date, After that date, the results of the voting shall be counted by the Secretaries and two Scrutineers, appointed by the President, and be reported by him to a Council Meeting and to a General Meeting, upon which the Council shall proceed to act in accordance with the majority of votes, as being the expression of the will of the majority. The PRESIDENTread the names of the Fellows recommended by the Council for election as Officers and as Ordinary Members of Council of the Society.A Ballot for the election of an Honorary and Foreign Member was held, and the PRESIDENTdeclared subsequently that Prof. Dr. Georg Lunge, of Zurich, had been unanimously elected. Of the following papers, those marked * mere read : *56.The action of fuming sulphuric acid on triphenylsiliool.’’ By Geoffrey Martin and Frederic Stanley Kipping. Tetraphenylsilicane is decomposed by fuming sulphuric acid, giving sulphonic derivatives of benzene (Kipping and Lloyd, Trans,, 1901, 79, 449), and phenylbenzylethylpropylsilicane is decomposed by sulphuric acid, the phenyl group being eliminated in the form of benzene (Kipping, Trans., 1907,91; 209). These facts led the authors to doubt the existence of the ‘‘triphenyl-silicoltrisulphonic acid ” recently described by Ladenburg (Ber., 1907, 40, 2274 ; 1908,4 1,966), and a repetition of his experiments leads. to the conclusion that his acid is not only a mixture, but also that il; does not contain any appreciable quantity of triphenylsilicoltrisulphonic acid.Even when triphenylsilicol is treated with fuming sulphuric acid at -loo,the greater part, if not the whole, of the silicol is decomposed and benzenesulphonic acid is formed, whereas at higher temperatures benzenedisulphonic Acid is produced ; no compound containing silicon was isolated, but evidence pointing to the presence of diphenyl-siliconedisulphonic acid, SiO(C,H;SO,H),, in the crude product was obtained. 1-Menthylamine 71enxenesuZpl~onate, C,H,*SO,H,C,,H,,N, forms colour- less needles, melts at 223-226*, and is readily soluble in water, alcohol, or chloroform, but sparingly soluble in ethyl acetate. 67 I-Menthylamin8 benzenediszllphona te, C6H4(SO,H),, (CloH21N)2,melts at 212', and is readily soluble in ethyl acetate, alcohol, or water, but insoluble, or nearly so, in ether. "57.b6 The ignition-temperatures of gases." By Harold Baily Dixon and Hubert Frank Coward. The temperature to whichitwo gases must be heated in order that, when brought into contact, they will inflame immediately has been determined by passing an inflammable gas up a tube, terminating in a nozzle, fixed in bhe centre of a second tube conveying a current of air or oxygen, and electrically heated. Thus no reaction occurred during the preliminary heating of the gases. The temperature of the gas 2 mm. below the nozzle was measured by means of a protected thermo- junction. The ignition-temperature of hydrogen thus obtained was constant, within loo,under variation of the following circumstances : (1) The rates of flow of the gases, within wide limits.(2) The size, material, and surface condition of the jet and of the walls of the furnace. (3) The rate of heating of the furnace. (4) The position of the thermo-junction, either inside or just outside the nozzle. The ignition-temperature was at first decreased some 20' by increasing the diameter of the outer tube, but a limit was then reached when doubling the diameter produced no further decrease. The ignition-temperature was raised 5' by working under half an atmosphere pressure, but decreased by 30' under a pressure of two atmospheres. The ignition-temperature of hydrogen in air is the same as in oxygen.The results obtained at atmospheric pressure are given in the following table. The paraffins and ammonia gave numbers varying Ignition-temperature in oxygen. in air. Gas. Between. Mean: Between. Mean. Hydrogen ........................ 580-590" 585" 580-590" 585" Carbon monoxide (moist) ... 637-658 650 644-658 651Cyanogen ........................ 803-818 811 --Ethylene ........................ 500-519 510 542-547 543 Acetylene ........................ 400-440 428 (a) 406-440 429 Hydrogen sulphide ............ 220-235 227 346-379 364 Methane ........................ 556-700 -650-750 -Ethane ........................... 520-630 520-630 -Propane........................... 490-570 --Ammonia ....................... 700-860 68 with the rates of flow of the gase8, as well as with the size of the furnace tube, so that their ignition-temperatures are not 80 dearly defined as those of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and the other gaeeis.DISCUSSION. The PRESIDENTasked whether the temperature of ignition would not be affected by varying the proportion of the gases ;for example, if the rate of flow be so adjusted as to diminish the relative amount of oxygen, while keeping that of the hydrogen constant. Professor DrxoN replied that alteration of the proportion of the gases within wide limits had no effect on the ignition-temperature. “68. ‘(The a,lkaloids of Seneoio latifolias.” By Henry Edgar Watt. The author has made a chemical examination of Senecio ZatifoZizca (N.O.Composites), a poisonous plant which grows in South Africa, collected before flowering and also after flowering, and has isolated two new alkaloids of the formulze Cl,H,70,N and C,,H,,OTN respec-tively, for which the names senecifoline and senec~olidimeare proposed. The proportion of these substances present in the plant before flower-ing is equivalent to 1.20 per cent., whilst in the mature plant it only amounts to 0.49 per cent.Semcifoline crystallises in colourless, rhombic plates, which melt at 194--195O, and has [aID +2S08’; it forms well-defined ealts with nitric, hydrochloric, or hydriodic acids, and also an aurichbride. It can be decomposed by alkali into a hitherto undescribed dicarb- oxylic acid, C,,H,,06, which it is proposed to name ssnecifolic acid,and a,new base, C,H,,O,N, for which the name senecifolinine is suggested.Smecifolidina crystallises in colourless, rhombic plates, which melt at 2129 and has [alD -13O56’;it differs considerably from eernecifoline in other physical respects, and forms salts corresponding with those mentioned above. DISCUSSION. Dr. WATTstated, in reply to Dr. Bywaters, that Professor Cushny had kindly undertaken to work out the pharmacology of the alkaloids, and had already reported that one of them was poisonous to animals. “59. 66 An interpretation of the Hantzsch-Werner hypothesis.” By Martin Onalow Forster and Frederick Peroy Dunn. From an investigation of the behaviour towards diazomethane displayed by some typical oximes, the authors were led to suggest a possible explanation of the stereoisomerism occurring in this group of compounds.DISCUSSION. Dr. FL~~RSCHEIMsuggested that Dr. Forster’s interesting hypothesis might perhaps also apply to the diazo-compounds formulated by Hantzsch as sp-and amti-isomerides. Dr. MORGANremarked that it would be of interest to know whether the supplementary valencies referred to by Dr. Forster were the ordinary valencies of oxygen and nitrogen indicated by the position of these elements in the periodic classification or the more elusive ‘& Nebenvalenzen ” postulated by Werner. On the ordinary theory of valency, the isomeric diazo-derivatives fall into line with this conception of the structure of the sym and anti-oximes, for the former series of isomerides contains the necessary grouping with an element of variable valency (shown in heavy type) contiguous to the double linking : R*N:N*OK R*N:N*SO,K R*N:N.CN.In the third case the required supplementary valencies could be obtained by a rearrangement of the cyanogen group. Mr. BALY asked Dr. Forster whether he had considered the expression XY \/C I\N=OH as the extreme phase arising from his formula. This would make the oxygen atom quadrivalent, but there appears to be no objection to this, seeing that Dr. Forster’s own formula postulated a valency on the part of the oxygen supplemental to the two normal valencies. Dr. Forster’s formula, moreover, would seem to require a sup-plemental valency on the part of the carbon in addition to the normal four. “60.The triazo-group. Part IX. Transformation of cinnamoylazo-imide into cinnamenylcarbimide (cinnamenyl isocyanate).” By Martin Onslow Forster. The production of cinnamenylcarbimide when cinnamoylazoimide losers nitrogen in akence of water leads to the conclusion that other 70 acyl azides owe their property of giving carbamates and carbamides with alcohols and amines respeztively to intermediate, formation of the respective carbimide. *61. “Experiments on the Walden inversion. 11. The inter-conversion of the optically active mandelic acids.” By Alex. McKenzie and George William Clough. The preparation of d-phenylchloroacetic acid was described.The following points have been investigated : action of water on I-phenylchloroacetic . acid, action of water on salts of the optically active phenylchloroacetic acids, the displacement of chlorine in the active phenylchloroacetic acids by the amino-group, and the displace- ment of the amino-group in the active phenylaminoacetic acids by the hydroxyl group and by halogen groups. The interconversion of the active mandelic acids can be effected by a method diff went from that described previously, thus : The striking feature in each one of these changes is the large amount of racemisation which always occurs. 62. 6‘ Diazohydroxylamino-compoundsand the influence of substi-tuting groups on the stability of their molecules.” By Norman Leslie Gebhard and Herbert Bryan Thompson.Arylhydroxylamines react with diazonium salts to form diazo-hydroxylamino-compounds or azohydroxyanilides, a class of substances which may be looked upon as hydroxyl derivatives of the diazoamino- compounds, in which the imino-hydrogen atom of the latter is replaced by a hydroxyl group. The tautomeric phenomena shown by unsym- metrical diazoamino-compounds is not observed with the diazohydroxyl- amino-compounds. A series of these substances, derived from p-tolyl- hydroxylamine and various diazonium compounds, has been prepared with the object of examining the general properties of these little- known substances, and comparing the various compounds prepared with one another, with the view of determining the effect of substituting groups of various types and in different positions in the molecule on 71 their general stability.The parent substance was benzenediazo-\-\-, andanum-hydroxylamino-p-toluene, CH,/-)N(OH) .N:N/T\, ber of derivatives of this containing various substituting groups in the ring A have been prepared. The substituting groups used were methyl-, bromo-, nitro-, and carboxyethyl, whilst attempts were made to prepare the corresponding sulphonic acid and hydroxyl derivatives. 63. (6 Tetraketopiperazine. Part 11.” By Alfred Theophilus de Mouilpied and Alexander Rule. The authors described the preparation and some of the reactions of tetraketopiperazine in a previous paper (Trans., 1907, 91, 176). Attempts have since been made to reduce the compound to a piperioe derivative, but without success.Phosphorus pentachloride and phenyl- carbimide are without action on the tetraketone. The formation of coloured compounds during the preparation of the tetraketone had been noticed, and these are now found to be additive compounds of the sodium salt of tetraketopiperazine with sodium alcoholates. They vary in colour From deep indigo-blue to bright purple, and are easily decomposed by water, but remain unchanged in dry ether. 64. “The migcibility of the pyridine bases with water and the influence of a critioal-solution point on the shape of the melting-point curve.” By Otto Flaschner. The problem of the connexion between chemical constitution and mutual solubility of two liquids has been investigated in the case of the members of the pyridine aud piperidine series combined with water.The width of the soliibility ring for partly miscible liquids is taken as a comparable measure of the miscibility, whilst the miscibility of completely miscible pairs is defined by the width of that negative solubility ring which is obtained under a certain external influence, such as pressure or the solution of a third substance. The amount of this external action to be measured is that required to bring about under normal conditions the first appearance of two liquid phases. These considerations are illustrated by the miscibility of the three picolines and pipecolines with water. The influence of the neighbourhood of a critical-solution point on the shape of the melting-point curve was discussed, and in the solutions of the zinc double salt of y-picoline in the different aliphatic alcohols was found a convenient series OF examples by means of which 72 the analogy between the shape of a melting-point curve and that of an isotherm of a vapour in the neighbourhood of the critical point can be demonstrated, 65.‘‘The preparation of dichlorocarbamide.” By Frederick Daniel Chattaway. When dichlorocarbamide is prepared by passing chlorine through a cooled concentrated aqueous solution of carbimide, a yield of about 25 per cent. of the theoretical can with care be obtained. Unless, however, the process is very rapidly carried out, with e5cient cooling, the quantity which separates falls much below this maximum.The loss is mainly due to hydrolysis of the dichlorocarbamide under the influence of the hydrogen chloride formed in tbe substitution. If this hydrogen chloride is removed immediately it is formed by combining it with some basic substance, hydrolysis is to a large extent prevented, and, if suitable quantities are used, over 75 per cent. of the amount of dichlorocarbamide theoretically obtainable from the carbamide used can be isolated in a pure dry state. DetaiIs of the procedure recommended, in which the hydrogen chloride is removed by zinc oxide, were described. 66. Thiotetrahydroquinazolines, methylenecarbamides, dicarb-anilinomethylenediamines, and their homologues.’’ By Alfred Senier and Frederick George Shepheard.The interaction of arylthiocarbimides with arylmethylenediamines at temperatures from 150’ to ZOOo results in the formation of cyclic compounds : cyclic carbamides and quinazolines. When the para-position in the aryl group of either the diamine or the thiocarbamide, or both of them, is occupied, thiotetrahpdroquinazoline derivatives and a diarylthiocarbamide are formed. In all other instances, using thiocarbimides, and in all instances where the oxygen analogues, carbimides, are employed, the experiments being conducted at the temperatures mentioned, unstable cyclic methylenecarbamides or thio- carbamides are probably formed, and at the same time a diaryl-carbamide or tbiocarbamide. That these unstable cyclic carbamides are actually formed, although they were identified only by the products of their hydrolysis, is rendered extremely probable by the fact that in two instances, employing a different reaction, namely, the sub- stitution of methyleneaniline for a methylenediamine, the authors succeeded in isolating them and proving their instability. At the ordinary temperature, the course of the reactions is in agreement with previous experiments ; carbanilino-or thiocarbanilino-methylepediamines or their homologues are a1 ways formed (Senier and Goodwin, Trans., 1901, 79, 254; 1902, 81, 283).67. “The distillation of butter fat, cocoanut oil, and their fatty acids.” By Kenneth Somerville Caldwell and William Holds- worth Hurtley.The authors are of opinion that fats and fatty acids have no boiling points in the vacuum of the cathode light, but that for any particular substance a temperature can be selected at which evaporation occurs at a speed convenient for fractional distillation. Butter fat, cocoanut oil, and their fatty acids were distilled in the vacuum of the cathode light. The lowest fraction obtained from butter fat distilled with the bath temperature at 250-270O and inner thermo- meter at 187-21OC. Tributyrin distils rapidly with the bath tem- perature at 127’ and inner thermometer at 107’. For this and other reasons, it is concluded that butter does not contain tributyrin. The iodine numbers yielded by the various fractions seem to indicate that there is little or no triolein in butter fat.Laurie acid forms at least 60 per cent. of the fatty acids in cocoanut oil, whilst it could not be detected in butter ;this method of distillation enabled the authors to detect with ease the presence of 10 per cent. of cocoanut oil in butter. The presence of palmitic acid in cocoanut oil has been questioned by Ulzer (Chm. Revue, 1899, 203), but the authors isolated several grams of this acid from cocoanut oil. 68. Note on the detection of white or ordinary phosphorus in the igniting composition of lucifer matches.” By Thomas Edward Thorpe. As the White Phosphorus Matches Prohibition Act, 1908, will throw upon Officers of Customs and the Inspectors under the Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, the duty of sampling importations of matches and of matorials in use in match factories, the author has examined the methods by which the presence of ordinary phosphorus in the igniting composition of lucif er matches con taining phosphorus sesquisulphide may be established, and he finds that the most direct and most certain test is to isolate the phosphorus as such, which is conveniently effected by gently heating the composition in a vacuum, when the phosphorus sublimes and may be readily recognised by its physical characteristics. 74 89.(‘Intramolecular rearrangement of the diphenylamine snlph- oxides.” (Preliminary note.) By Edward de Barry Barnett and Samuel Smiles. When the yellow tetranitro-, 3 :9-dinitro-, and isodinitro-diphenyl- &mine sulphoxides are treated with suitable reagents-for example, an alcoholic solution of hydrogen chloride-brick-red or chocolate-coloured, crystalline substances are formed.According to the con-ditions of the reactions, the dark-coloured compounds so obtained are either isomeric with the sulphoxides or differ from them by the content of a molecule of water. The evidence hitherto collected shows that these substances, although they are not of pronounced basic character, contain the ortho-quinonoid sulphonium structure, and this view is confirmed by the fact that the unsubstituted diphenylamine sulphoxide is readily converted by aqueous acids into salts of phenazo- thionium. The depression of the basic properties in the nitro-$derivativesis explained by the influence exerted on the quadrivalent sulphur by the acidic substituents.70. (‘A crystalline bleaching powder.” By Xennedy Joseph PrevitQ Orton and William Jacob Jones. A basic hydrated compound of calcium chloride and calcium hypo-chlorite, which separates on cooling moderately concentrated (about 2A) solutions of bleaching powder, was described, This substance has been obtained in large, prismatic crystals, the properties of which closely resemble those of bleaching powder. On the other hand, from very highly concentrated solutions of bleaching powder (about 4N), a hydrated calcium hypochlorite separates at low temperatures. 71. “The action of carbon dioxide on nitrites.” By Ernest Robert Marle. The contradiction in the results obtained by Marie and Marquis (Compt.rend., 1904, 138,367) and Meunier (Compt. Tend., 1903, 137, 1264 ;compare also Papasogli, Gazzetta, 1881, 11, 277 ;Moody, Proc., 1303, 19, 240) in investigating the action of carbon dioxide on nitrites seems to be partly due to the unsuitability of potassium iodide and starch as a test for traces of nitrites unless special precautions be taken. Warington (Chem. Newt, 1885, 51,39) finds that one of the most delicate tests for nitrous acid is the coloration produced with a-naphthylamine (Griess). 75 Carbon dioxide, prepared from marble and hydrochloric acid, was washed by passing through water in two Drechsel bottles, and was then passed through 10 per cent. aqueous potassium nitrite in a Cloez washing bottle, the construction of which is such that it is unlikely that liquid will be mechanically carried over by the stream of gas.It mas then passed into water or potassium carbonate for periods varying from one to six hours. In every case the coloration with potassium iodide and starch seemed slightly greater than that produced by the reagents alone. With a-naphthylamine, a faint pink coloration resulted after a few minutes. To guard against the possibility of mistaking nitrite, mechanically carried over, for nitrous acid, a dry Arnold absorption apparatus was inserted between the Cloez bottle and the final flask. Aslight mist appeared on the inside of the absorption bulbs, which, when washed out with water, proved faintly acid to litmus, and with a-naphthyl- amine gave a full red colour, appearing in about three minutes.The water in the final flask was neutral (after boiling), and gave with a-naphthylamine a faint coloration, appearing in about fifteen minutes. From the data in Warington’s paper, the quantity of nitrogen (as nitrous acid) removed by one litre of carbon dioxide is probbbly less fhan one two-hundredth of a milligram. The reduction of very dilute potassium permanganate by the solution in the final flask leads to a similar figure. 72. ‘‘Estimation of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Part I.” By John Joseph Sudborongh and Harold Hibbert. The method outlined by the authors some years ago (Proc., 1904, SO, 165) for the estimation of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines has been found capable of general application.Phenetole may be substituted for amyl sther as solvent. The procedure was identical with that followed by the authors in the estimation of hydroxyl groups in carbon compounds (Frans.,1904, 85, 933). Quantitative results have been obtained with the following sub- stances : phen yl-a-nap h th ylamine, phenyl-P-naph thylamine, pp-di-naphthylamine, diphenylamine, ethylaniline, methylnniline, p-naphthylamine, p-toluid ine, p-c hloroaniline, dimet hylaniline, diet h yl- aniline, and tetramethyl-p-diaminodiphenylmethane. 76 73. “The condensation of ketone8 and aldehydes with the sodium derivative of ethyl cyanoacetate.” By Walter Norman Haworth.The author discussed the nature of the condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with certain representative aldehydes and ketones. 74. “Experiments on the constitution of the aloins. Part I.” (Preliminary note.) By Robert Robinson and John Lionel Simonsen. In view of the recent publication of a memoir by Oesterle and Tisza (Schweix. Woclhchr. Chem. Phurm., 1908, 46, 701) on the subject of rhein, the authorq communicated some of the results obtained during the last two years in connexion with an investigation of the constitu- tion of the various aloins, and undertaken with the permission and assistance of Dr. Jowett. The oxidation of the acetyl derivative of baxbaloin with chromic acid leads to the formation of diucetylrhein, C1,H,O2(0Ac),*C0,I3; (m.p.245O), and other substances. The investigation and analysis of rhein and its derivatives have conclusively shown that this substance has the composition C,,H,O,, and is a dihydroxyalnthrapuinonecurboxylic: acid. This view is based on the following facts: (1) The substance has all the properties of an acid, and is soluble in the alkaline carbonates and even in sodium acetate. It yields a methyl ester, C,4H,0,(OH)2*C0,Me (m.p. 174O), and ethyl ester,~C1,H50,(OH),*C0,Et(rn. p. 159O), insoluble in cold sodium carbonate. (2) Rhein yields a diacetate, and prolonged treatment with acetyl- ating agents failed to introduce any further acetyl groups. (3) Methylation of rhein with methyl sulphate and potassium hydr-oxide yields dimethylrhein, C1,H,O,(O Me),*CO,H (m.p. 281-282’), which is also a strong acid, readily soluble in sodium carbonate or sodium acetate, and incapable of acetylation or beazoglation. It would appear that the methylrhein (m.p. 288’) which Oesterle and Tisza (Em.cib.) describe is identical with this substance, and their observation that it is imoluble in potassium hydroxide may possibly be due to the fact that its potassium salt is very sparingly soluble in potassium hydroxide. Dimethylrhein yields an ethpl ester, C,,H50,(OMe),-C0,Et (m. p. 185-187°). When treated with thionyl chloride, dimethylrhein yields the corresponding chloride, Cl,H,O,(OMe),~COC1 (m.p. 190G), which on treatment with concentrated ammonia yields dimethylrlieinumide, C,,H50,(OMe),*CO=NH, (map.286’). 77 Now since aloe-emodin is a trihydroxyrnethylanthraquinone and yields rhein on oxidation, it follows that one of the bydroxyl groups is situated in the methyl group, and the authors are therefore of the opinion that aloe-emodin is a dihydroxyanthracpino Zca rbinol. The data at present available are not sufficient to prove conclusively the position of the several groups in rhein and aloe-emo din, but there is much reason to believe that rhein is chrysazincarboxyl~cacid,and that the carbonyl group occupies an a-position. The important facts on which these views are based ara that barbaloin gives tetranitro- chrysazin on treatment with nitric acid, and that aloe-emodin gives a-methylanthracene on distillation with zinc dust.If chrysazin is 1 :8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, then aloe-emodin would have the constitution : CO CH,*OH A A /\iY Y L‘A\/’OH CO OH and rhein would be the corresponding acid. The authors consider that aloetic acid, which results from the oxidation and nitration of aloin, is not tetranitroanthraquinone, but dinitrosodinitrochrysasin, and that aloechrysin, produced by the oxidation of aloin with chromic acid, is the aldehyde intermediate between the primary alcohol aloe-emodin and the carboxylic acid rhein. 75. ‘(The constituents of Canadian hemp. Part 11. Cynotoxin.” (Preliminary note.) By Horace Finnemore. The aqueous solution of the alcoholic extract of the root of commercial Apocynum cannabinum (Tram., 1908, 92, 15 14)yields on extraction with chloroform, after removing the apocynin with ether (Zoc.cit.), a relatively small quantity of an intensely active substance, which produces symptoms identical with those caused by the drug itself. Cynotoxim, C20H2806, well-defined, colourless substance, which is a crystallises in small, apparently rhombic pyramids, and melts and decomposes at about 165’. It is sparingly soluble in water and the usual organic solvents, and extremely bitter intaste. Pharmacological investigation by Mr. P. P. Laidlaw, M.B., has shown that it is an extremely potent drug of the digitalis class and that the pharmaco- logical properties of apocynin (acetova nillone, Zoc. cit.) are negligible. The chemical and pharmacological properties of cynotoxin are still under investigation; it is already evident, however, that it is a dilactone, either of Kiliani’s digitic acid, C,,H,,O, (Ber., 1891, 24, 339), or of a closely related isomeride.78 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I.-Donations. Guttmann, Oscar. The manufacture of explosives. Twenty years’ progress. Four Cantor Lectures delivered at the Royal Society of Arts in November and December, 1908. pp. viii + 84. ill. London 1909. (Recd, 20/2/09.) From the Author. Martindale, W. Harrimn, and Westoott, W. Wpnlz. The extra pharmacopceia. 13th edition. pp. XI + 1164. London 1908. (Recd. 18/2/09.} From Dr. W. H. Martindale. Owen, F. 8. The dyeing and cleaning of textile fabrics, Based partly on notes of E.C.Standage. pp. vi + 253. New York 1909. (Recd. 29/2/09.) From the Publishers : Messrs. John Wiley & Sons. Schryver, Samuel Barnett. The general characters of the proteins. pp. x +86. London 1909. (Recd. 4/3/09.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. Tschelinzeff, W. Individuelle magnesiumor ganische Verbindungen, und ihre Umwandlungen in Oxonium- und Ammonium-Komplexe, pp. iv + 271. Moscow 1908. [In Russian.] (Recd. 18/2/09.) From Dr. A. McKenzie. K-By Purchase. Bruni, Giweppe. Feste Losungen und Isomorphismus. pp. vi + 130-Leipzig 1908. (Recd. 3/3/09.) Ditmar, Rudolf. Die Analyse des Kautschuks, der Guttapercha, Balata und ihrer Zusatze, mit einschluss der Chemie der genannten Stoffe. pp.*viii+ 288. ill. Wion 1909.(Red. 17/2/09.) Friend, J. Newtom. The theory of valency. pp. xiv + 180. London 1909. (Recd. 27/1/09.) Hitll, Alfred Dccniel. The soil. 2nd edition. pp. xv + 311. ill, London 1908. (Recd. 20/1/09.) Haller, AEbin. Les recents progrbs de la chimie. (Troisiiime s6rie.) Confdrences faites au Laboratoire de Chimie organique de la Sorbonne, sous la direction de A. Haller. pp. 361. Paris 1908. (Recd. 5/2/09.) Hubert, Paul. Plantes A parfums. pp. xii + 610. ill. Paris 1909. (Recd. 17/2/09.) Jorgensen, S. M. Die Entdeckung des Sauerstoffes. Bus dems Danischen von ‘Pilhelm Ortwed und Nax Speter. (Sammlung, Vol. XIV.) Stuttgart 1909. Schenck, Budolfi Physikalische Chemie der Metalle. Sechs Vortrage uber die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Metallurgie.pp. vi + 193. ill. Hnlle a. S. 1909. (Recd. 17/2/09). 79 ANNIVERSARY DINNER. It has been arranged that the Fellows of the Society and their friends shall dine together at the Whitehall Rooms, Hotel Metropole, at 6.30 for 7 o’clock, on Thursday, March 25th, 1909 (the day fixed for the Annual General Meeting). The price of the tickets will be One Guinea each, including wine, All applications for tickets must be received not later than Thursday, March 18th next. Tickets will be forwarded to Fellows on receipt of a remittance for the number required, made payable to “ Mr. 5. E. Cnrr ’’ and addreljsed to the Assistant Secretary, Chemical Society, Burlington House, W. At the Annual General Meeting to be held on Thursday, March.will25th’ at 4 p.m., the PRESIDE~~Tdeliver an address entitled: ‘4 Elements and Electrons.” At the next Ordinary Meeting, on Thursday, March ISth, 1909, at 8.30 p.m., the following papers will be communicated : ‘6 Iodine dioxide.” By M. M. P. Muir. The constituents of the rhizome of apocynum androTae’mijZum.’’ By C. W. Moore. “The action of pbosphorus pentachloride on the methylene etbers of catechol derivatives. Part IV. Derivatives of dihydroxyphenyl-acetic, -glycollic, and -glyoxylic acids.” By G. Barger and A. J. Ewins. “Studies in the azine series. Part I. The constitution o€-safranine.” By J. T. Hewitt, S. H. Newman, and T. F. Winmill. The condensation of amides with esters of acetylenic acids.” ByS. Ruhemann. 6‘ A polarimetric method of identifying chitin.” By J. C. Irvine. ‘I Studies in asymmetric synthesis. Part VII. The influence of the d-amyl group.” By A. McKenzie and H. A. Muller. --__ __ R. CLAY AND SONS LTD BREAD ST. HILL, E.C. AND BUNQAY, BUFFOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9092500065
出版商:RSC
年代:1909
数据来源: RSC
|
|