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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 23, No. 327 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 23,
Issue 327,
1907,
Page 157-176
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摘要:
Issued 18/6/07 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 23. No.32’7. Thursday, June 6th, 1907, at 8.30 p.m., Sir WILLIAMRAJISAY, R.C.B., F.R.S., President., in the Chair. Messrs. A. T. Cameron, G. Fowles, S. W. Smith, and J. W. Yates mere formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Frank Buckney, B.A., 51, Highbury Park, N. William Hay, Holton House, Beverley Road, Hull. George Joseph Saunders, B.E., School of Mines, Charters Towers, Queensland, Australia.. Ddvid Willott, B.Sc., Rosedale, Thorncroft Road, Sutton, Surrey. Hubert Arthur Wootton, B.A., B.Sc., 20, Great College Street, Westminster, S.W. Of the following papers, those iiiarked * were read : *117. “The relation between absorption spectra and chemical con- stitution.Part. VII. Pyridine and some of its derivatives.” By Frank Baker and Edward Charles Cyril Baly. The authors have made a spectroscopic examination of pyridine and its substitution products, with the object of determining the influence of the nitrogen atom and also the constitution of the pyridones. It mas shown how the nitrogen atom tends to restriiin the motions of the 158 ring, this restraint being very much lessened by the addition of acid to the solutions. A very similar effect is produced by the substitution by chlorine, inasmuch as the basicity of the nitrogen is thereby con-siderably reduced, In the case of the oxypyridines, the a-andp-compounds were shown to be true pyridones, whilst the P-isomeride possesses the hydroxylic configuration."118. "The interaction of methylene chloride and the sodium derivative of ethyl malonate." By Frank Tntin. The reaction which takes place when methylene chloride is heated with an alcoholic solution of the sodium derivative of ethyl malonate has been studied, and the following three crystalline by-products resulting from the condensation were examined. 1. A sodium salt crystallising from alcohol in yellow leaflets. 2. An acid crystallising in needles, which melt at 132O. 3. An acid obtained in small needles, which are insoluble, or nearly so, in all solvents. The yellow sodium salt was obtained by Perkin and Prentice (Trans., 1891, 59, 991), but was not further examined by them.It has the formula C,,H,,O,Na, and yields R liquid acid, C,,H,,O,* CO,H, which gires n violet coloration with ferric chloride. On hydrolysis, this acid first gives an acid melting at 305O, but, when completely hydrolysed, yields a tetracarboxylic acid, C,H8(C0,H), (m. p. 138--139'). The latter compound, a1though melting at the same temperature as cis-cyclohexane- 1: 2 : 4 :5-tetracarboxylic acid, is not identical with it. The substance melting at 132" possesses the formula Cl*H,,O,(CO,H),,and, on hydrolysis, yields an acid melting at 306'. The insoluble substance is hydrolysed by sodium carbonate, giving a sodizci?z salt, C3,H3,0,0Na,,6H,0, crystallising in white needles ; the corresponding potasrrium salt is insoluble and anhydrous. The acid, C,,H,,O,,(CO,H),, obtained from these salts crystallises in leaflets melting at ZOO".*I19. ('The constitution of the diazo-compounds.'' By John Cannell Cain. None of the formulz hitherto proposed for the diazo-salts can. account for the great ease with which such compounds lose their diazo- nitrogen. Nitrogen attached to the benzene ring, as, for example, in the case of aniline, is readily eliminated only by oxidation, and 159 Ostrogowich and Silbermann have recently shown that in this process aniline probably assumes the tautomeric form H,:/=\:NH.\=/ As the diazotisation process closely resembles this reaction the author proposed for diazobenzene salts (chloride) the quinonoid formula.this bears much analogy to the formula of quinoncchloroimide, which also loses nitrogen on boiling with water. The new formula explains why, in compounds where the atom in the para-position to the amino-group is already saturated, no diazo-salt can be formed, thus, for example, ac-tetrahydronaphthylamine and 4-aminoquinoline yield no diazo-salts. For a similar reason no aliphatic diazo-chlorides are known. The corresponding formula for the diazohgdroxide may, unlike the chloride, give rise to two tautomeric forms : the latter of which represents the constitution of the normal or syn-diazo-compounds and is closely related to the formula for the iso-or anti-compounds : /’-\N:\--/N oH , As these formuh fully explain the reactions of the diazo-componuds the stereochemical theory is rendered unnecessary.The following recommendations as to nomenclature were suggested. (i) The word ‘‘diazoniiim ” should be retained for the diazo-salts. (ii) The normal or sp-metallic diazo-compounds should be called normal diazo-oxides or diazo-oxides. (iii) The iso-or anti-compounds should be called iso-diazo-oxides. DISCUSSION. Dr. MORGANsaid that the retention of the quinquevalency of the salt forming nitrogen atom and the representation of the mobility of the diazo-group N, by means of the doubly linked attachment to the aromatic nucleus were both strong arguments in favour of the new formula for diazonium salts. It must, however, not be forgotten that 160 other types of diazo-derivatives, the diazoamines and the acyl-p-diazo- imides, for example, also readily give up their diazo-nitrogen, and it still remained to be seen whether this formulation could be extended to those cases.The new formula represented diazonium salts as substances of a yuinonoid type, but so long as the radicle in the para- position to the diazo-nitrogen was hydrogen or a simple saturated group (methyl, methoxyl, &c.) there was no development of colour; when, however, this hydrogen was replaced by a complex aromatic group then the compound exhibited colour. The stable yellow diazo- salts having the general formula I mere a case in point (Gain, Trans., 1905, 87,5). / N (1.1 Having been engaged for some time in the investigation of com-pounds of this nature he hoped, in conjunction with Mr.Wootton, to bring forward at the next meeting a complete series of coloured stable diazo-salts (formula TI) derived from p-nminobenzo-a-naphthal-ide. A formula such as t,liat advocated by Dr. Cain afforded a satisfactory explanation of the propel ties and reactions of these substances. drew attention to the coloured diazonium salts which Dr. HEWITT bad been cbtained by different chemists. Some of the earliest to be isolated were those derived from p-semidine bases ; these were not merely coloured, but Jacobson found that they were remarkably stable to heat. The diazonium salts prepared by Dr. Cain and Dr. ISIoi-gan were coloured and stable, and like Jacobson’s compounds could be represented with a true quinonoid structure. Dr.LAPWORTHpointed out that if, as this ingenious formulation indicated, one of the nitrogen atoms in the diazo-group was attached to the carbon atom in the para-position to that linked to the other nitrogen atom, it bad to be assumed that the new carbon- nitrogen linking mas very much more unstable than that which repre- sented the normal link between the diazo-group and the benzene nucleus. Yet the former was represented as a single bond, whilst st double one was assumed in the latter case to account for its in- stability. Had Dr. Cain any explanation of the fact that during the changes of diazo-compounds nitrogen had never been found at the point where his formula suggested it should, at least occasionally, be discovered ? Dc.CAIN,in reply to Dim. Lapwortb, pointed out that the linking 161 in the group N*CH was usually a very unstable one, and in the present case wits largely influenced by the condition of the linkings in the benzene nucleus. *120. L6 Dibromoaminoazobenzene.” Ey John Theodore Hewitt and Norman Walker. A dibromoaininoitzobenzene, produced by the action of bromine on an aclueons alcoholic solution of aminoazobenzene, has been described by Berju (Ber., 1884, 17, 1403), who gives the melting point as 152’ and has not cletermiued the constitution of the compound. The present authors firid that the action of bromine on an acetic acid solution of aminonzobenzene in presence of sodium acetate gives benzeneazo-oo-dibromomiline, m.p. 168’. This forms the chief con-stituent of the product obtained by Eerju’s method. The cliucetyl derivative melts at 137O, the clibenzoyl derivative at 329O. The constitution was determined by reduction with sodirim hyposulphite, the 2 : 6-dibromo-1 : 4-phenylenediarnine of m. p. 138’ (E. Noelting, E. GIandmougin, and 0. Nichel, Rer., 1892, 25, 5334) being isolated. 121. Li Phenol p-sulphoxide.” By Samuel Smiles and Alexander William Bain. The authors descrilJed the prepam tion of pJheizoZ p-sulpltozide, and showed that its properties differ widely from those assigned by Schall and Uhl (Ber.,1892, 25, 1893) to the substance obtained by the action of fused alkali hydroxide on the dyestuff rubbadin, and to which they attribnteil the same coustitution.The cundeuwtion of phenol y-sulphouide with salicylic acid yields cZi-p-hytll.oxy~hen?/lsalicyl-IAet ine. 122. G p-Cresol sulphoxide and sulphide.” By Samuel Smiles and Thomas Percy Hilditch. These substances were obtained during an investigation of the action of dehydrating agents on ortho-hydroxjsulphoxides. p-Cs*esoZ sulphoxide is formed by the interaction of 21-cresol, altiminium chloride, and thiouyl chloride. It crystallises in needles, wliich melt at 191’ and are soluble in alcohol or hot wnter ; it dissolves in strong sulphuric acid with a deep blue colour, but, unlike the other hydroxysulphoxides which have been prepared, this colour is not discharged by the addition of a phenolic ether (Smiles and Le Rossignol, Trans., 1906, 89, 701).When the blue solution is mixed with w:tter n pink solid is pre- 162 cipitated. The same substance \Vils obtained by boiling the sulphoxide with phosphoryl chloride ; it is soluble in aqueous alkali hydroxide, and the yellow solution on shaking with benzoyl chloride yields a colourless benzoyl derivative. The substance also furnishes a platini-chloride, On account of the amorphous character of these compounds the investigation has been abandoned. Dibenxoyl-p-cresol sulphoxicle melts at, 173”. p-Cresol sulphide was prepared by reduction of the sulphoxide ; it crptallises from a mixture of acetic acid and water in colourless needles, which melt at 101--103°. ‘6123.Molecular weight of P-naphthol in solution in solid naphthalene.” By Edgar Philip Perman and John Hughes Davies. The vapour pressures of solid naphthalene, of P-naphthol, and of isomorphous mixtures of these substances, at 70°,were estimated by aspirating a known volume of air through a glass spiral containing the solid, and determining the loss of weight. The mean yapour pressures obtained were : naphthalene, 3.751 mm. of mercury ; /?-naphthol, 0.1134 mm. ; solid solution of 5 parts of /?-naphthol to 100 parts of naphthalene, 3.592 mm. ; 10 parts to 100, 3.476 mm. ; 15 parts to 100, 3.350 mm. ‘l’he corresponding nioleciilrtr weights calculated are 151, 175, and 194 respectively. It is concluded that in dilute solutions, P-naphthol has the same molecular weight as in the gaseous state, whilst it associates in more concentrat’ed solutions.124. Synthesis of hexatriene derivatives.” (Preliminary note.) By Ida Smedley. Experiments undertaken with the object of preparing a serius of hexatriene det ivatives by the elimination of chlorine from aa-dichloro-7-alkyl-propyienes having led t ) unsuccessful results (Proc., 1906, 22, 158) the method adopted by Van Romburgh and Dorssen (Proc. K. Akad. Wetensch. Amstei*dam, 1905, 8, 565) for the preparation of the simplest member of the series, C,H,, was applied. The formate of tlihydrocinuamoiu was prepared ; this readily resinifies and does not therefore afford a convenient method of synthesis of the pure diphen ylhexa triene, C,H,*CH:CH*CH:CH CH CH*C,H,. This hydrocarbon may, however, be obtained by the condensation of phenylisocrotonic acid with cinnamaldehyde in the presence of acetic anhydride.From acetone or benzene solution, it is deposited in pale 163 yellow crystals, melting at 194”. The dilute benzene solution exhibits a remarkable blue fluorescence. 125. (‘The reduction of aromatic nitro-compounds to azoxy-derivatives in acid solution.” By Bernhard Flurscheim and Theodor Simon. According to a general rule, azo- and azoxy-compounds are formed when aromatic nitro-compounds are reduced in alkaline solution, but never in presence of free mineral acids. One of the authors has, however, previously shown (J.pr. Chegm., 1905,[ii], 71,497) that it is often possible to isolate the azoxy-compound in acid solution ;ISwell, sometimes even in theoretical yield, and that the above-mentioned law must be abandoned.It was, however, further necessary to determine the conditions which favour the formation of azoxy-products or prevent it. To render this possible, an exact separation of the substances, resulting from the reduction of nitro-compounds by means of stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid in alcoholic solution, had to be effected. To this end fhe first part of the present research has been devoted, and the authors have succeeded in separating quantitatively the products of reduction, namely, amines, aminophenols, azoxy- and aminoazoxy-compounds from each other and from the unattacked nitro-compounds.With the help of these new methods, more than sixty reductions have been carried out, with varying quantities of acid, and under changing conditions. The following nitro-compounds have been used : nitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, 2 : 4-dinitrotoluene, 4 : 6-dinitro-71%-xylene, 1-chloro-2 :4-dinitrobenzene, 1-bromo-2 :4-dinitrobenzene, 3 :5-dichloro-4-bromonitrobenzene,2 :4-dinitrodiphenylamine, and pnitrobenzaldehyde. The chief results may thus be briefly sum-marised : (1) Reduction in acid, neutral, and alkaline solutions proceeds in accordance with Haber’s hypothesis, nitroso-and hydroxylamino- derivatives being successively formed. (2) The formation of azoxy-compounds during reduction is due to a condensaticn of hydroxylamino- and nitroso-derivatives.(3) This condensation can only take place when the residual affinity of the tervalent nitrogen atom in the hydroxylamino-compound is not saturated. (4) Such saturation taking place, when salts are formed anything favouring dissociation of these Ealr s, for instance, negative substituents in the nucleus, also favours condensation, whilst increasing quantities of acid tend to prevent it. 164 (5) A diniinittion in the velocity of reduction favours con-densation. (6) Ortho-substituents diminish tho velocity both of reduction and condensation ; these being opposite influences, the influence of ortho-substituents on the formation of szoxy-compounds vaiies with their nature, some favouring condensation (bromine, kc.), others tending to prevent it (methyl, ckc.).All the results can be depicted graphically, the percentage of azoxy-compounds produced forming for each substance a curve falling with increasing quantities of acid used. In the absence of ortho-subst ittition, nit1o-compounds with stroiigly negative uucleris sub-stit iients yield curves running above those obtained with less negative radivles. 126. Action of selenium and tellurium on arsine and stibine.” By Francis Jones. In continuance of his previous work (Jou9-92.Chew. Soc., 1876, Ci41), where it was shown that sulphur decomposes arsine and stibine in piesence of light in accordance with the equation 2SbH3+6S= Sb,S, + 3H,S, the author hits now investigated the action of these bydrides on the elements analogous to sulphur, namely, seleuium and tellurium, in presence and absence of light and at 100”.The results are shown in the following table : Element. Hydride. Resril t. III Sulpi1ur ....,, SLH:, Reacts slowlySelenium.. ... SbH, lleacts Tellurium ... SbH, Reacts Sulphur . . ..., SbH, Reacts slowly Sulphur ... ASH,, Reacts slowlyPelei~iuni... . . . SbH, Reacts slowly Selenium ... ASH$ No action Tellurinm ,. , YbH, Reacts very ‘l’elluriuni ... ASH, No act ion slowly Sulpliur ...... SbH, No action Sulphur .. ASH, No action Seleninm.. ... SbH, Reacts slightly Seleniuni ... ASH, No action Tellurium . . SbH, No actioii Tellurium ... AsH, No action 165 It mas previously shown that the facility of the decomposition of the hydrides increases with the rise in the molecular weight of these gases, phosphine being very slowly decomposed, arsine more rapidly, and stibine very rapidly.Tt is now found that the action of these hydrides on sulphur, selenium, and tellurium corresponds with the rise in the atomic weights of these elements, stibine being readily decomposed by sulphur, more slowly by selenium, and still more slowly by tellurium. An exception was noticed in the case of stibine, which acts on selenium even in the dark. In the course of the investigation it was observed that arsine reacts mit’h solution of lead acetate, producing a black precipitate, probably at] arsenide of lead, the composit’ion OF which varied in different preparations.127. ‘‘ The double nitrites of mercury and the alkali metals.’’ By Prafulla Chandra R&y. Mercuric nitrite forms a series of double salts with the nitrites of potassium, sodium, and lithium in which 1 molecule of the former combines with 1, 18, 2, 3, and 4 molecules of the latter. 128. ‘‘Silver-mercuroso-mercuric hydroxynitrates and the iso-morphous replacement of univalent mercury by silver.” By Prafulla Chandra RQy. When x solution containing mercuroso-mercuric nitrite and silver- mercuric nitrite is allowed to evaporate spontaneously, a series of silver-mercuroso-mercuric hydroxynitrates crystallises out. In each of these salts a part of the mercurous mercury is isoniorphously replaced by silver. 129. ‘(The molecular weights of amides in various solvents.” (Pre-liminary note.) By Andrew Norman Meldrum and William Ernest Stephen Turner.In the course of an investigation into the molecular condition of typical amides in various solvents, the authors bave found that the molecules of trichlorolactamide, of benzanilide, and of salicjlamide are associated in benzene solution even at the boiling point, and those of benzamide in benzene, in chloroform, and in acetone solution. No case of association in alcohol solution has been discovered, acetamide, monochloroaeetamide, and benzamide giving normal results. In the case of amides derived from stronger organic 166 acid E than thebe, the ‘bmolecular weights ” in alcohol are abnormally low. The results obtained with water as solvent are unexpected, associa- tion being found in at least three cases, acetamide, benzamide, and salicylamide.130. “Some experiments on the oxidising action of hydrogen peroxide.” (Preliminary note.) By William Henry Perkin, jun. During the course of researches on the constitution of brazilin and baematoxylin, the observation was made that certain of their derivatives, when treated with hydrogen peroxide (30 per cent.) and acetic acid, were readily oxidised with the formation of new substirnces the investigation of which will, it is hoped, throw much light on the constitutions of these important natural colouring matters. Thus, for example, brazibein, C16H902(OH)3,is under these con-dit ions concerted into a substance, CI6Hl4O9, which crystallises in brown needles and trimethylbraxilein, C1,H902(OMe),, yields a colourless crystalline substance, C,,H,,O,, which melts at 218’ with decom-position.The detailed description of these and other similar oxidation experiments of brazilein and hamatein is referred for a subsequent communication. Experiments of a mole general nature seem to indicate that hydrogen peroxide may prove to be a reagent of considerable import- ance, especially in connexioi with analytical researches. It appears, for example, to react readily with aa-diketones and generally with substances possessing quinonoid structure. Bemil is readily attacked, when its suspension iu a little acetic acid is mixed with hydrogen peroxide and warmed on the water-bath, and the product contains large quantities of benzoic acid and a pale yellow oil which has not yet been investigated.When phenanthrenequinone (5 grams) suspended in glacial acetic acid (15 c.c.) and hydrogen peroxide (5 c.c.) is heated at 90-95O, the crystals soon dissolve and the solution, on dilution with water, deposits 5 grams of pure diphenic acid, a method which is by far the most convenient for the preparation of this important acid. Aurin, under similar conditions, is very readily attacked by hydrogen peroxide with formation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoquinone. Obviously the aurin is, in the first place, oxidised to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and quinol, (C6H,*OH)2C:C,H,:0 + 2H20,=C,H,(OH)*CO,H +2C6H,(OH),, and the latter is then further oxidised to benzoquinone.It will be 167 shown, in a later comrnunicttion, that this decomposition is of import-ance in connexion with the determination of the constitution of brazilein and haernatein. The special value which appears to attach to hydrogen peroxide lies in the fact that it can be employed to oxidise phenolic substances, like br.Lzilein and aurin, without the usual and often very laborious routice of protecting the hydroxyl groups by methylation. Experiments are in progress with the view of deter-mining the special conditions under which hydrogen peroxide may be employed with success. The presence of acetic acid appears to be generally advantageous, but other solvents may be employed, and, in some cases, the oxidation of phenolic substances has been found to proceed well in alkaline solution. 131.‘‘ Action of hydroxylamine on o-benzoquinonediazides (o-diazophenols). 3 :5-Dibromo-o-azoiminobenzoquinone(4 :6-dibr omo-Bhydr oxyp hen ylazoimide).” (Preliminary note.) By Kennedy Joseph krevit6 Orton, William Charles Evans, and Emrgs Morgan. The simple means of preparing the benzoqriinonediazides, especially the halogen-o-benzoquinonediazides,from the s-trihalogendiazonium salts of weak acids (Orton, Trans.,1903,83, 796), a reaction in which a halogen atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group, has permitted of a detailed study of the behavioiir of these substances with .z number of reagents. The recent appearance of a 1 aper by Forster and Fierz on ‘6 Aromatic Azoimides” (T29nns., 1907, 91, 855), in which is described the preparation of p-hyd1oxyphenylazoimide from p-diazophenol and hydroxylamine, shows that it is advisable to make a preliminary announcement of one of the authors’ results. 0..N/-\Br3 : 5-Dibromo-o-benzoquinonediazide, \=/ (Orton, Zoc. cit.), Br reacts very readily with hydroxylamine in alcohol solution, the reaction being completed if the hydrogen chloride of the hydroxylamine hydro- clrchloride is replaced by a weak acid neutralised by a base. On adding water to the resulting alcoholic solution, the axoimide, the yield of which is quantitative, separates in yellowish-brown needles melting at 98O, the molten material decomposing slowly a few degrees above the melting point.The azoimide is readily soluble in all organic solvents except light petroleum, and is slightly soluble in water, to which it imparts a bright yellow colour. It has a decided acid character, dissolving in solutions of alkali hydr-oxides and carbonates. In anhydi ous solvents, it also appears to corn- 168 bine directly with hydrogen chloride. The azoimide dissolves in sul- phuric acid with the evolution of nitrogen, the solution acquiring a deep magenta colour. With bromine it yields a t etrabromoaminophenol. Inasmuch as the szoinrido-group does not in itself confer colour, whilst this compound is deeply coloured, the authors are inclined to give it provisionally n qiiinonoid structure, thus : 0..3 :5-Dibromo-2-nitro-p-ben zoy uinonedinzide and 4-bromo-o-naphtha-quinonediazide (Orton, Zoc. cit.) react simihr ly with hydroxylamine. 132. ‘‘Oxirne formation and decomposition in presence of mineral acids.” By Arthur Lapworth. The conver,-ion of stable hydroximido-compounds into the corre-sponding ketones or aldehydes is as a rule to be effected by the use of hydrochloric acid in presence of formaldehyde. isoNitrosocamphor, for exiirnple, gives an excellent yield of camphorquinone, and even ciiruphoroxime may be lpartially converted into camphor by this method, which zippews to be the most general hitherto discovered. The formaldehyde is converted into formic acid in the process, while the nitrogen of the oxime appears mainly as ammonium chloride.The hydrolytic action of mineral acids on oxirnes appears to he a reversible one, which is possibly, in part, the explanation of the favourable influence of the formaldehyde In the above instances. When hydroxylamine, formaldehyde, and concentrated hydrochloric acid are heated together, formic acid, ammonium chloride, and methylammoninm chloride are formed. When benzaldehyde is substituted for form-aldehyde, benzaldoxime and, sometimes, benzonitrife, are formed. Camphorquinone yields camphorimide, and camphor gives cam-pholenonitrile. 133. ‘‘Note on the constituents of the seeds of the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis).” By Wyndham Bowland Dunstan. The kernels of the seeds of the Para rubber tree (Heuea brasiliensis) were examined at the Imperial Institute in 1902, and found to contain about 50 per cent.of a fixed oil, having aspecific gravity 0.9302 at 15O, saponification value 206.1, and iodine value 188.3. Like linseed oil, to which it bears considexable resemblance, this oil ‘‘dried ” to a trans-paieut varnish on exposure to air, and will probably be of commercial value for the same purposes. In the future there is likely to be an enormous production of these seeds which mill not be required for 169 planting, and their commercial utilisation is, therefore, a matter of importance (BUZZ.Imp. Inst., 1903, 1, 156, and 1904, 2, 22). Tbe seed kernels, when ground with water, evolved small quantities of hydrocyanic acid and acetone, whence it appears that a cyanogenetic gliicoside is present, similar to if not identical with the phaseolunatin firat obtained from the beaiis of I’hccseolus Zusantus (Duns*an and Henry Proc.Roy. Soc., 1903, 72, 285), and subsequently isolated f1om flax and cassava (Dunstan, Henry, and Auld, ibid., 1906, 78, 145). A mixture of enzymes was prepared from the seeds which possessed the property of hydrolysing the oil present and also olive oil. These enzymes probably include, besides a lipase-like enzyme, one capable of decomposing the cyanogenetic glucoside, since the kernels yield hjdro- cyanic acid by mere contact with water. The nafuie of the fixed oil of the cyanogenetic glucosidd and cf the enzymes is being fully investigated. Van Romburgh has shown (Ann.Jccrd. Bot. Buitenzorg, 1899, 16, 15) that the leaves of Hevea brasiliensis also yield hydrocyanic acid and acetone when crushed with water, and Harrison has recorded the pro- duction of hydrocyanic acid under similar conditions from the seeds of the related species Hevea pccuciftora and Hevea cmfuscc (Rep. Gout. Jab. Bvit. Guiana, 1896-1902, Part 11, p. 11). It is hoped that sufficient material will be obtainable to enable the question to be settled as to whether these related plants, as well as Hevea brasiliensis, contain phaseolunatin, as seems probable. ADDrTIONf3 TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donatiow. American Chemical Society. Chemical Ahst racts. Edited by William A. Woyes [and others]. Vol. I, &c. New York 1907+. (&fW@?W6.) From the Society.Jahres-Bericht iiber die Untersachnngen und Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Zuckerfabrikation. Vols. I to IV. 1861-64, Edited by C. Scheibler and K. Stammer. Breslau 1863-65. From E. A. Scott Macfie, Esq. Rose, Heinrich. Auhfuhrliches Hand buch der analytischen Chemie. Band 1. Die Lehre von den qualitativeu chemisch-analytischen Unter- suchungen. Band 11. Die Lehre von den quantitativen chemisch- aualltischen Untersuchungen. pp. xiv -t-968, ri + 1050 i-125. Braunschweig 1851. (Refirence.) Bequeathed by the late Professor Robert Warington. 170 Schweizer, Victor. The distillation of resins. Resinate lakes and pigments. Carbon pigments and pigments for typewriting machines, manifolders, &c. pp. viii+ 183.ill. London [1907]. (Recd. 16/5/7.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Maclaren and Sons. 11. Bp Purchccse. Association des Chimistes de Sucrerie et de Distillerie de France et des Colonies. Bulletin. Vol. XXIV, cptc. Paris 1907+. (Reference.) Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. Edited by Artwo Castoldi [and others]. Milano 1907 +. (Reference.) Chemisch Weekblad. Eiited by L). B. Centen. Year LIT,kc. Amsterdam 1907 + . (Rgerence.) Deutsche botanische Gesellschaft. Herichte. Vol. XXV, kc. Berlin 1907 +. (Re/krewe.) Deutsche pharmaceutische Gesellschaft. Berichte. Yem XVII, .&c. Berlin 1907 +. (Reference.) Deutsche physikalische Gesellschaft. Berich te, Edited by Kad &heel. Year V, &c. Brarinschmeig 1907. (h'rgfkrence.) Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte.Verhnndlungen. 78, 1906, kc. Leipzig 1907 +. (Ihjhence.) Ladenburg, A. Vortrage uber die Eutwieklungsgescbichte der Chemie von Lavoisier bis zur Gegenwrtrt. 4 Auflage. pp. xiv+417. Braunschweig 1907. (Recd. 17/5/7.) Lusk, Graham. The elements of the science of nutrition. pp. 326. Philadelphia 1906. (Becd. 18/5/7.) Pharmaceutisch Weekblad voor Nederland. Edited by L). B. Centen. Year XLLV, S.C. Amsterdam 1907 +. (Refeel-ence.) Pharmaceutische Centralhalle fur Deutschland. Edited by A; Schneider atid P. Suss. Year SLVIII, &c. Dresden 1907+. ,(Reference,) Pharmazeutische Zeitung. Edited by H. Bottger. Year LZI, &c. Berlin 1907 +. (Rgerence.) Physikalische Zeitschrift. Edited by A'.Riecke and H. TheSimon. Year VIII, $c. Leipzig 1907 +. (Reference.) Rottger, H. Lehrbuch der Nuhrungsmittel-Chemie. 3 Auflage. pp. xiv +90I. ill. Leipzig 1907. (Recd. 31/5/7.) Stewart, A. Ilr. Stereochemistry. pp. xx +583. ill. London 1907. (Recd. 1/6/7.) 171 At the next Ordinary Meeting, on Thursday,June 20th, 1907,. at 8.30p.rn., there will be a ballot for the election of Fellow, and the following papers will be cornmurkat ed : 6‘ Some properties of raniurn emanation.” By A. T. Cameron and Sir W. R;imsay. (‘Tho affinity constants of aruiiiosulphonic acids 2s determined by the aid of methyl-orange.” By V. H, Veley. “Azo-derivatives of I : 3-diphenylb>xrbitut.ic acid. Dynamic iso-merism among the coloured hydrazones of 1 :3-diphenylalloxan.” ByM.A. Whiteley. ‘6 A series of coloured diazo-salts derived from p-aminohenzo-a-n?phthalide.” By G. T. Morgan and W. 0. Wootton. “Colour and constitution of am-compounds. Part I.” E‘,J-J. T. Hewitt and H. V. Mitchell. (‘Colour and constitotion of azo-compounds. Part TI.” By J. T. Hewitt and H. V. Mitchell. 6‘ The oxidation of hydrazioes by flee oxygen.” By F. D. Chattawity. 66 Calmatambin : a new glucoside.” By F. L. Pj-ttlan. “ The decomposition of hyponitroils a .id in presence of mineral acids.” By P. C. R8y and A. C. Ganguli. 6‘ The chemical composition of petroleum from Borneo.” By H. 0. Jones and H. A. Wootton. 6‘ The synthesis of ptlenonaphthaci idines. Trirnethylphenonaphth-acridines.” By A.Senier and P. C. Austin. The condensation of aldehydes with mixtures of a-naphthol and a-N-a a-naphthylamine : synthesis of 7-aryl p-c:H-p-rlinaphthacridines.” By -4. Senier and P. C. Austin. ‘6 An improved form of apparatus for the rapid estimation of sulphates and salts of barium.” By W. R. Lang and T. B. Allen. “The determination of sugar by Fehling’s solution.” By W. R, Lang and T. B. Allen. 4‘ CE~KI'IPIC'ATESOF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT EALLOT. B.B.-The names of those who sign from '' General Knowledge " are printed in itcdics. The following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on Thursday, June 20th, 1907. Colebourn, William Arthur, 34, Camp Street, Broughton, Nanchester. d ssistant Technical Chemist.Was technic illy educated at the Royal Technical Institute, Salford, and the Municipal School of Technology, Rlsncliester. Was a Crace Calvert Chemical Student at .the Victoria University, Manchester. Have since been respectively engaged as assistant chemist to the Clayton Aniline Go., Ltd., Man- Chester, on aniline colour work ; followed by designing experience with a 3Janchester firm of chemical and general engineers. Since RIay last have been engaged as second chemist to Messrs. Kodak, Ltd., Harrow, near London, photographic material manufacturers. Harold B. Dixon. I). P. Hollingwo~th. C. Xordes Ellis. L. G. RadcliEe. John Allan. S. J. Peccchey. Copping,Hugh Hague, Cabourne, Caistor, Lincolnshire.Teacher of Science, King's Hospital, Dublic. B. A. Senior Moderator in Experimental Science, Trinity College, Dublin University. Emil A. Werner. -1. L. Robinson. Sjydney Young. W 11 t. Cald we1 I. Wm. C. Ramsden. Cornthwaite, Robert, A gricul turd Lsboyntory, Hir1if ax. Agricultural Analytical c1tiemist. Lecturer and J!:xperimenter to the Potash Syndicate ; Analytical Chemist to the West Riding Far iners' Association ; Huddersfield Dairy Farmers' Supply Co., Ltd. ; General Lecturer before the Farmers' Associations and Clubs on milk 173 constituents, and also on agricultural chemistry, Stc. Inventor of patent fat extractor for milk and food-stuffs analysis. F. W. Brown. R. 0. Burland. J. Stewart Remington. IVm. Pwcy Hrctton.Alfred Sibson. Mwbert Grime. Cowap, Matthewman Dalton, 21, Alma Square, St. John’s Wood. Experimental Chemist to Dr. Ludwig Xond, F.R.S., Assistaut Analytical Chemist to Chemical Works. Kobert N. Lennox. Bern hard 11ohr. John W. Heath. Jcc7ne.s B. Ke tt Ze . Alexande?. Scott. Elias, Owen Aubrey. 123, Waller Road, New Cross, S.E. Head of Scientific Dept., Chas. Zimmermann st Co., Manufacturing Chemists. Studied Chemistry at University Coll., N. Wales, and Physics at Mason’s Coll., Birmingham, now Univ. Coll. Member Scientific Reseat ch Soc., Univ. Coll., Bangor. Inventor : Bimetric Minimeter and Automatic Pipette for sepayation of fluids of different specific gt avity. Hermanii C. T. Gardner. Robert Wm. Lindsey. Frederic Jae.39. Page. W. H. Jlartindale. F. Filmer De Mo~ycciz. Fischer, Eugen, Ph.D. Biebrich, a/Rh., Germany. Technical Director of the firm of Kalle S: Co., Aktiengesellschaft, Biebrich, a/Rh. C. Duisberg. Thos. Tyyer. B. E. I:. Kewliliids. Art?mv. J. Webb. Otto Helmer. Gledhill, Walter George, Dersingham, Greenroyde, Halifax. Senior Science Master, Gram mar School, Gt. Yarmouth. X.A. Camb. 2nd Class Honours, Natural Science Tripos. Teacher of Science since 1902. Past 3 years at Gt. Yarmouth, Maltyter’s Analyst. James Sharp. S. F. Dufton. 8. Ruhemann. J. W. Pallister. W. Cranfiield. Jenninge, John Atkinson, 61, Gleneagle Road, Streittham, S.W. Pharmnceutist to St. Thomas’s Hospital, S.E. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Desirous of keeping in touch with current chemical 1iteratu re.Arthur W. Crossley. Alfred E. Tanner. H. R. Le Sueur. Robert Icright. P. Haas. E.H. Farr. Jensen, Charles William Lamb, Oakhill, Nr. Bath. Professional Brewer and Maltster, and Scientific Adviser to the Oakhill Brewery Co. Have written a treatise on brewing and malting and taught these to numbers of piipils with chemistry and biology as applied to those industries. My reason for joining the Chemical Society is that I may still further increase my knowledge of chemistry and biology. J. M. Collett. A. E. Beanes. H. J. Wiffen. Thos. D. Lichtenstein. G. F. IiendaEl. Lloyd, Percival George, 15, Woodside Road, Kingston-on-Thames. Chemist and Assistant Manager, Native Guano Co.’s Kingston Works, Pupil of the late Prof.Wanklyn, Analyst at Kingston Sewage Works. Eighteen years’ expeiience in the Chemical and Bacterial treatment and utilisation of sewage. Henry Kenwood. Edward C. Seaton. W. J. Ditidiu. David Sommervil le. Colin C. Frye. €1.El. Slates.. 3’.Fallis Stoddart. Nuttall, Walter Harold, 55, Market Street, Watford, Herts. Research Chemist. Am a Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. i111d hold their special Diploma in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, Microscopy. Four years’ study at the University College, Nottingham, under Prof. Kipping. One year’s study at Berne University (Switzerland) under Prof. Kostncecki. Three years Head Assistant to the Nottingham City Analyst. For last 18 months, Chief Chemical Assistant at, the ‘‘ Cooper Research Laboratory,” Watford.F. Stanley Kipping. J. J. Sndborough. H. J. H. Fenton. G. Druce Lander. W. F. Cooper. 175 Pochin, Harold, 12, Chapel Street, Berkhamsted, Herts. Assistant Schoolmaster. Graduate in Science (Honours), Cambridge University. Science Master at Berkhnmsted School. I am desirous of keeping in touch with modern chemical science. J. H. Robbins. C. Proctor. H. W. Davis. J. Woodward. 3.Grant Hooper. Tinkler, Charles Kenneth, 297, Franklin Road, King’s Norton, Nr. Birmingham. Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry, The University, Birming- ham. B.Sc. (Wales), 1st class honours in Chemistry. Percy F. Frankland. Alexander Lauder. James J. Dobbie. Alex. Findlay.Hamilton McCombie. Warner, Charles Horne, 24, Gordon Street, Gordon Square, W.C. Demonstrator in Chemistry at the School of the Pharmaceutical Society. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Arthur W. Crossleg. Herbert Jackson. T. E. Wallis. E. Towyn Jones. J. E. Coates. Young,Walter Ormston, Springfield, Cart 1[11el, Lancs . Analyst. Ten years Assistant Chemist to Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Ltd. Two years First Assistant to J. Stewart Kemington, Esq., Aynsome, Lancs. J. Stewart Remington. John Hamer. Claude Smith. Cecil Cooke Dzcizccm. R. R. Tatlock. Zortman, Israel Hyman, Sternwartenstr. 44 IIr, Leipzig. Research Student. B.Sc. (Vict.). Joint paper with Prof. J. B. Cohen entitled ‘‘ The Rotation of the Menthyl Esters of the Isomeric Dibromobenzoic Acids,” Trans.Chern. Xoc., 1906. “ 1851 Exhibition ” Scholar (Leeds University). Engaged in research work with Prof, Hantzsch, Leipzig. Arthur Smithells. H. M. Datvson. J. B. Cohen. W. Lomson. C. E. Whiteley. 176 The following certificate has been authorised for presentation to Ballot by the Council, under Bye-law I (3). Sahni, Ruchi Ram, Lahore, India. Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Government College, Lahore. M.A. in Physics and Chemistry, 1885. Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Government College, Lahore. Member of the Syndicate and Science Faculty of the Punjab University. P. C. RQy. B. Mouat Jones. R. CLAY AND SONS, LTD., BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., AND BUNGAY, SUI'FOLN.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9072300157
出版商:RSC
年代:1907
数据来源: RSC
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