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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 10, No. 135 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 10,
Issue 135,
1894,
Page 51-54
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摘要:
Issued 10/3/1894. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 135. Session 1893-94. March lst, 1894. Dr. Armstrong, President, in the Chair. Messrs. Henry E. Burgess, I?. D. Chattaway, Walter Grafton, D. H. Jackson and A. Lapworth were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. The list of Officers and Council nominated by the Council for election, at the Anniversary Meeting in March, was read from the Chair. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Bobert William Buttemer, St. Mary’s Godalming ; George Hugh Gabb, 91, Elgin Avenue, W.; Matthew A. Parker, 13, Hamilton Crescent, Partick, Glasgow ; James Swinburne, 4, Hatherley Road, Kew Gardens. The following papers were read :-118. “The aerial oxidation of terpenes and essential oils.’’ By C.T. Kingzett. After referring to his previous work on the subject, the author describes the results of an examination of a number of oily and semi- resinous products obtained on oxidising various turpentines by passing air either into the oil or into a mixture of the oil and water. It is found that when any terpene is oxidised by air in the presence of water, or when the oxidised oil is shaken up with water, the aqueous solution always contains hydrogen peroxide and a substance that may be obtained by evaporating off the water, this latter at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere having the consistency of soft pitch, and being very bitter to the taste. Analyses are quoted of a con- siderable number of samples prepared from various oils, showing that the composit’ion of the substance is approximately represented by the 52 formula CloHl,O,.It appears to yield some cymene when distilled with dilute sulphuric acid. When Russian turpentine is oxidised in the presence of water and the aqueous solution is distilled, a small quantity of a light-yellow coloured oil passes over, which darkens on standing, and has a characteristic smell something like that of thymol. About 23 grams of this oil were obtained by distilling 25 litres of the fluid. On analysis it, gave numbers approximating to those corresponding with the formula C,,HlrO; but on distilling this oil, after drying it over calcium chloride, only a portion passed over between 180" and 205", leaving a viscid residue.When oxidised Russian turpentine is evaporated down on the water bath until all the volatile matter has apparently been driven off, and the residue is dried at loo", a dark brown translucent mass is ob- tained, which, when cold, is quite hard and brittle; an analysis of this substance shows that it has a composition represented roughly by the formula CloHlaOz.Other oils afford somewhat similar results. The author believes that in the limited oxidation (by air) of essen-tial oils the terpene grouping is not broken down, as he has ascer- tained, by special investigation, that the acetic acid which sometimes accompanies the other product's when the process is conducted in the presence of water is not observed to be present if only pure or refined oils are employed, and he has not met with any product which oan be assumed to contain less than 10 atoms of carbon in the molecule.The author does not propose to continue the study of these sub- stances, and will be pleased to supply any quantity of the chief products to any chemist who may desire to examine them. The experiments have been carried out with the assistance of Mr. D. Homfray, B.Sc. 119. "The amides of sodium, potassium and lithium." By A. W. Titherley, B.Sc. Sodamide (NaNH2) was prepared by the action of dry ammonia on sodium heated to 300-400" in a polished iron retort; as obtained in this way, sodamide is a white mass, having a distinctly crystalline structure; the brown colour of the substance prepared by former observers is principally due to organic impurity in the sodium.The product was proved to have the composition represented by the formula NaNH, by synthetical experiments. When heated at 500-600", sodamide decomposes into sodium, nitrogen and hydrogen, but no sodium nitride (Na,N) is obtained ;in fact all attempts to pre- pare this compound were unsaccessful. The same is true of disodium amide (Na,NH) which cannot be produced by the action of sodium on 53 sodamide ; the metal, however, dissolves .in the molten sodamide, forming a blue product, the exact composition of which could not be ascertained. By acting with ammonia on heated sodium oxide a mixture of sodium hydroxide aud sodamide was obtained.Potassamide (KNH,) may be obtained as a white solid by using the same method as that used in preparing sodamide. It is less brittle and softer than sodamide, and it melts at a higher temper- ature. It is capable of crystallising, and sublimes when heated to about 400". No potassium &ride (K,N) could be obtained by heating potassamide, the compound breaking up into potassium, nitrogen and hydrogen. Lithamide (LiNH,) may be obtained by the same method as soda- mide and potassamide. It is a white crystaline solid. Both sodamide and potassamide decompose silica when heated with it, silicon nitride and sodium silicate apparently being formed. A similar change occurs with boric oxide, boron nitride being one of the products. Nitrosyl chloride acts on sodarnide, forming potassium chloride, nitrogen and water.When sodamide is heated with alkylic haloids, ammonia is pro-duced and not the corresponding nmine. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Electricity in the Service of Man: A Popular and Practical Treatise on the Applications of Electricity in Modern Life, by R. Wormell (from the German of A. R. v. Urbanitzky. Revised and enlarged by R. M. Walmsley : London, Paris and iwelbourne, 1893. From the Authors and Publishers. Manures and the Principles of Manuring, by C. M. Aikmnn : Edin-burgh and London, 1894. From the Author and Publishers, Johnston's Elements of Agricultural Chemistry : from the edition by C. A. Cameron. Revised and in great part re-written by C. M.Aikman. 17th edition : Edinburgh and London, 1894. From the Editor and Publishers. United States Geological Survey :-Mineral Resources of the United States-Calendar year 1891, by D. T. Day : Washington, 1893. Prom the Survey. Royal Society of Canada : Proceedings and Transactions, Vol. X., for the year 1892 : Ottawa, 1893. From the Society. 54 Pamphlets : from the Authors. Extrait d’une Etude de l’Acide tktraf Hique (tartrique) et de ses composks salins, par E. J. Manmen6 : Chateauroux, 1894. Preliminary Survey of Eucalyptus Oils of Victoria, by W. P. Wilkinson : Melbourne, 1893. The Estimation of Sugars in Condensed Milk, by W. D. Bigelow and K. P. McElroy : Easton, Pa., 1893. At the next meeting, on March 15th, the following papers will be read :-“ The Action of Hydroxylamine on Formic Aldehyde.” By Prof. Dunstan and Dr. Bossi. ‘( Derivatives of Camphopyric Acid.” By Messrs. J. E. Marsh and J. A. Gardner. “ Halogen Derivatives of Camphene.” By Messrs. J. E. Marsh and J. A. Gardner. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. March ‘22, at 8 P.M. HAERISONAFD SONS,Printers in Ordinary to Her Majesty, St. Martin’s Lane.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8941000051
出版商:RSC
年代:1894
数据来源: RSC
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