|
1. |
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 23, No. 321 |
|
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 23,
Issue 321,
1907,
Page 53-67
Preview
|
PDF (918KB)
|
|
摘要:
Issued 2/3/07 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 23. No.321. Thursday, February Zlst, 1907, at 8.30 p.m., Professor R. MELDOLA, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. T. S. Patterson and E. G. Streimer were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. The PRESIDENTannounced that the Society had incurred a further loss by the death of Professor Henri Moissan, which occurred on February 20th, in Paris; the late Professor Moissan was elected an Honorary and Foreign Fellow Member of the Society on January 20th, 1898. On behalf of the Executive Committee of the Coal Tar Colour Jubilee Celebration, it was stated by the Chairman, Professor R. Meldola, that the Council of the Society had that afternoon accepted the marble bust of Sir William Perkin, which was to be placed in the rooms of the Chemical Society according to t.he decision of the public meeting at which the celebration was inaugurated.It was further stated that the Council had received and acknow- ledged, in the name of the Society, an important addition to the Research Fund in the form of a contribution of .31000 from the Worshipful Com pany of Goldsmiths. Certificates mere read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : William Robert Ball, B.Sc., 48, Cambridge Road, Thornaby-on-Tees. A lexancler Thoinas Cameron, M.A., B.Sc., Burtonhill, Malmeebury. 54 Geoffrey Dodleston Hope, B.Sc., Ph.D., Heath Heys, Oxton. The Hon. Raymond Egerton Hubbard, Addington Manor, Winslow. Herbert Brooke Perven Humphries, B.Sc., 117, Avenell Road, Highbury, N.James McConnan, M.Sc., Ph.D., Danehurst, G reerjbank Drive, Liverpool. Percy Joseph Rhodes, Bridge House, Church. Sydney William Smith, B.Sc., 76, Korroy Road, Putney, S.M7. Nicholas Tarr, Lucton School, Herefordshire. William Scott Tebb, M.A., M.D., Sandfield, Pntney Heath Lane, S.W. It was announced that the following changes in the Officers and Council were proposed by the Council. As President : Sir William Ranisay, K.C.B., F.R.S. ; vice, Prof. R. Meldola, F.12.S. As Foreign Secretary : Dr. Horace T. Brown, F.R.S. ; vice, Sir W. Rnmsay. As Vice-presidents: Prof. J. J. Dobbie, F.R.S., and Sir Alexander Pedler, F.R.S. ;vice, Dr. H. T. Brown, P.R.S., and Prof. H. B. Dixon, F.R.8. As Ordinary Members of Council: Mr.G. T. Beilby, Dr. W. R. HoQkinson, Mr. E. Grant Hooper, and Dr. H. R. Le Sueur; vice, Prof. W. Gowland, Mr, A. D. Hall, Dr. A. Lapworth, and Mr. J. E. Marsh, F.R.S. Mr. E. Grant Hooper, Dr. H. F. Morley, and Dr. 13. R. Le Sueur were elected Auditors to audit the Society’s accounts. A ballot for the election of Fellows was held, and the following were declared duly elected : Alfred Frederick Allen B.Sc. Molian Nath Kedarnath Dikshit. George Bagley. Frederick Alldis Eastaugh. Frank Baker, 1Z.Sc. John Edwin Farmer. Henry Bassett, jnn., B.Sc., P11.D. George Fowles. Frank Stanley Uenton. Edward William Lanchester Foxell, Leslie Haniilt on Berry, B. Sc. B.Sc. John Trevor Cart, B.Sc. Percival John Fryer. John Christie, 13.A.William Howiesoii Gibsoii, I3.Sc. George Willinin Clough, B.Sc. Williani Godden, B. Pc. Taylor Cook. William Heber Green, D.Sc. Colin Ernest Da11, B.Sc. Cliristoyjher Maurice Walter Grieb, Francis Davidsoii. 13. sc.. William Smith Denham, B.Sc. Kichard Higharii. 55 Williain Marrs IIootoii, 11. A., XI. St. Itobeir Rolertsun, 11.A , D.Sc. William James Hoyten, M.R.C.S. Ai tliur lleiiiy Sal~ay, PI).D., F.R.C. r. B.Sc. Fraiicis Townsliend Ciinj-nghame Charles Sclilienger, T3.s~. Hughes. William George Sewell, 13.S~. Arthur Vivian Hussey. Frederick George Shrpliexid, I3.s~. Ernest Wilf'rid Jackson. Robert Low Sinith. Victor George Jackson. TVilliam Sand 11aI, clb Tern I11e to11, Sidney J:inies Jennings, B.Sc. R1.A , B.Sc.Albert Theodore King, B.Sc. Richard Soel Garrod Thsn as, l3.8. George Lunnn. llaximilinii Tocli. Martin, 13.Sc. William George Tn iiiey, I3.Sc.JOSCIJ~ Charles Pask Matthew, R. Sc. Charles Rowlatt TVatkiiis, 1:. A. Louis Murptroyd. Xobert Bnrt Wight, M.A., B.S(.. Otto Oherl?intler, Ph.D. Williaiii Henry Wiiliaius. Frederic George Percy Kernfry, Mark Arthur WolfE R.A., L).Sc. The Council has ordered the following report to be printed in the Proceedings of the Society : RECOMMENDATIONS AS TO THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE PROTEINS. IT is well known that much confusion arises at the present time from the lack of any understanding, either here or abroad, as to the exact sense in which the various names applied to proteins (Protein- atoff e, Eiweisskiirper, Albuminoids) and their derivatives shall be used.No little difficulty is created by the use of a term in different senses, as well as ambiguity of meaning in some cases. It appeared desirable, therefore, to lay down rules for the guidance of students and workers, at all events in this country, which would tend to promote some degree of uniformity of usage. It was obviously desir- able to retain existing terms as far as possible, especially as it was clear that the time is not yet come to coin strictly systematic names and that only provisional recommendations are desirable in the existing state of knowledge. The folIowing report is the outcome of a prolonged considera- tion of the subject by a number of chemists and physiologists.The original Committee was called into being by the Physiological Society; its members were nominated by the two societies. The report of the Committee was subjected to criticism, both by the Physiological Society and by the Publicat ion Committee of the Chemical Society. At the instance of the latter body a number of chemists specially interested in the subject then took the matter into consideration in conjunction with a few representatives of the 56 Physiological Society ;finally, a draft report embodying the conclu- sions arrived at was prepared by Drs. Halliburton and Hopkins, which was considered and amended at a meeting of the Publication Committee of the Chemical Society, at which the physiologists were present.RECOMMENDATIONS. I. The word Proteid-which is used in different senses in this country and in Germany-should be abolished. 11. The word Protein is recommended as the general name of the whole group of substances under consideration. It is at present so used both in America and Germany. It admits readily of the use of such derived words as protease and proteose. If used at all, the term Albuminoid should be regarded as a synonym of protein. 111. The sub-classes should be as follows :-1. Protamines. These are simple members of the group. They are exemplified by substances like salmine and sturine which have been separated from fish-sperm. 2. Histones. These are more complex substances : this and the previous class probably pass gradually into one another.The class is exemplified by the. histones separated by Kossel from blood cor- puscles ;precipitabilit'y by ammonia is one of their distinguishing features. 3. AlSnmins. These are proteins of which egg-albumin and serum-aibumin may be taken as typical examples. 4. Globulins. These are proteins which differ from the albumins in solubility; they are more readily " salted out " of solution than the albumins. They are exemplified by serum-globulin and fibrino- gen. The class should also include certain derivatives of globulins such as fibrin and myosin. N.B.-The carbohydrate radicle separable in small quantities from many members of Classes 3 and 4 is probably not to be con- sidered as a prosthetic group, as it is in the gluco-proteins (see below).N.B.-It appeared advisable, especially from the teachers' stand- point, to introduce a general term to include proteins coagulable by heat (Classes 3 and 4); but a term likely to meet with general acceptance has not yet been suggested. 5. Sclero-proteins. This new word takes the place of the word albuminoid in the limited sense in which the majority of physiolo- gists have been accustomed to use it. It includes such substances as gelatin and keratin; the prefix indicates the skeletal origin and often insoluble nature of its members. 6. Phospho-proteins. This class includes such substances as vitellin and caseinogen with its derivative casein. The prefix nucleo- frequently used in relation to this class is incorrect and mis-leading.‘7. Conjugated proteins, These are substances in which the protein molecule is united to a ‘. prosthetic group.” The principal subdivisions are :-a. Nucleo-proteins. b. Gluco-proteins (e.g., mucin). c. Chromo-proteins (e.y., haemoglobin). 8. Derivatives of Proteins. Of these the products of protein-hydrolysis (a term preferable to proteolysis *) are those which require special attention. These should be classified as follows :-a. Meta-proteins. This term is suggested in place of albuminate (acid-albumin, alkali-albumin), which is objectionable because (1) these products are obtainable from both albumins and globulins, also (2) because the termination ate implies a salt. b . Proteoses. This term includes albumose, globulose, gelatose, &c.The subdivision of these into proto-, hetero-, deutero-proteoses, &c., and the various modifications of Kuhne’s original classification have been considered; the whole subject is, however, at present too unsettled for any final nomenclature of these subdivisions to be proposed. c. Peptones. This term should be restricted to the further pro- ducts of hydrolysis which differ from the proteoses inasmuch as they cannot be salted out from solution and usually resemble them in giving the biuret test. N.B.-It has been pointed out that certain vegetable products hitherto regarded as peptones do not give the biuret test. It does not appear possible to bring such exceptional substances into any general classification at present.The same difficulty in classify- ’ Slthough niindful of the unfortunate fact that terms such as proteolysis fail to convey a meaning in harmony with that which is conveyed by the terms electrolysis and hydrolysis (on which they arc moulded) of decomposition by, the Coninlittee have uot ventured to deal with the difficulty ; they recogoise, however, that the practice is one to be obviated, if possible (compare Armstrong, Proc. Boy. SOC.,1904, 73,500). 58 ing arises in conirexion with certain other vegetable proteins ; for instance, those which like gliadin are soluble in alcohol. d. Polypeptides. The majority of the polypeptides are synthetical substances. Some, however, have been separated from the products of protein-hydrolysis and it is therefore advisable to include them in the present classification.They are products of cleavage beyond the peptone stage and consist of two or more amino-acids in associa- tion; the majority of those hitherto prepared do not give the biuret test. IV. The term caseinogen should be used for the principal protein in milk and casein for its derivative which is the result of the action of rennet.. V. The two principal proteins of t,he muscle plasma should be termed paramyosinogen and myosinogen ;the term soluble myosin should take the place of v. Fiirth's soluble myogen-fibrin; the term myosin should be restricted to the final product formed during rigor mortis. Of the following papers, those marked * mere read : "38.'* The constitution of hydroxyazo-compounds." By William Bradshaw Tuck. Several workers have proved that the ethers of all hjdroxyazo- compounds and the henzoyl derivatives of the p-compounds possess t'he azo-structure, but that the benzoyl-o-hjdroxyazo-compounds have the quinone-hydrazone configwittion. Chemical methods, however, have failed to produce a unanimous opinion with regard to the constitution of the free hydroxy-compounds. As the absorption spectrum for azobenzene has been shown to be very different from that characteristic of quinones, several of the hydroxyazo-compounds were examined spectrographically. The absorption spectra of the p-hydrosy-compounds agree extremely closely with those of their derivatives ; further., hydrochloric acid produces the same very characteristic change iu the spectra of the phenolic substances and their ethyl ethers.This proves that the cori-stitution in t,he two cases is similar, that is, tlie free hydroxy-com- pounds are in the szo-form. The ethers of o-compounds also agree with the p-compounds, but the benzopl derivatives are similar to benzoquinonebenzoyIphenylhydrazone. The absorption spectra of all the azo-derivatives examined confirm the hypothesis previously put forward for the colour of xzobenzene (T~*c(Pzs.,1906, 89,982). 59 DISCUSSION. DR. HEWITTagreed with Mr. Tuck that in the case of the p-hyclr-oxyazo-compounds, the free substances, their ethers and esters were dl of the azo-phenolic type, but was uncertain whether a solution of these substances in concentrated hydrochloric acid really contained much hydrochloride, since the bases being very weak, must have snffered considerable hydrolytic dissociation.The contention that the o-hydroxyazo-compounds and their benzoyI derivatives corresponded to quinone-hydrazones was based apparently on the observation of Goldschmidt and Rrubscher that acyl anilides result on complete rednction of the acyl derivatives of benzeneazo-y-cresol. This might, however, be equally well the result of n secondary reaction, since esters and primary amines normally react to give alcohols or phenols and acid amides. Against these equivocal results inust be placed the positive evidence that on snbstitution these com-pounds behave as azophenols whether they belong to the para- or ortho-series.’The only other physical method hitherto adopted in the case of the hydroxyazo-compounds has been the application of cryoscopic determina- tions in non-bydroxylic solvents by Auwers and Orton, whose results indicate that the p tra-compounds are azophenols and give no positive I esult for the ortho-substances. Goldschmidt himself ab.mdoned the idea that the o-hp droxyazo-com- pounds mere quinone-hydrazones, and his observation that the acylated compounds of both series reduce to hydritzo-compounds which are insoluble in alkali distinctly points to acylation, with respect to oxygen, having taken place. Dr. LOWBYsaid that Oddo’s theory of “meso1iydr.y ” to which the author had referred was in many respects a reversion to Lads theory of ‘<tautomeriam,” since it postulated that a mobile hydrogen atom might be equally attached to oxygen and to nitrogen or carbon.If the hydrogen atom was capable under any conditions of settling in either of the alternative positions the phenomenon was not one of tautomerism, but a mere case of labile isomerism, which might become dynamic when the compound was liquefied with or without the atldition of a catalyst. The separation of a single isoineride was a normal result of cryst.tllisation, and, so far as he was aware, no genuine case of mesohydry or of tautomerisin had yet been estab- lished, It was doubtful whether the hydrazo-compounds would prove to be an exception, although the possibility remained open that the crystals might, in certain cases, be isomorphous mixtures of two or more isornerides.60 “39. “The influence of solvents on the rotation of optically active compounds. Part IX. A new general method for studying intramolecular change.” By Thomas Stewart Patterson and Andrew NcMillan. The influence of benzantialdoxiine as a solvent on the rotation of ethyl tartrate was found to be very remarkable. A method of study-ing intramolecular change was described which had been applied in the cases of benzaldoxime, anisaldoxime, and ethyl phenylformyl-acetate. “40. ‘‘Displacement of halogens by hydroxyl. I. The hydrolytic decomposition of hydrogen and sodium monochloroacetates by water and by alkali, and the influence of neutral salts on the reaction velocities.” By George Senter.By varying the initial concentration within fairly wide limits, it was shown that the hydrolytic decomposition of monochloroacetic acid by hot water according to the equation CH,Cl*CO,H +H,O = OH*OH,-CO,H + HC1 is strictly unimolecular up to iV,lZ solution ; the reaction velocity is somewhat retarded by hydrochloric acid, but is not affected by sodium chloride. The conclusion is drawn that water and the undissociated acid are the reacting substances; if an inter-mediate compound is formed, it is the rate at which it breaks down into glycollic and hydrochloric acids which is measured. The decomposition of sodium whloroacetate by water is strictly unimolecular in dilute solution, but in solutions more than 0.1 molar, the velocity increases more rapidly than the concentration.The reaction is retarded by neutral salts. Potassium and barium chloro- acetates undergo decomposition at the same rate as the sodium salt. The interaction of sodium chloroacetate and N/lO sodium hydroxide, according to the equation CH,Cl-CO,Na +NaOH =OH*CH,*C02Na+ NaC1, proceeds only about ten times more rapidly than the corre-sponding change in aqueous solution under equivalent conditions. The reaction velocity in the presence of alkali is accelerated, and to the same extent, by such neutral salts as sodium chloride, sulphate, and nitrate in equivalent solution. On the basis of these results and of the previous observations of Arrhenius, the hypothesis put forward by R.J. Caldmell (Proc. Roy. XOC.,1906, A, 78, 272), according to which the accelerating influence of neutral salts on reactions in which acids (and alkalis) exert a catalytic action is ascribed to the withdrawal of water by the salt and conse- 61 quent concentration of the reacting substances, was criticised. It is considered that the effect in question is due to the action of the ions of the salt on H’ and OH’ ions. DISCUSSION. Dr. SENTER,replying to Dr. E. F. Armstrong, said that in his experiments, as in those of Arrhenius quoted in the paper, the ratio of alkali and acid respectively to water was constant, except for the slight differences in the amounts of water displaced by equivalent quantities of the neutral salts employed; that these differences did not amount to more than about 1 per cent.of the total volume, and were therefore negligible in comparison with the magnitude of the neutral salt effect. Moreover, it did not seem quite justifiable to conclude from the results of experiments with sucrose, the solution volume of which is large and remains unaltered on dilution, that solutions for comparison should in all cases be prepared by adding a definite weight of the solute to a definite weight or volume of the solvent (H. E. Armstrong, Proc. Roy. Xoc., 1906,78, A, 264) ; in parti- cular, salts which in certain dilutions have a negative solution volume seem to present difficulties from this point of view.*41. (‘The interaction of ammonium salts and the constituents of the soil.” By Alfred Daniel Hall and Conrad Theodore Gimingham. As it has been observed that an acid reaction develops in soil which has been repeatedly manured with ammonium salts, the authors have re-examined the action of ammonium salts on the chief constituents of soil. Solutions of various strengths, N to N/lOO, of ammonium sulphate, chloride, or other salt were shaken for twenty-four hours with silica, clay, calcium carbonate, and humus respectively, and the com- position of the resulting solution was determined. With silica, there is no action. With clay, a double decomposition takesplace between the ammonium salt and zeolitic bodies in the clay, ammonium being withdrawn from solution and replaced by equivalent quantities of calciuni, magnesium, and potassium.With varying strengths the reaction can be represented by the equation (Ammonium withdrawn from so1ution)z =K,Ammonium remaining in solution as long as the clay is in excess, If the clay is not in excess, it can only take up a, fixed amount of ammonium whatever the strength of the solution, No acid reaction is produced, and there is no adsorption of the salt as a whole. With calcium carbonate, the reaction does not proceed far, and the extent may be represented by an equation of similar form. With natural hnmus from various sources, the reaction is similar to that with clay ; other bases, chiefly calcium, are displaced by ammonium ; there is no development of acidity and no adsorption.The acid reaction observed in the field is thus not due to inorganic causes; a biological origin has been found. 42. 6L The reduction products of 0-and p-dimethoxybenzoin.” By James Colquhoun Irvine and Agnes Marion Moodie. o-Dimethoxy benzoin has been converted into the corresponding hydrobenzoin, and the latter compound, when reduced by Baeyer’s process, gives p-dimetbyltolane. This abnormal change has been shown to take place through the intermediate formation of o-di-methoxydiphenylethylene together with the corresponding ethane derivative. As this result indicates that Raeyer’s method of reduction may lead to erroneous conclusions in deducing the constitution of aromatic alkyloxy-compounds, a detailed study of the effect of the process on derivatives of anisoin has been made.It has been shown tht both anisoin and its methyl ethcr are converted into deoxyauisoin when distilled with zinc dust iu a current of carbon dioxide, arid that the reduction is only complete when carried out in an atmosphere of hydrogen. The hydrocarbon finally obtained&was stilbene. In the course of the work a number of new derivatives of anisoin mere prepared arid examined. 43. 4L Cowtituents of natural indigo. Part 11.” By Arthur George Perkin. Preliminary accounts 0: a portion of this work have previously appeared (Proc., 1904, 20, 172, and did., 1906, 22, 199). The kaempferol glucoside, kaempferitrin contained in the Ir~digofem ciwectu is not hydrolysed by the insoluble indigo enzyme of Beyerinck (Proc. K.Aknd. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 1900, 120), and its appear-ance in Java indigo is probably due to some extent to the employ-ment of sulphuric acid at one stage of the manufacture. Numerous Java indigos have been examined, and a 11 contained kaempferol, but in no case did this exceed 0.2 per cent. The leaves of the Indiyoferv sumntranu contain a trace of yellow colouring matter which probably consists of kaempferol. 44. (( The velocity of hydrolysis of aliphatic amides.” By James Codrington Crocker. The rates of reaction of formamide, acetamide, propionamide, butyr- amide, isobutyramide, valeramide, capronamide with hydrochloric acid have been determined at from 40’ to SO’.The determinations were carried out by measurement of the specific conductivity of the reacting mixture. Owing to the effect of the dissolved arnide on the con-ductivity of the solution, the conceutration could not be calculated directly from the specific conductivity. Synthetical mixtures were prepared representing definite stages of the reaction, and the variation of the specific conductivity of these with time mas determined. By extrapolation to t = 0 the initial specific conductivity was determined in each case. S concentration-conductivity curve was plotted which served to standardise the original conductivity-time curve. The reactions are bimolecular and follow the relation 11 1K= -(-c;), where a is the degree of dissociation of the hydro- at C-chloric acid.The order of the relative reactivities is the same for each temperature ; this order is forrnamide, propionamide, acetamide, isobutyramide, capronamide, butyramide, valeramide. The tempera- ture coefficients of reactivity are very large, and the velocity constants closely follow the teniperature lam, 9 relation between the reactivity of the amides at constant temperature and the strength of the corresponding organic acids mas indicated. The relative reactivities of the amides were also evaluated at “corresponding ” temperatures and these values were shown to be nearly independent of temperature. 45. cL The rusting of iron.” By Wyndham Rowland Dunstan. As a result of a long series of experiments (Dunstan, Jowett, and Goulding, I’rans., 1905, 87, 1548), it was shown that the rusting of iron can take place in the absence of cubonic acid, and that only iron, oxygen, and liquid water are necessary for rusting to occur.In order to elucidate the chemical chnage involved, and to explain the inhibit- ing effect on the rusting of iron produced by some substances and especially by alkalis and potassium dichromate, the working hypothesis was suggested that the formation of hydrogen peroxide is concerned in the change, rusting being prevented by those substances which are capable of decomposing the peroxide. 64 Recently, Dr. Gerald T. Moody (Z’mns., 1906, 89,6 720) hixs published an account of experiments he has made which in his opinion prove that iron cannot rust in the absence of carbon dioxide.In the experiments recorded by the present author (Zoc. cit.) elaborate precarx- tions were taken to ensure the absence of carbon dioxide, but it has been thought desirable to repeat the experiments made under somewhat different conditions by Dr. Moody. His conclusions have not, however, been confirmed; the results of experiments carried out in the manner described by him show that iron rusts freely in the absence of carbonic acid provided that iron, oxygen, and liquid water are brought toget her. 46. “ Contributions to the chemistry of the rare earths. Part 11.” By Mario Esposito. The methods of Muthmann and Bohm and Pattinson and Clarke for the preparation of ceria have been found to give a fairly pure product. Oxidation with potassium permanganate, according to Drossbach and Bohm’s method, is probably t,he most rapid and satisfactory may of obtaining almost pure ceria.Lanthana and old didymia can be separated by fractional crystallisa- tion of the oxalates from strong nitric acid, but the process is not advantageous. Lanthaua is beet obtained by a modification of the method of Auer von Welsbach (fractional crystallieation of the double ammonium nitrates), which at the same time effects the separation of neodymia and praseodymia, the chief constituents of old didymia. After one hundred and ten fractionations, lanthana, praseodymia, and neodymia mere obtained in a state of considerable purity.47. “Derivatives of multivalent iodine. Part 111. Action of heat on iodobenzene dichloride, and on the m-and pnitro- and p-chloro-derivatives.” By William Caldwell and Emil Alphonse Werner. The authors have found that wlien iodobenzene dichloride is heated it undergoes sudden decomposition at 112-1 36’ according to the rate of heating, the main change resulting in the formation of p-chloro-iodobetzene. Only from 17 to 27 per cent. of the theoretical amount of chlorine is evolved in the free state. Rapid heating favours the formation of the substitution derivative. Whilst 0-and p-iodonitro- benzene dichloride, when heated, decompose quantitatively in accordance with the equation, C6H,(KO2)*IC1,=C,H4(N0,)I + Cl,, the rn-derivative loses from 72-73 per cent.of its chlorine in the free state, a substitution derivative being produced in corresponding proporti on. p-Chloroiodobenzene forms a dichloride, C,H,Cl*ICI,, which decom- poses at 112O, the proportion of chlorine evolved in the free state amounting to 72 per cent. of the theoretical for the loss of two atoms. Thus the nitro-group in the ortho- and para-positions completely prevents the formation of substitution products, whilst chlorine in the para- has the same inhibiting effect as the nitro-group in the meta- position. 48. The organic phosphorus compound formed by yeast-juice from 4L soluble phosphates. Preliminary notice.” By William John Young. It has been shown by Harden and Young (Proc.,1905, 21,189 ; Proc.Roy. Soc., 1906, 77, B., 405) that when soluble phosphates are added to a fermenting mixture of yeast-juice and glucose a large increase in the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide is observeJ. This rate soon diminishes until a constant rate is attained, which is usually approximately equal to that of the original yeast-juice and glucose. It has been further shown that at the end of this period of increased fermentation, the phosphate has undergone some alteration, and is no longer present in a form precipitable by magnesium citrate mixture, and it was suggested that a combination with the glucose to form a phosphoric acid ester had taken place. Experiments on the chemical nature of this compound have been carried out, and although not yet complete, it has been thought advis- able to communicate a preliminary notice of the results so far obtained, in view of the publication of Iwanoff (Zeit.phypsiol. Chem., 1907, 50, 281), who appears to hare obtained the same substance indepen- dently. A lead salt of the compound mas prepared from the fermentation mixture by first removing any free phosphate by magnesium nitrate and then adding lead nitrate. Analyses of two preparatione, in which the carbon, hydrogen, lead, and phosphorus were determined, gave the empirical formula C,H,O,PPb. On suspending this salt in water and removing the lead with hydrogen sulphide, an acid solution is obtained which reduces Fehling’s solution and gives M.ohlisch’s a-naphthol reaction.It is slightly dextro- rotatory, and can be titrated with alkalis, using phenolphthalein as indicator, in a similar manner to phosphoric acid. On evaporating to dryness on the water-bath a charred mass is left which contains free phosphoric acid and hasa strong odour of caramel, whilst on evapora- tion at, the ordinniy t,emperrit,ure in a vscuuni over sulphuric acid a syrupy mass is left, which soon darkens in colour and decomposes. When the solution is boiled for several hotirs the compound is slowly hydrolysed, phosphoric acid being set free, and a substance formed which reduces Fehling’s solution more strongly than the acid itself, and rotates the plane of polarised light to the left. The nature of this reducing substance has not been esactlp determined and experiments with this object are in progress.49. ‘6Experiments on the synthesis of the terpenes. Part X. Synthesis of carvestrene and its derivatives.” By William Henry Perkin, jun., and George Tattersall. Continuing their work on the sycthesis of carvestrene (Proc., 1906, 22, 268), the authors have prepared m-cineol, I 0-by the action of magnesium methyl iodide on ethyl cyclohexanone-3- carboxylic acid, and the cis- and tram-modifications of m-mentimiz,e- t,ained. ADDITIOKS TO THE LIBRARY. II. l’wehse. Arrhenius, h’vaizte. Immunochemie. Rnwendungen der physi-kalischen Chemie auf die Lehre von den physiologischen Antikorpern. Uebersetzt von Alexis Finkelstein. pp. vii +204. Leipzig 1907. (Reed.20/2/07.) Berthelot, Narcellin. Trait; pratique l’nnalyse des gaz. pp. ix + 483. ill. Paris 1906. (Recd. 20/2/07.) Calmette, A. Avec la collaboration de E. Rolants, F. Constant, E. Boullanger, L. Massol, et A. Buisine. Recherches SUF l’bpuration biologique et chimique des eaux d’8gout. 2 vols. pp. v + 194-, iv + 314. ill. Paris 1905-7. (lied. 20/2/07.) Donath, Educwd, und Frenzel, Kusd Die technische Ausnu tzung des atmosparischen Stickstoffes. pp. v +250. Leipzig 1907. (Recd. 20/2/07.) Wiley, Narveg W. Principles and practice of agricu ltural analysis. A manual for the study of soils, fertilizers, and agricultural products. Second edition. Vol. I, Soils. pp. xii+636. Easton, Pa. 1906. (Recd. 20/2/07.) 67 ANNIVERSARY DINNER.It hats been arranged that the Fellows of the Society and their friends shall dine together at the Whitehall Rooms, Hotel Mi.tropole, at 6.30 for 7 o’clock, on Friday, March 22nd,1907 (the day fixed for the Annual General Meeting). The pike of the tickets will be One Guinea each, including wine. All applications for tickets must be received not later than Friday, March 15th next. Tickets will be forwarded to Fellows on receipt of a remittance for the number required, made payable to “Mr. S. E. Carr ’)and addressed to the Assistant Secretary, Chemical Society, Burlington House, TV. At the Annual General Meeting on Friday, March Bkd, the President will deliver an address entitled “The Position and Prospects of Chemical Research in Great Britain.” On Thursday, June 13th, Professor J.B. Farmer, F.R,.S., will discourse on ‘(Some Borderline Problems in Botany.” ERRATA. 1906. P. 197, line 6 from bottom, and p. 198, line 6 from top,for “acetophenyloxalic ” read “benzoylpyruvic.” 1907. P. 33,line 15 from top, fo~“ 3-dimet,hylphenonaphthoxazone” read “ 3-dimethylaminophenonaphthoxazoue.” At the next Ordinary Meeting, on Thursday, Narch 7th, 1907, the following papers will be communicated : ‘(The constitution of chaulmoogric and hydnocarpic acids.’) By M. Barrowcliff and F. B. Power. b‘ Volume changes which accompany transformations in the system Na2S20,,5H20.” By H. 31.Dawson and C. G. Jackson. ‘(Hydrolysis of amygdalin by acids.” By R. J. Caldwell and S.L. Courtauld. “ Mandelonitrile-glucosides. The constitution of prulaurasin *” By R. J. Caldwell and S. L. Courtauld. R. CLAY AND SONS, LTD., BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., ANU BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9072300053
出版商:RSC
年代:1907
数据来源: RSC
|
|