摘要:
Issued 13/ I 2/07 PROCEIEDXNGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 23. No. 333. Thursday, December 5th, 1907, at 8.30 p.m., Sir WILLIAMRAMSAY, K.C.B., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The PRESIDENTannounced that Professor Wislicenus, of Tubingen, was arranging to establish it memorial to the late Professor Lothar Meyer. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Edward Philip Andreae, Ph.D., Crestalba, Champion Hill, S.E. Marie Joseph Arshe BrLtun, Ph.D., 5, Aspinall Road, Brockley, S.E William Henry Collier, 13, Powis Gardens, Bayswater, W. John Maxwell Heron, North House, Manningtree, Essex. Thomas Percy Hilditch, 4,Park Hall Place, E. Finchley, No Capet Darcy Morewood, Ferndale, Frodingham, Doncaster. Alfred,William Oke, B.A., LL.M., 32, Denmark Villas Hove.Douglas Robert Pinnoik, 31, The Gardens, E. Dulwich, S.E. Arthur Robert Runeekles, 68, Kyrle Road, New Wandsworth, S.W. Adolph Octavius Trechmann, The Old Palace, Rochester. Alfred Wade, Government Pharmacist, Fiji. Herbert Edmeston Watson, B.Sc., Tringhurst, Cranes Park, Surbiton. Harry Percy Wilson, 3, Audley Road, Colchester. 284 A ballot for the clection of Fellows was held, and the following were snbsequently declared duly elected : Arthur Johii Btiilks. Herbert Marsden, B. Ssc. Edward De Barry Barnett. Htibert Frederick Saukey hfarshall. John Forbes Bell. Gerald Hargrave Nartin. Frank Buckney, l3.A.-John Edward Langford 1looi.e. Thomas Callan, B.8c. Charles Samuel Mummery.Prederic Williarn C’aton, E. A., ( :eurge Joseph Saunders, R. E. E.Sc. William Hush Schobcr, A. JJ., George Hugh Crisp, 13.-4. R.Sci., Ph. D. Edward Henry Croglinn. Robert Harry Smith. Edward Joseph Day, M.D., Harold Ranisay Stobie. 11.B.c.s. Frederick Thonins, B.Sc. k’i ederick Harold Dapre. Yarold JIunl; niaii Tinipany, 31,Sc. Percy Vivian DuprB. George -4rthur Watson. Francis Bridger Dutton. Marcus Yrechsle~, D.Sc. Claude Scott Fawcitt. Edward Wheeler. Charles Thomas Foreman. Robert Whyinper, Thomas 12igby Greenough, B.A. Percy Williams, B.Sc. William Hay. David Willott, B.Sc. William Doge Hiitchinson, B.A. William John Wilson. Harry Ingham, M. Sc. Hubert Arthur Wootton, B. A,, Benjamin Owen Jones. u.sc. John Kaye, M.A.,B.Sc.Of the following papers, those marked * were read :-*239. ‘‘The affinity constants of bases as determined by the aid of methyl-orange.” (Preliminary note.) By Victor Herbert Veley. In a formel. communication (Tvans., 1907, 91, 155), it mas shown that if x be the units of 0.1 C.C. hydrochloric acid added to an iV/40,000 solution of methyl-orange, and y be the heights of a variable tinto- meter column, expressed in centimetres, required to produce the required match in tint, then y =ka:-t. In this expression, k is the essential factor (or constant) of 9 in terms of (1: and b is accidental. Certain values of k were obtained for hydrochloric acid, as also for the hydrochlorides of some aminocarboxylic acids. As it was thought that such values might serve to determine the amount of free hydrochloric acid, and hence the degree of hydrolysis of the hydrochlorides of bases, preliminary experiments were made with- out any special care with a sample of m-phenylenediamine hydro- chloride.It was then found with aqueous solutions of this salt con-taining an eyui-acidic quantity of this acid, whether free or combined, that the ratio ~[~C,H,(NH,),,2HCl)/kClICll=0.5 approximately. In other words, 30 per cent. of the salt is hydrolysed into the free base and acid. As the result is identical with that obtained by Bredig (Zeitsch. plqsiizrcl. L*hm~, it KAS thought that this very1894, 13, 31i), simple line of investigation might be pursued further. So far, the hydrochlorides of about 40 bases of vilrious degree of complexity, ranging from hydroxylamine to cinchonicline, have been examined. Several results are found to be in accordance with the expression of Arrhenius, kblh-,,= (1 -z)u/x2(Zeitsch.phpsikccl. C'hem, 1881, 5, 17), even at the great dilutions examined, whilst in the case of bases of analogous composition the ratio of the hydrolysis values found is nearly equal to the ratio of the heats of neutralisation with hydro- chloric acid. -+240. "The constituents of the essential oil of nutmeg." By Frederick Belding Power and Arthur Henry Salway. The niaterial eniployetl in this investigation consisted of an oil 13 hich was distilled from unliined Ceylon nutmegs of good quality, and ~vusobtained in a yield of 6.94 per cent.It had d l5"/15'= 0.8690 ;a, + 38'4' in a 1-dcm. tube ;acid value, 0.81 ;ester value, 3-15. The more complete examination of the oxygenated constituents of the oil was accomplished by means of a product, designated heavy oil of nutmeg, from which the terpenes had been to a large extent removed. This had cl 20°/200 = 1.102 ;al,+ 1'17' in a 1-dcm. tube ;saponification value, 6-10. This investigation has shown that the essential oil of nutmeg contains the following substances : (1) eugenol nnd (2) isoeugenol (about 0.2 per cent.); (3) d-pinene and (4) tl-caniphene (about 80 per cent,); (5) dipentene (about 8 per cent.); (6) d-linalool, (7) cl-borneol, (S) i-terpineol, and (9) geraniol (about 6 per cent.); (10) a new alcohol, yielding on oxidation a diketone, C,H,,O, (a very small amount); (11) a trace of an aldehyde resembling citral, but yielding tt P-na~~tAacinchoninicacid derivative melting at 348' ; (12) safrole (about 0.6 per cent.) ; (13) myristicin, C,,H,,O, (about 4 per cent.) ; (14) myristic acid, iu a free state (about 0.3 per cent.), and apparently a srnall amount in the form of esters ; (15) formic, acetic, butyric, and octoic acids, and a new mouocui*boxylic acid, CI3Hl8Oa,a11 in the form of esters, and in relatively small amount.This investigation has also shown that the portion of nutmeg oil which has hitherto been designated "inyristicol " is a mixture of alcohols, of which terpineol appears to be the predominating constituent. DISCUSSION.Dr. WADEremarked that none of the constituents which had been isolated seemed to possess the characteristic odour of nutmeg, and 286 asked whether the authors had been able to trace this odour to its ~ource. Dr. POWERstated that the characteristic odour of nutmeg oil is not that of any individual substance, but is due to the mixture of odorous compounds contained in the oil. 6‘’241. The resolution of sec.-octyl alcohol (methylhexylcarbinoi. Octane-2-01).” By Robert Howson Pickard and Joseph Kenyon. sec.-Octyl alcohol is readily converted into the acid phthalic ester, The dextro-sec.-uctyZ hydrogeib phthalate is then obtained by the fractional crystallisation of its byucine salt from acetone, and the corresponding Zcevo-compound by the fractional crystallisation of the cinchonidine salt from aqueous acetone.The sec.-octyl hydrogen phtlialates have [aID 48.2’ in ethyl-alcoholic solution, and when hydrolysed yield the pure alcohols which have 9.870, 242. (‘The velocity of reduction of the oxides of lead, cadmium, and bismuth by carbon monoxide, and the existence of the sub-oxides of these metals.” By Francis Joseph Brislee. The production of lead, cadmium, and bismuth suboxides by the reduction of the higher oxides with carbon monoxide has been investigated. The velocity of reduction of the oxides was determined by heating the oxides, contained in a porcelain boat, to 30OOin an apparatus in which carbon monoxide was circulated. The boat was withdrawn from time to time and the loss in weight observed.The time interval varied from oue and a half to six hours. The results were then plotted as time-reduction curves, and these showed a distinct break at the point at which the analytical composition of the product was near that required for the suboxide. The position of the break was not always at +he suboxide point!, the position depending on the relative velocities of the two reductions, namely : (1) Oxide -+ suboxide. (2) Suboxide -+ metal. When the velocity of (1) is very different from (2), then the break will occur at the point %hen the oxide is entirely reduced to suboxide. When these two velocities are not very different, the first stage of the reduction is (la) Oxide -+ suboxide -+ metal, 287 and the second is: (2a) Suboxide -+ metal, and then the break will occur below the point, corresponding to complete reduction of the oxide to suboxidc.The experiments made on the velocity of reduction of the oxides of lead, cadmium, and bismuth confirm Tanatar’s results (Zeitsch. anorg. Chem., 1901, 27, 304) that the suboxides of these metals are definite chemical corn-pounds, but do not prove the stability of these compounds. The suboxides of lead, cadmium, and bismuth are formed as intermediate phases in the rednction of the oxide to metal by carbon monoxide. 243. LL The relation between unsaturation and optical activity. Part I. The menthyl and bornyl esters of p-phenylpropionio, cinnamic, and phenylpropiolic acids.” By Thomas Percy Hilditch.In order to throw further light on Walden’s statement that increase of unsaturation in a compound is accompanied by increase in rotatory power, the author has prepared and investigated the properties of the menthyl and bornyl esters of the above three acids. Menthyl hydro- cinnamate (m. p. W),nienthyl phenylpropiolate (m. p. 33O), and bornyl phenylpropiolate (m. p. 45O) were obtained as nearly colourless, crystalline solids, whilst the other three esters were found to be liquid at the ordinary temperature. The boiling points of the compounds, as well as the specific gravities, seem to show a regular increase with in- crease of unsaturation, whilst the refractive indices rise with a change to a11 ethylenic linking, but fall to an intermediate value for the further change to an ncetylenic compound.The following conclusions were ;irrived at as regards optical activity : (1) The change in rotation for either change of coustitution is relatively small. (2) The changes are nevertheless perfectly definite, and occur in a regular manner for corresponding stages of unsaturation (the rotations being measured at three successive concentrations in each of two solvents, chloroform and acetone). (3) The conversiou of a saturated to an ethylenic bond is accompanied by an increase in optical activity, whilst the change from rz saturated to an acetylenic linking produces a decrease in rotatory power. (4) In the case of esters, the change in rotation must he measured with reference to the difference between the specific rotation of the ester and that of t,he active alcohol from which it was formed. (5) Walden's rebults are confirmed so f:ir as the change to an ethylenic linking is concerned, but there is a discrepancy with regard to trhe influence of the triple bond on the optical activit,y.244. '' Methyl ethers of some hydroxyanthraquinones." By Arthur George Perkin. The author has re-examined the principal non-tinctorial deriv:~tims of anthraquinone present in Chsy-root, Oldenlandia unibellata (Perkin and Hummel, I'rmzs., 1893, 63, 1160, and 1895, 67, S17), and finds, contrary to the suggestion of Bock (Monuts?~,1902, 23, 1008), that these cornpounds possess the constitution previously assigned to them, and do not contain reduced anthraquinone nuclei.The :tnthragallol dimethyl ether (A),m. p. 209, when treated with alcoholic potassium acetate, gives the salt, CI6Hl1O5K,in violet-coloured leaflets, and on methylation forms a?zthrugalloltrimetlql ellher, which crystallises in pale yellow needles, m.p. 167-168". Anthragallol dimethyl ether (B) on methylation gives the same trimethyl ether, but the melting points of this dimethyl ether and its acetyl derivative, previously given as 225-237' and 175" respectively, are now found to be 230-232" aid 176-1 78'. Experiinents indicate that, whereas in the compound (A) the methoxy-groups are present in the positions 1 : 3, in (R)they occupy the positions 1 :2.Alizarin a-methyl ether, m. p. 177--179", on methylation gives alizarin dimethyl ether, ni. p. 210--211°, and its acetyl compound, m. p. 212O, contains only one acetyl group. With potassium acetate, it gives a potassium salt, which forms garnet-red, prisniat'ic needles. Hptazariii monomethyl ether on methylation gives?hystaxarin diniethyd ether, yellow needles, m.p. 235-236O, identical with the compound prepared from hystazarin itself. Finally, the natural m-hydroxy-anthraquinone gave the methyl ether, 111. p. 192-193°. The so-called anthragallol dimethyl ether (C) was previously isolated in so small 24r~ amount that it could not be profitably re-examined, but, as the description of Bkk's dimethyl ether (Zoc. cit.) does not agree with that assigned to this compound, it is possibly not R distinct mibstance.A re-examination of emodin monomethyl ether (Perkin and Huinmel, Trans., 1894, 65, 923) has confirmed the properties, melting point. &c., previously assigned to it, so that Oesterle's conjecture that it is identical with his trihydroxyniethylanthraquinone monomethyl ether (Arch. Phc~?*m.,1907, 245, 287) is incorrect. 289 246. The colouring matters of the stilbene group. Part IV. Action of caustic alkalis on para-nitrotoluene and its derivatives.” ByArthur George Green, Arthur Hugh Davies. and Ronald Smith Horsfall. The authors find that the product of oxidation of substituted 21-nitrotoluenes under the influence of caustic alkalis is largely dependant on the reactivity of the particular compound employed, this being determined by the nature of the ortho-substituent. Thus, whilst the cyano-derivative (like the chloro-derivative and the phenyl sulphonate already investigated) gave only a stilbene derivative, dibenzyl compounds were obtained from the methyl, methoxy-, and carboxy-derivatives, and both stilbene and dibenzyl derivative$ from p-nitrotoluene itself. Those derivatives which react least easily with production of red condensation products yield dibenzyl compounds by preference, whilst those which react iimst readily ixnd forin violet, to blue condensation products give chiefly stilbene compounds.The results point to the conclusion that the condensation in question occurs in two stages, which may be inore or less concurrent according to the degree of reactivity of the substance.The product of the first stage, when oxidised, gives n dinitrodibenzyl, that of the second stage a dinitrostilbene : F]H;C’,;H,*IS’O, I3;H.C,H,*NO2 CHF,-C,H,*NO, CH.C, H,*NO, Substituents which increase the reactivity of the substance therefore favour the formation of stilbene compounds. A comparison of the relative reactivity of a number of such com- pounds under like conditions shows that, whilst the methyl, methoxy-, amino-, and carboxy-groups have but little influence on the reactivity, the more strongly electronegative groups, such as the sulphophenyl, cyano- and nitro-groups, exert x powerful effect, that of the nitro-group being the st,rongest.290 246. “The replacement of alkyl radicles by methyl in substituted ammonium compounds.” By Humphrey Owen Jones and John Robertshaw Hill. It has been shown previously (Proc., 1901, 17, 265 ; Trans., 1905, 87, 1726) that the ally1 and benzyl groups are readily displaced from amines or quaternary ammonium compounds by the methyl group on treatment with methyl iodide either at the ordinary temperature or at looo. The authors now find that the other alkyl groups, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and isoamyl, are all replaced by methyl, sometimes in the cold, but more easily on heating with methyl iodide. The two series of ammonium compounds derived from dimethyl-aniline and p-brornodimethylaniline (Hill, Proc.Camb. Phil. Soe., 1907, 14, 166) have been examined, and the phenyltrimethyl compound is the final product in each case. The replacement is due to the dissocia- tion of the ammonium salt, in methyl iodide solution, into tertiary amine and alkyl iodide, the tertiary amine then combines with methyl iodide to produce the trimethyl compound, which is, in each case, much the least soluble of all. The ease with which the different groups are replaced varies considerably, and is dependent jointly on the extent to which the dissociation takes place and on the solubility of the ammonium salt. The ethyl or isobutyl group is most readily replaced, @-&’<p $h&@%?mfll l%Wd tk?dl%pl&wa&Ad $A!?& C!’A%k%$& 247. “Note on the formation of abnormal platinichlorides.(A correction.)” By Albert Ernest Dunstan. In a recent communication (Dunstsn and Cleaverley, Trans., 1907, 91, 1619), the preparation of three platinichlorides of the general formula B,,II,PtCIG was described. These were thought to belong to a new type of platinichlorides, but this is now found to be a mistake, as Werner (Bey., 1903, 36:147) had collected all instances of such abnormalities known up to that date. Subsequently, Morgan and Micklethwait (Trans., 1906, 89, 863) added the cases of conmarin platinichloride and anrichloride, whilst Pickartl and Kenyon have described (l’ra92s., 1906, 89, 268) triethyl-, tripropyl-, and tribenzyl- phosphine oxide hydrogen platinichloridee, the latter of which had been prepared by Fleissner (Bcv., 1880, 13, 1665) and by Letts and Collie (Tmm.Ro!i.SOC.Bdin., 1888, 30, I, 181). 291 248. '(The nitrates of dimethyl- and methylethyl-thetine menthyl esters." By Samuel Smiles. The nitrates of dimethyl- and methylethyl-thetine menthyl esters were prepared by precipitating concentrated aqueous solutions of the bromides with aqueous ammonium nitrate. Dimethylthetine 1-naenthgl eeter nitrate forms colourless prisms which melt at 125-127' and are very sparingly soluble in cold water or ethyl acetate, but readily so in the hot media. In alcoholic solution, (1) 2 per cent. the salt has [aID -53.9" and [MID -1 73' approximately. iMethyletly1-d-1-thetine l-me?atlbyl ester nitrate has [MID about -178' in the same solvent; it melts at 120-122', and is slightly more soluble than the dimethyl derivative.The methylethyl salt was fractionally crystallised from ethyl acetate with a view to resolving the thetine into optical isornerides. The experiments have been hitherto unsucces~fuI, probably owing to the instability of the ester to which attention has already been drawn (Trans., 1905, 87, 451). The less soluble fraction contained the dimethylthetine ester, indicating the decomposition of the salt. The rotatory powers of the platinichlorides of the dimethyl and methyl-ethyl derivatives are corrected from these already given to [MI, -438' for the dimethyl and [MI,, -380' approximately for the methylethyl- thetine, that for the diethyl being, as before, [MI, -330".249. Synthesis of brazilinic acid and the lactones of dihydro-brazilinic and dihgdrohaematoxylinic acids. (Preliminary note.) By William Henry Perkin, jun., and Robert Robinson. Brazilinic acid is formed when trirnethylbrazilin is oxidised by permanganxte (Trc6its.,1902, 81, 1030) : and, on reduction, is converted into the lactone of dihydrobradinic acid : C,9H,,09+ 2H = C'19H,,08+H,O. Since these two acids contain the sdme number of carbon stoms a6 trimethylbrazilin, it seemed probable that the determination of their constitutions might yield information which would definitely prove the constitution of brazilin. The authors have succeeded in synthesising brazilinic acid, the lactone of dihydrobrazilinic acid, and also the corresponding lactone of dihydrohaematoxylinic acid by methods which leave no doubt as to their constitutions.292 Brazilimk acid (tu.p. 208') is obtained in small quantity when n inixture of na-methoxgphenoxgncetic ester and nz,-hemipinic anhydride is dissolved in carbon disulphide and treated with aluminium chloride. This synthesis clearly indicated that brszilinic acid must be represented by the formula (I), \/Me0 Me0 (I.) and further proof of this was obtained by the synthesis of the lactone of dihydrobwdiitic acid, which was accomplished in the following way. A mixture of resorcinol dime thylether and m-hemipinic anhydride, when treated with aluminium chloride, yields ?~y~rox?/trimet~ox~/-I/tvaxoylbenxoic acid (11).Reduction with sodium amalgam converts khis acid into Tiydvoxy-met~o~~p?~eityk-m-meconine(m. p. 207") (111) : O*?H, Me0 "\OH BgeO/\/,' CO, ~1 i I \// When this substatice is; treated with chloroacetic acid and potitssium hydroxide, it is converted into an acid which melts at 226-2279 and is identical with the lactone of diliydrobraailiitic acid. The latter acid must therefore have the constitution (IV). This synthesis not only confirms the constitution given above to brazilinic acid, but t3he authors consider that it proves clearly that brazilin must be represented by the constitutional formula (V), 293 (Ir.) (1'1.: first suggested by Werner and Yfeiffer (Chelrz. Zeitsch., 1904, 3, 421). The Zactone of dihydrohamatoxylinic acid (m.p. 192') was similarly synthesised from pyrogallol trimethyl ether and m-hemipinic anhydride by treatment with aluminium chloride and subsequent reduction and treatment with potassium hydroxide and chloroacetic acid. The con-stitution for haematoxylin is therefore derived from the above formula for brazilin by the introduction of a hydrosy-group at the point in-dicated by the asterisk. An entirely different series of experiments on brazilein, carried out in conjunction with Paul Engels, has shown that the constitution of this important substance is represented by (VI), an expression easily derived from the formula of brazilin given above. In the detailed account of the authors' experiments, it mill be further shown that the important derivatives of trimethylbradin, namely, trimethyl brazilone, a-anhydrotrimethylbrazilone and $-trimethyl brazilone, haw constitu-tions represented by the formulx! : &led)/\I \/\/ \C'(0H) CH, \/\/--\ \-/ \ -/ /\ /\\--/\--/ OMe OMeOMe OMe 294 250.4L Condensations of ketones containing the group *CH,*CO-CH: with esters in presence of sodium ethoxide.” By Reginald William Lane Clarke, Arthur Lapworth, and Elkan Wechsler. It bas already been shown (Tmns., 1907, 91, 1919) that when cyanodihydrocarvone, which contains the above grouping, is acted on by nitrous esters in presence of sodium ethoxide, the attack occurs at the .CH: group. It is now proved that menthone reacts in the same way, although when alkyl formates are used under analogous conditions it is the *CH,*group which is reactive.Pulegone appears first to be converted into isopulegone, which then behaves like menthone, yielding a hydroximino-acid having the structure : :H3>C C(:NOH).C!H,*CHI,*CH(CH,)*CH,*CO,H.LH, Rromocamphor yields only isonitrosocamphor, and fenchone, in accordance with Semmler’s view of its constitution, is quite un-affected. The fact, that esters of different kinds, acting under the influence of sodium ethoxide and similar agents, appear to select different points for attack on ketones containing the group -CH,*CO*CH:,is shown to be of considerable importance in connexion with the question of the mechanism of syntheses brought a bout by such agents.251. rc Acylogens and thiocarbamides.” By Augustus Edward Dixon and John Taylor. Following up their previous inquiries in the above direction (Trams., 1907, 91,912. Compare also Dixon and Hawthorne, ibid., 122), the authors have now studied the behavionr of certain acyl chlorides with allyl-substituted thiocarbamides, and of phenylthiocarbamide with halogenised acyl halides. -4cetyl chloride unites with allylthiocarbamide to form C,H5*NH*C(NH)*SAc,HCl, white crystals, melting at 103-104’. On withdrawal of the com-bined halogen acid by weak alkali, the acetyl group migrates with production of C3H,*NAc*CS*NH,, m. p. 96O, the latter, when melted, undergoing further change into C,H,*NH*CS*NHAc, m. p. 74’ ; of these three isomeric forms, the first alone is basic.With ccb-phenylallylthiocarbamide, acetyl chloride yields ,V-phenyl- proyylene-$-thiourea (Prager, Ber.., 1889, 22, 2993). Methyl chlorocarbonate gives with ab-yhenylallylthiocarbamide the compound C,H,.NH*C~(NPb)*8*CO,Me,HCI,m. p. 87’ ; from this, 295 water eliminates the halogen acid, and the carboxymethyl group there- upon migrates to form C,H,-N(CO,Me)*CS*NHPh, m. p. 83’. Ethyl chlorocarbonate behaves similarly, the hydrochloride melting at 96*, and yielding by treatment with water the corresponding trisubstituted thiocarbamide as a non-basic oil. Chloroacetyl chloride and bromopropionyl bromide react readily with phenylthiocarbamide, but not to produce additive compounds ; instead, two molecules of halogen acid are eliminated, one of which passes off, the other remaining corribined with the product, a ring compound, either “phenylt hioh ydant oin ,’’ or its methylic homo-logue, as the case niay be.Acetyl chloride combines with benzyl-$-thiourea, NH,*C(NH)*S*CH,Ph, furnishing the hydrochloride of an acetyl derivative, and, conversely, benzyl chloride unites additively with acetylthiocarbamide ; whether the products are identical or isomeric could not be decided, owing to the readiness with which they decompose yielding benzyl mercaptan. 252. “The alkyl compounds of gold.” By William Jackson Pope and Charles Stanley Gibson, The authors have prepared inoiaoethylauric dibromide, (C,H,) AuBr,, and amminodiethylauric bromide, (C,H,),AuBr,NH (compare also Proc., 1907, 23, 245).253. The refractive power of diphenylhexatriene and allied hydrocarbons.’’ By Ida Smedley. The molecular refractions of diphenyl butadiene and diphenyl-hexatriene (Proc., 1907, 23, 162) were measured and compared with those of other hydrocarbons. Sufficient data have been obtained to calculate the influence of the phenyl and the ethenoid groups in unsaturated hydrocarbons. In each case, the refractive power of the group increases markedly as the number of unsaturated groups with which it is conjugated increases. The influence of the hexatriene structure is always greater than that of the benzene ring, a result considered by the author to be at variance with the representation of the benzene molecule as a closely conjugated system of double bonds.ADDITION8 TO THE LIBRARY. Cohen, Julius 6. Organic chemistry for advanced students. pp. viii + 632. London 1907. (Becd. 28/11/07.) From the Author. Goppelsroeder, FriedricJb. Neue Capillar- uncl Cspillaranalytische Wntersuchungen. pp. xiv + 81. ill. Basel 1907. ( ZZecd. 22/11/07.) From the Author. Hutton, Frederick )Vo~?kcsto?z. The lesson of evolution. 2nd edition. pp xxiv + 301. Printed for private circulation, [Erith] 1907. (Kecd. 7/11/07.) From 31m. F. W. Hutton. Kingzett, C?zrcrZe.s Y~o~)Ec~s.Nature's hygiene and sanitary chemistry: containing also 8 special account of the chemical and hygienic characters of eucalyptus, pine and camphor forests, and some industries connected therewith.5th edition. pp. xvi + 527. London 1907. (Red 27/11/07.) Prom the Authoi*. 11. &iPzcrchccse. Xayow, Johz. Xedico-physical works. Being ;I translation of Tmctatus quinque ozedico-p?@sici, 1674. (Alembic Club Reprints, Xo. 17.) pp. xxiii+ 331. ill. Edinburgh 1907. (22ecd. 22/11/07.) Meyer, Victor, and Jacobson, Pccul. Lehrbuch der organischcn Clhemie. 2 Auflage, Band I. i. 3. pp. 449-1060. Leipzig 1007. (JZecd. 14/11/07.) Wiley, Harvey W. Foods and their adulteration. Origin, manu- facture, and composition of food products ; descriptiou of common adulterations, food standards, and national food laws and regulations. pp. xii+625. ill. London [printed in d4nierica] 1907. (Becd. 22/11/07.) Borns, €Ien.ry. Die Elektrochemie in Jahre 1906.(From the Chem. Industrie, 30, 1907.) Burgess, G. K. Xelting points of the iron group elements by a, new radiation method. (From the Bull. Bureau qf Standards, 3, 1907.) Neogi, Pa3tcliaclzan. Notes from the Chemical Laboratory of the Presidency College. Sote So. 1. A new method of peparing mercurous iodide. (From the J. md PTOC.Asiatic $5'0~.of Jengal, 3, 1907.) 397 Sandberg, i‘hrister Peter. The chmnical coniposition of steel rails and latest improvemen ta. (From the Trans. Engirzeering Cowfwence, Znst.C.I?. , 1907.) Schaefer, Theodore W. The contamination of the air of our cities with sulphur dioxide, the cause of respiratory disease. (From the Boston .led. and Surg. Jour., 157, 1907.) Svedberg, The.Studien zur Lehre von den kolloicleu Liisungen. (From the Nova Acta Reg. h’oc. &i. Ups., [ iv J, 2, 1907.) Watts, Oliver Patterson. An investigation of the borides and the silicides. (From the RzdL Univ. rVisconsGz. Enginawing Ser., 3, 1906.) At the next Ordinary Meeting, on Thursday, December 19th, 1907, at 8.30 p.n, the followirig papers will be communicated : 4‘ Derivatives of tetramethyl glucose.” Ry J. C. Irvine nnd A. M. Moodie. ‘‘ The characterisation of mercerised cotton.” (Preliminary note.) By J. Hiibner. i( Attempted synthesis of ’-?-’p-CH-P dinaphthacridine : Condensa-tion of methylene dichloride and Z-substituted-2-naphthylamines.” By A. Senier and P. C. Austin.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9072300283
出版商:RSC
年代:1907
数据来源: RSC