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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 10, No. 132 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 10,
Issue 132,
1894,
Page 1-27
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Issuet7 1/21]S95 PROCEEDINGS OF THB CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 132. Session 1893-94. January 18th, 1894. Dr. Armstrong, President, in the Chair. Messrs. J. E. Brockbank, Charles Sordes Ellis, William Hatteu Grieve and Claude Vautin were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were’ read for the first time in favour of Messm William Good Boul, M.A., Churcher’s College, Petersfield ; Herbert Edward Burgess, 144,Warwick Street, Eccleston Square, S.W. ; Herbert Henry Dains, 3, Cantonment, Vizianagram, Madras Presi- dency; Basil Leonard Dunne, 64, Lower Leeson Street, Dablin; Joseph Addey Fawcett, 153, Malpas Road, Brockley, S.E. ; Edward Stanley Hayward, 23, St. Thomas Street, Winchester ; Isaac Henry Heap, Fern Bank, Aynsley Road, Stoke-on-Trent ; Francis Herbert Jennison, c/o A.Delingworth, Moscow, Russia ; E. W. Lucas, 225, Oxford Street ; Harvey Ernest Spillard, 5, Belitha Villas, Barnsbury Park. Of the following papers those marked * were read :-*98. I‘ The molecular formula of some liquids as determined by their molecular surface energy.” By Emily Aston, B.Sc., and William Ramsay, PhD., F.R.S. The molecular surface energy and its variation with temperature of phenol, bromine, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphorus and nitro-trichloromerhane have been determined by the authors by the method described by Ramsay and Shields (Trans., 1893, 1089). The data given make it possible to calculate the molecular weights of the substances in the liquid state. Phenol, as might be expected from its analogy with alcohol, is an associating substance; but as it possesses a fairly high molecular weight, the degree of association is not great; the results serve to suggest that between 46" and 78" it possesses the mem molecular weight 133.5, while in the state of gas its molecules have the weight 94.Bromine, apparently, is somewhat more condensed than the for-mula Brawould imply, the number found being 202.8 instead of 160, between 10.6" and 46". Nitric acid, instead of possessing the molecular weight 63, bas a molecular complexity corresponding to the weight 105.9 between 11.6" and 46.2". This value approximates to that corresponding to the formula H,N,O,. Sulphuric acid shows a remarkable behaviour.From atmospheric temperature 50 132.5" its molecule, apparently, is approximately 32 times as complex as the formula HZSO, would imply; above 132", however, dissociation rapidly ensues, and between 227" and 281" the molecule is only 2.8 times as complex as the formula H,S04 implies. The molecules of phosphorus in the liquid state, like those of tho gas, have the formula Pp. Chloropicrin, CCl,(NO,), has a normal molecular weight. This result stands in opposition to that afforded by nitroethane, which shows signs of association. Discu ssioxv. Mr. PICKERINGsaid that the importance of obtaining various methods of determining the molecular complexity of substances in the liquid condition could scarcely be overrated; but he thought that it would be premature to attach implicit faith to the results obtained by Professor Ramsay's method until the discrepancies between the values given by it and other methods were explained or removed.The results which Professor Ramsay had obtained in some cases showed that it would be unwise to place too much con- fidence in his method at present, for he had found that a considerable number of substances gave values which, though constant through- out a wide range of temperature, yet indicated molecular weights which were not integral multiples of the fomuls weights. The authors' results in the case of sulphuric acid were of interest in connection with those he had arrived at by determining the densities of solutions of this substance : from the peculiarity of the figure formed on plotting out their values (these forming a, straight line throughout a considerable range, and a well marked curve throughout the rest of the range), the authors concluded that 32H2S04might represent the state of aggregation of the acid, whereas his results pointed to 36H,S04 (within experimental error the same degree of complexity), the lowest hydrate of which he had obtained indications containing acid and water in the ratio 36 : 1; moreover, in all the other low hydrates the acid molecules were present as simple submultiples of 36.Mr. RODGERsaid there were two points in connection with Professor Ramsay’s paper to which attention might be drawn. The first was of historical interest and referred to the work of Eotvos, which did not seem to be given the prominence which it deserved.In 1885 Eotvos showed that over wide temperature ranges K, the rate at which molecular surface energy varied with the temperature, was practically the same for liquids of different chemical natures, and these substances he held to be of the same molecular complexity in the states of gas and liquid. For the acids, alcohols and water, K varied with the temperature and the chemical nature, and in such casos Eotros concluded liquid molecular complexes were present. The equation which Eotvos derived by integrating the differential equation above mentioned only differed from the corresponding expression given by Professor Ramsay in that it doep not accurately indicate the temperature limits at which it,bi-eaks down.Eotvos’s method of estimating complexity is identical, however, with that of Professor Ramsay, and so far as they go, his observa- tions lead to like results. @’or these reasons, should the credit of in- stituting this method not be ascribed to Eotvos ? The second point referred to the validity of the method. In the first place, neither Ramsay nor Eotvos had succeeded in placing the method on a firm theoretical basis. Eijtvos’s expression was deduced from van der Waals’s generalisation that for two substances A and B, in corresponding states, p,v,= E,where P, V and T are re- %’* ‘I’B spectively the pressure, molecular volume and temperature. In criticising Eotvos’s method (Zeit.phys. Claeni., 1893) Professor Ramsay has characterised this relation as false, and although in the light of Young’s recent work this is, perhaps, going too far, its agreement with experimental results is not sufficiently close to be regarded as a proof that K is really a measure of complexity. By way of such a proof Professor Ramsay has pointed out that inas- much as the rate of change of the molecular volume energy of a per- fect gas is the same for all gases, provided they contain molecules of the same degree of complexity, probably the rate of change of t’he 4 moleciilar surface energy of a liquid is also the same for all liquids which are of the same molecular complexity. This can hardly be re- garded as a proof, however, because the gas equation breaks down as soon as the gas is compressed-as soon, that is, as the molecules come within the sphere of each other’s attraction, and it is precisely this attraction which is involved in the phenomena of surface energy.How is it possible, therefore, to draw any satisfactory conclusion from the behaviour of a perfect gas regarding the molecular mechan- ism of a liquid surface? In the second place, it may be argued that even although it could be established theoretically that K should be the same for substances of the same molecular complexity, experiment indicates that this is not really the case, Professor Ramsay’s results show that K varies with the chemical nature of the substance. The extreme values for liquids the simple molecales of which are assumed to be unassociated differ by some 17 per cent.Moreover, there is also evidence that in the case of the same liquid K varies with the temperature. The data for the six liquids examined over wide temperature ranges by Professor Ramsay, especially those for ethylic acetate, seem to show that the theoretical straight curve for molecular surface energy cuts the observed curve generally in two points ; the differences between theory and practice being, no doubt, small but regular. If this bu really the case, the slope of the curves, that is K, must vary with the temperature. But if K varies in this way, how are we to ascertain what value cor- responds with an unassociated substance ? In short, is it not rather premature in the present state of the question to definitely assess the weights of liquid molecules ? Professor RANSAY,in replying to Mr.Pickering, pointed out that the method of determining the molecular weights of liquids from variation of their surface energy could hardly be said to stand on a footing with those which involved osmotic pressure ; in the one case, it is the behaviour of molecules widely separated from one another by molecules of a solvent which causes them to behave as gases, and to be practically independent of their mutual attraction ; while in the other, it is this very attraction which makes it possible to determine the molecular weight of an undiluted liquid. It would be as un- reasonable to expect the molecular weights of dissociating substances measured by these two methods to be identical as it would be to expect identity in the weights of the molecules of nitric peroxide measured at two widely different pressures.He understood Mr. Pickering to refer to the comparative constancy of the molecular weights of such substances as butyric acid over con- siderable ranges of temperature. This is no doubt partly to be attri- 5 buted to expei*imentd error, but it no doubt implies only a small increase of dissociation with rise of temperature. The number given for the multiple of H2S04--3Z-might well be some units higher or lower. In replying to 3fr. Rodger, Professor RAMSAYsaid that it was expli- citly stated in the paper by Dr. Shields and himself in the Philosophical T~ansactions,that Eotvos’s conclusion as regards the constancy of the temperature coefficient of molecular surface energy is t’rue between wide ranges of temperature ; and he would be very sorry if it were thought that credit were not due to Eotvos for his exceedingly ingenious work ; especially for the brilliant conception of molecular surface. Exception was taken, first, to the method in which Eiitvos deduced his theo- retical conclusions, which are manifestly untenable ; and also, probably owing to Eotvos’s very imperfect means of securing high temperatures, to the equation from which the differential coeEcient was derived.But Eotvos’s conclusions, as well as his actual results, were quoted in full, and it is explicitly stated that, Eohos also made measurements with methyl and ethyl alcohols, and recognised that their approximate molecular weights might be calculated from their irregular 5ehaviour ; but his observations are not sufficient in number (Trans., 1893, 1107).Conclusions drawn from the examination of more than 60 substances were surely more trustworthy than those drawn from eight, especially if some of the eight observations are heavily weighted with tempera- ture errors. Moreover, the credit of having first clearly pointed out that this “ colligative ” property is at present the only ona by which the mole- cular weights of liquids could be determined is due to Osttvald, who devotes to it several paragraphs in his Lehrbuch.With reference to Mr. Rodger’s criticism on the impropriet,y of drawing any conclusions regarding the molecular weight of liquids from their surface energy, based on the idea that Dr. Shields and he use the gas equation as a proof OP the correctness of their rneth.od, this criticism was due to a miscomeption. The amlogy was pointed out, but no attempt was made to construe it as aproof. That the simple gas equation is no longer valid when the liquid state is reached ; that P is no longer equal to RT/V ; such considerations cannot be urged to have any bearing on the fact that -1 = k(~-d)/d. That a “push ” given to a gas ceases, as the liquid state is approached, to obey a simple law cannot be urged as a reason why a “ pi1 ” given to a, liquid should not be expressed by a simple equation.It is true that k varies with the nature of the substance within certain limits, but so does R, the gaseous constant. And it is probable, indeed certain, that the configuration of the molecule should have a greater influence on the value of k than on the value of R’, because in the liquid state the molecules are so much .more closely packed. Experiments are in progress to discover the amount of variation of k, as chemical structure and composition vary. As regards the non-constancy of k for any one liquid, that was fully alluded to in the original memoir in the Philosophical Tmnsactions, and a formula is there given which approximately represents the variation from linearity at teniperatnres near, and also below, the critical point.Mr. Rodger’s remarks, however, tended greatly to ex-aggerate this variation, which in no case exceeds 0.5 per cent., within reasonable distance of the critical point. It was to be expected that in a preliminary investigation of the kind, certain discrepancies should be encountered, which will, doubtless, find their explanation later. Rut the examination of about 60 substances has shown that those which have normal gaseous densities possess a monomolecular formula in the liquid state ; that the fatty acids, which exhibit a vapour density which implies association, also exhibit association when in the liquid state; and that other hydroxyl compounds, such as water and the alcohols, which the recent investigation of Dr.Sydney Young, with data furnished by himself alone, and by joint work with the speaker, have shown to exhibit abnormal behaviour near their critical points, only explicable on the theory of association, also exhi bit molecular complexity in the liquid state. In the speaker’s opinion, a strong case was made out by these snrface energy experiments in favour of the justice of the hypothesis which had been advanced. 939. “ Contributions to our knowledge of the aconite alkaloids. VIII. On picraconitine.” By Wyndham R. Dunstan, M.A., F.R.S.,and E. F. Harrison. Through the kindness of Mr. F. 13. Groves, of Weymouth, the authors have been enabled to examine specimens of salts of picraconit- ine, an amorphous alkaloid obtained by Mr.Groves, in the year 1874, from the roots of Aconitibm Nupellus, the composition and pro-perties of which wei-e subsequently investigated by Dr. Wright (JOZLIW. Chew. Xoc., 1877,146 ; 1878,332). Its composition was represented by the formula C31H45N010,that of aconitine being C3,&NO,,. It fur-nished crystalline salts and an amorphous aurichloride. When heated with alkalis, it underwent hydrolysis, yielding equimolecular propor-tions of benzoic acid and picraconine, a base closely resembling aconine, the similar product from aconit’ine. Picraconitine was spar- ingly soluble in water, but readily in ether. Its salts have an intensely bitter taste, whence the names given to the substance, but they do not produce tingling of the tongue and lips which is so characteristic, 7 of aconitine.Mr. Groves had not previously obtained this alkaloid from other collections of the roots of this plant, and neither he nor Dr. Alder Wright was able to isolate it subsequently. It has, therefore, been suggested that it originated from the roots of some other species of aconite which were mixed in this collection with those of A. NupeZZus. In the course of the present investigalion of the alkaloids of A. Napellus, no alkaloid having the composition of " picraconitine " has been obtained. Picraconitine, however, in many of its properties resembles the isomeride of aconitine, isaconitine. The fact that this isomeride is difficult, to purify, except by adopting special methods, suggested the view that "picraconitine " might be impure isaconitine.An examination of Mr. Groves's specimens of " picraconitine nitrate " and '' picraconitine muriate " bas confirmed this view. The base regenerated from these salts exhibited all the properties of isaconitine, and on converting it into the hydrochloride and purifying this salt, first by crystallisation from hot water and afterwards from a mixture of alcohol and ether, pure isaconitine hydrochloride, melting at 217", was obtained. In order to complete the proof the characteristic aurichlorisaconitine, C,,Hd4(AuC1,)NO1,, was prepared from the " picraconitine '' salts. " Picraconitine " can therefore no longer be retained as the name for an alkaloid derived fiTom A. NapeZZus.The present investigation has shown that this plant contains, besides acoizifiize and the non-toxic isaconitine, and acom'9ze, a very small quantity of an amorphous alkaloid yielding crystslline salts, which has been named homisaconitine, and generally a considerable quantit'y of a base which neither crystallises nor fur-nishes crystalline salts. '%lOO." Contributions to our knowledge of the aconite alkaloids. IX. The action of heat on aconitine." By Wyndham R. Dunstan, M.A., F.RS., and F.H. Cam. The authors find that when aconitine is heafed at its melting point (188-190') it loses about 10 per cent. of acetic acid, which distils over, leaving a new alkaloid which they propose to namc pyraco&fiize, = C~H~OZCX~H,,NOIZ + C,,HiiNOio-Pyraconitine is obtained in the foym of an amorphous varnish, sparingly soluble in water, but readily in alcohol, chloroform and ether.It has no effect on polarised light, and is not poisonous in small doses. The alkaloid readily dissolves in acids, forming salt which can be crystallised. Yyi.aco?Lifl'izehyJ~-obr*omidr, forms prismatic crystals C31H41N010-HBr, meltiug at 280" (coi-r.). The salt, is yeadily soluble in water and dcohol. but is not dissolved by ether. It is best crystallised from a 8 mixture of alcohol and ether. In aqneons solution it is lm-orotatoy : [a], = -46.47". Pyrnco?zitine hydrochloride, C31H,,N0,0*HCl, crystallises in rosettes from a mixture of alcohol and ether. It melts at 249". Py~aco?zifii~e also crjstallises in rosettes, hydliodide, C81HJVOIO*HI, which become yellow when exposed to air.It melts at 220-5"(corr.). The solut'ions of these salts have a bitter taste, but are not toxic, at all events in small doses. Pyncor~ifineazwichloride. C31HJINOIO*HAuClp, is thrown down as a pale yellow precipit'ate when nuric chloride is added to a solution of the hydrochloride. No aurichlor-derivative could be obtained. Pyraconitine and its salts readily nndergo hydrolysis when heated with dilute acid or with water in 8 closed tube. Potash and soda quickly hydrolyse the alkaloid, eYen in the cold, but ammonia does so only very slowly. The sole products of hFdrolysis are beszznic mid and an alkaloid which has been named pyi-nconiize,C3,H4,N0,,+ H,O = CTHtjO, + C2aH,,NO,.Pyraconine is an amorphous base resembling aconine in its proper- ties, but differing from it in several respects. It is soluble in both water and ether. The aqueous solution has R somewhat sweet taste, and is laiworotatory [a]== -90.99". Jt combines with acids to form crystalline salts which are very soluble in water. Pynzconii~ehydr-ochloricl~,C2aH37N09,HCI,crystallises from water in cubes containing 1 mol. of water. It melts at 159" (corr.), and is soluble both in alcohol and in water. The aqneous solution is 1%~-0-rotatory: [aID= -110'2.07". Pymconine awichEoriJc, C,,H3,NO,*HAnCl,, is a pale yellow, amor-phous precipitate. The salts of aconitine also furnish pymconitine, losing acetic acid when heated at about 190". Isaconitine and aconine, however, do not undergo a similar decomposition.The authors consider it probable that the production of acetic acid from aconitine may serve as the basis of a process for the estimation of this alkaloid. "101. " Contributions to our knowledge of the aconite dkaloids. X. Further observations on the conversion of aconitine into isacon- itiiie." By Wyndham R. Dunstan, M.A., F.R.S., and F. H. Caw. In a former communication, the authors showed that when certain aconitine salts are heated at 100" in slightly acid solution they ax very slowly changed into the salts of isaconitine. They have since found that this conversion may be effected with great rapidity by heating a neutral aqueous solution in a closed tube at 120-130" during from two to thrsc hours, when the aconitine salt disappears, often so completely that the solution produces a tingling sensation on the tongue. The isaconitine is separated from the solution which has been ren'dered alkaline with ammonia by repeated extraction with ether.It has also been proved that the production of isaconitine invari- ably precedes the hydrolysis of aconitine into aconine and benzoic acid, not only when th,e hydrolysis is effected by acid, as was pointed out in a previous paper, but also, as has now been found, when water alone is used as the hydrolytic agent. In previous experiments, the formation of isaconitine during the hydrolysis of aconitine in presence of alkali could not be proved, owing to the rapidity with which aconine is produced.If, however, a considerable excess of an aqueous solution of soda be added to a solution of an aconitine salt, and the precipitated alkaloid be allowed to stand in contact with the cold alkaline solution until some of the alkaloid is dissolved, extrac- tion with ether separates a notable quantity of isaeonitmine, as well as the unchanged aconitine. It therefore appears that the non-toxic aconine is really the product of the hydrolysis of the non-toxic issconitine into which the aconitine first changes. The observations recorded in the foregoing paper, which prove that aconitine salts as well as the alkaloid lose acetic acid when they are heated, led the authors to look for the production of this acid when solutions of these salts are heated.It has been found that some acetic acid is formed when aconitine salts are heated with water in the manner above described, and also when these salts or the alkaloid are hydrolysed. They are at present engaged in investigating the origin and amount of the acetic acid produced under various conditions, and also in determining whether pyraconitine is formed in corresponding quantity or whether aconitine may not be an acetyl derivative which loses its acetyl group on hydrolysis. If the latter view should prove to be correct, the nomenclature and formula of aconitine derivatives wiIl need entire revision. 102. '' Interaction of benzylamine and ethglic chloracetate." By A. T. Mason, Ph.D., and Goodlatte R.Winder, Ph.D. The action of benzylamine on ethylic chloracetate is similar to that of ammonia and methylamine, the first product being the ethylic salt of benzylamidoacetic acid, PH*CH,*NH*CH,*CO,Et, which, however, undergoes condensation, even at the ordinary temperat'ure, two mole- cules of the ethylic salt uniting, and two molecules of alcohol being formed together with dibenzyl a-ydiacipiperazine, 103. " Condensation products from benzglamine and several benzenoid aldehydes." By A. T. Mason, Ph.D., and Goodlatte R. Winder, Ph.D. The products obtained are similar in their properties and mode of formation to those obtained from the primary paraffinoid and ben- zenoid amines and the benzenoid aldehydes. The following are described :-Ben zpli den ebenzy 1amine, C,H,*CH2*N:CH*C,H,.o-Hydroxybenzylidenebenzylamine, C6H,.CH,*N:CH.C,€T,.0H. p-Hydroxybenzylidenebenzylamine, C,H,.CH2*N:CH*C6H~*OH. 104. " Constitution of rubiadin." By Edward Schunck, Ph.D., F.R.S.,and Leon Marchlewski, Ph.l). The authors arrive at the conclusion that rubiadin does not contain a methoxy-group, but has a, methyl group attached to the nucleus, as it does not jield methyl iodide on distillation with iodhydric acid and also remains unchanged when heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 180". It was found, moreover, that when oxidised with chromic acid, it gives phthalic acid, from which it may be inferred that the methyl and hydroxyl groups are attached to the same nucleus.These and other facts, such as those described in their first cr>mmunication, render it certain that rubiadin cannot be identical with any possible methylalizarin or methylquinazarin, and that it must be regarded as a methylpurpuroxanthin. Two alternative formulae are therefore proposed. By condensing benzoic acid with metadihydroxyparatoluic acid a substance was ob-tained which had many properties in common with rubiadin, but differed as regards melting point and the melting points of the re-spective acetyl derivatives. This decided the authors in favour of the second formula given by them, viz., 0 OH 105. " The monalkpl ethers of alizarin." By Edward Schunck, Ph.D.,F.R.S.,and Leon Marchlewski, Ph.D. Monomethylalizarin melts at 228-229" and yields an acetyl derivn- tire melting at 186-187". Monethylalizarin melts at 188-189' ; its acetyl derivative at 141".It is pointed out that in these compounds 11 the alkyl has probably displaced the hydrogen atom in the P-OH group in alizarin. Experiments were made with a view to obtain ethers of alizarin isomeric with these, but without success. 106. " Ruberythric acid." By Edward Schunck, Ph.D., F.R.S., and Leon Marchlewski, Ph.D. This gluuoside, like all glucosides hitherto known, is not acted on by phenylhydrazin, and therefore does not contain an aldehyde group. Its constitution must, therefore, be represented in accordance with the formula of Tollens for glucose. When subjected to the action of benzoyl chloride in presence of sodic hydrate, ruberythric acid yields, according to the concentration of the soda solution, either a hepta-or a hexa-benzoyl derivative.107. '' The colouring matter of the Indian dye-stuff ' Tesu.' '' By J. J. Hummel and W. Cavallo, Ph.D. This yellow dye stuff consists of the dried flowers of Buteafmadosa. The dyeing power of the flowers as sold is comparatively slight, but is increased by boiling with diluted acid, the glucoside of the dje stuff becoming hydrolysed. By boiling the aqueous extract with sulphuric acid, then extracting with ether, and purifying the product by crystallising it f rom alcohol and water, the authors have obtained about 1 per cent. of a sub-stance crystallising in almost colourless needles melting, when rapidly heated, at 217'.On analysing this, numbers were obtained (C = 65.5 and 65.65, H = 4.93 and 4.67) corresponding with the formula CI5H,,Os. A large quantity of material is now being operated on. ADDlTIONS TO THE LIBRARY I. Donatione. Die Schwingungsknoten-Theorie,von M. N. Teplow : am dem Russischen ubersetzt von L.Jawein. Zwei Lieferungen. St. Peters-burg 1885-86. From the Author. Benzene, ToluBne et Anthrachne, par W. N,Teploff. St. Peters-burg 1893. (In Ruasian.) From the Author. Die Chemie nnd das Problem von der Materie, von J. Wislicenus. Leipzig 1893. From the Author. 12 11. By Purchase. Contribution a 1’8tude des gommes laques des Indes et de Madagas-car, par A. Gascard: suivie d’une note de T. Tozzetti sur les Cochenilles ii laque.Paris 1893. Siede-und Schmelzpunkt, ihre Theorie und praktische Verwer- thung ;mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung organischer Verbindungen, von W. Nernst und A. Hesse. Braunschweig, 1893. Anleitung zur electro-chemischen Versuchen, von F. Vettel. Freiberg 1893. Technisch-thermochemische Rerechnungen zui-Heitzunp, ins-besondere mit gasformigen Brennstoffen, von A. Naumann. Braun-schweig 1893. Die Kohlenstoff -Assimilation in historischer Darstellung, yon X. Wellerwald. Basel 1693. Animal and Vegetable Fixed Oils, Fats, Butters and Waxes, their preparation and properties and the manufacture therefrom of Candles, Soaps, and other Products, by C. R. A. Wright. London 1893. At the next rceeting, on February lst,, the folIowing papers will be read :-“ The production of chlorine during t.he interaction of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide.” By Professor SlcLeod, F.R.S.“An exatnination of some recent freezing point determinations.” By S. U. Pickering, F.R.S. “The salts of dehydracetic acid.” By Dr. Collie and Ah. H. R. Le ScLeur? B.Sc. “A new method of preparing carbon tetrabromide.” By Dr. Collie. CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.D.-The names of those who sign from “ General Knowledge ” are printed in italics. The following Candidates will be balloted for on February 15th, 1894 :-Anderson, David, 14,St. Julian’s Road, Kilburn, N.W. Chemist, I have passed the Major Examination of the Pharma- cautical Society of Ireland, and I have been a student of Chemistry and Physics for three years, part of which time was spent under Dr.A. B. Griffiths. Harold Follows. A. B. Griffiths. Alexander Hay. Lionel Cooper. Richard Weaver. C. T. Kingxeft. E.C. Conrad. A. H. Luckef:. C. A. M’ncXunn. Bamber, William Edward, Spring Lawn, Heaton, Bolton. Research Student in Chemistry at the Owens College. Four years student in the Chemical Department of the Owens College. B.Sc. with Honours in Chemistry, Victoria University. Harold B. Dixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. P. J. Hartog. Arthur Harden. Gilbert J. Fowler. G. H. Bailey. Bird, William Rowland, 73, Albion Street, New Swindon, Wilts. Analytical Chemist. Six years’ experience in Practical Analytical work at Great Western R,ailway Company’s Laboratory, Swindon.Now Chief Assistant at the same Laboratory, and Teacher of Inor-ganic Chemistry for the Swindon and North Wilts Technical Educa- tion Committee. F. W. Harris. H. J. Phillips. J. Jas. Morgan. L.Archbutt. J. H. B. Jenkins. 14 Bose, Chuni Lal, 24, Mohendro Bose’s Lane, Calcutta. Assistant Chemical Examiner to Government, and Assistant Pro- fessor of Chemistry, Medical College, Calcutta. Is a Bachelor of Medicine of the Calcutta University ; has been Assistant Chemical Examiner to Government, and Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Medical College, Calcutta, since May, 1888. Made the following contributions to Medical and Chemical Science :-1. “ On the Deposit of Yellow Arsenic in the Heart in a case of Arsenical Poisoning,?’ Indian 2l/ledical Gazette, October, 1872.2. “ On t’lie Analysis of cer-tRin samples of Tinned Meat,” Chemical News, 20th and 27th June, 1890. 3. “ On the presence of Cholesterol in the Roots of Hygrophila .qpinosa,” Phawnaceutical Journal, June 25th, 1892. 4. “ On certain Reactions of an Alkaloid contained in the Roots of Raicdo;fia serpen-fina, Beuth,” Pharmuceutz’cal Jou~nal,August 6th, 1892. 5. “ On False ‘ Bikhma,’ ” Plzaymaceutical Jownal, October 15 th, 1892. C. J. H. Warden. Ramchan dra IDutta. Tarapusaunn Roy. Kanny Loll Dey. Pyeo Loll Dey. Char1e.s Henyy Wood. Boul,William Good, M.A., Churcher’s College, Peterafield. Science Master. Science Master, Churcher’s College, Petersfield ; Lecturer in Chemist,ry for the Hants County Council, Petersfield (Centre) ; Senior Moderator, Trinity College, Dublin.J. Emerson Reynolds. Augustus E. Dixon. Vaughan Cornish. William Jngo. Aythw E. Bayclay. Fred. W. Warrick. Burgess, Herbert Edward, 144,Warwick Street, Eccleston Square, S.W. Student of Chemistry. Studied for a year and a half in the Laboratory of Professor Clowes, Nottingham. Hare been a student since October, 1892, in the Chemical Laboratory, King’s College, London. Fellow of the Society of Chernical Industry. Johii 34. Thomson. Frank Clowes. C. A. Mitchell. Stephen N. Wellington. 3. Lloyd Wliiteley. J. B. Coleman. Cain, John Cannell, Stubbins Villa, Stubbins, near Manchester.Research Student at the Owens College. B.Sc. (Vict.). Honours School of Chemistry, 1893. D.Sc. (Tubingen), 1893. Late Dalton Chemical Scholar and holder of 1851 Exhibition Scholarship in the 15 Owens College, Manchester. Joint Author of (1) “ Action of Acetic Acid on Phenylthiocarbimide,” with J B. Cohen, J. Chern. SOC., 1891; (2) “A Simple and Rapid Method of Quantitative Analysis,” with G. H. Bailey, J.Xoc. Chem. Ind., 1891. G. H. Bailey. Harold B. Dixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. Arthur Harden. Gilbert J. Fowler. P. J. Hartog. Wm. A. Bone. Chattaway, F.D., St, Bartholomew’s Hospital, E.C. Demonstrator of Chemistry. D.Sc. London. Ph.D. Munich. B.A. Oxon. Has contributed papers to Berichte, in conjunction with Dr. Bamberger, “On Chrgsene and Picene,” and to Trans.Chem. Xoc., “ On the Phenylnaphthalenes.” W. J. Russell. A. Vernon Harcourt. Henry E. Armstrong. William A. Tilden. Sidney Williamson. Dains, Herbert Henry, 3, Cantonment, Vizianagram, Madras Presidency, India. Lecturer on Chemistry and Analytical Chemist. Science Scholar at Yorkshire College. 3 years’ training in Chemistry. 14 years in Soap Works Laboratory. Present occupation, Lecturer on Chemistry and Analytical Chemist. Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. Arthur Smith ells . Herbert Ingle. J. Lewkowitsch. C. 3’.Baker. J. B. Cohen. Davies, Samuel Henry, Dalton Hall, Manchester. Demonstrator at Omens College. Bachelor of Science. Honours Chemistry, Victoria University. Demonstrator Yorks College, Leeds, 1891-92.Demonstrator 0wens College, Manchester, 1892-93. Re-cently appointed Lecturer in Chemistry at the Battersea Polytechnic. Contributions to Chemical Literature : (1) “ Zur Kenntniss der Alkyl und Acidyl Sulphide ” ; (2) “ Ueber die Einwirkung ron Salzsaurem Hydroxylamin anf Acetomesitylen,” together with E. Festh, Bey., 1891. Harold B. Dixon. Arthur Harden. W. H. Perkin, jun. Arthur H. Crossley. P. J. Hartog. 16 Duncan, Dr.John, St. Petersburg, Russia. Privy Councillor, Chief of the Sanitary Police, St. Petersbui-g Member of the Chemical Society of St. Petersburg. T. E. Thorpe. F. A. Abel. James Dewar. Henry E. Armstrong. W. Palmer Wynne. Dunne, Basil Leonard, 64, Lower Leeson Street, Dublin. Teacher in Chemistry, lately Lectlurer in Chemistry to the Teachers in training at the Christian Schools.Some time acted as Assistant in the Chemical Laboratory, Royal College of Science, Associate of the Royal College of Science, Dublin, in the Faculty of Manufactures. Associste of the Institute of Chemistry. R.A. of the Royal University of Ireland in Chemical and Geological Science. W. N. Hartley. Hugh Ramage. Ernest Clark. W. E. Acleney. Thos. A. Shegog. Evershed,Frank, Kenley, Surrey. Analytical and Manufacturing Chemist. Chemist to Messrs. Brooke, Simpson, and Spiller, Ltd., Aniline Dye Manufacturers, Hackney Wick. Formerly Assistant to Dr. Prankland in the Watei- Analysis Laboratory, Science Schools, South Kensington. R.Meldola. R. Warington. R. J. Friswell. A. G. Green. A. J. Greenaway. Leonard T. Thorne. Fawcett, Joseph Addey, 153,Malpas Road, Brockley, S.E. Gentleman. St8udentof Chemist’ry. Certificated in “ Inorganic Chemistry ” 2nd “ Steam,” Science and Art Department, and “Corn Milling,” City and Guilds of London Institute. Inventor of flaked cereals for brewing purposes. Walter J. Sykes. Bertram Blount. J. Jackson. H. Droop Richmond. Arthur R. Ling. Sidney Harcey. Bernard Dyer. Otto Hehner. Harrison, Edward Frank, 17, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. Assistant Lecturer on Chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society, 17 2nd Demonstrator in th E! Rssearch Laboratory. Joint Author with Professor Duustan of paper on " Isaconitiae " (J. Che112. SOC.,1893, 443).Wyndliam R. Dunqtan. John Attfield. M. Carteighe. Thos. S. Dymond. Henry G. Greeuish. FitzGerald, Henry Purefoy, Wellington College, Bei-ks. Science Niaster at the above. B.A. of Oxford University (Keble College). 1st Class in Final Honour Schools in Julie, 1893, the sub-jccb taken being '' Cliernistry "; now Senior >!taster in Chemisti-y and Physics at Wellington College. IA-. W. Fisher. V. H. Veley. J. E. Marsh. Wni. Odling. D. H. Nagel. John A. Gardner. John Conyoy. John iVatts. P. ,qol.a. A. Vernon I€ai*cowt. Gay,Ernest William, 14, St. Julian's Road, Kilburn: N.W. Chemist. For the past seven years engaged in the study of C'hemistry and Physics, both in hhe School of Mines, Camborne, Cornwall, and in the Lahoratory under Dr.A. B. Griffiths, Ph.D., F.C.S., &c. A. B. Griffiths. Harold Follows. Alexacder Hay. Lionel Cooper. C. T.Ki~i~gzett. Thomas A. Pooley. E. C. Co?zrnd. Y. A. Estcozwt. H. J. JIousley. Grafton, Walter, 11,Grosvenor Road, Upton Park, Essex. Gas Analyst and Assistant in a Gas Works. Analytical Chemist. Studied Theoretical and Practical Chemistry for three years at thc ftoyal Polytechnic Institute. I have acted as Assistant for neariy two years to Mr. Greville Williams, E.R.S. Author of papers-'' Tho Standard of Light " (Joumaal of Gas Lighting, lSSl), 6L To Facilitate the Correction of the Volume of Gas at, different Temperatures and under different Atmospheric Pressures, with Table " (Joui-nal of Gas Lighting, 1893).For t,he lmt three years Chief Gas Analyst to the Beckton Station of the Gas Light and Coke Company. Special ex- perience in the manufacture of Illuminating Gas and analysis of Coals. W. C. Young. Greville Williams. Vivian B. Lewes. W. J. Dibdin. R. Grimwood. Hamilton, Robert, 5, Lake Street, Huiislet, Leeds. Analytical Chemist. For 5 years Assistant to Wallace, Tatlock, and Clark, City Analysts, Qlasgow. For 3 years Chemist at Glen- gariiock Iron and Steel Works (the first in ScotJand to adopt the Basic Steel Process). For 5 years Chemist (during the last 4 years Chief Chemist) at the Leeds Steel Works Ltd. Robert R. Tatlock. John Clark. J. E. Stead. Harry W. Dixon. Wm. McD. I\Iackey. Homtio Bal lanfyize. F. W.BmnsoiL.Hayward, Edward Stanley, 23, St. Thomas Street, Winchester, Hants. Science Master. Pornierly Chemistry Master of Essingwoocl Grammar School, York. Chemistry Master at the Grammar School, Crediton, Devon. W. B. Dottomley. John Percival. A. IIutchinson. Thomas H. Eastcrfield. Heni~yJ. illi)~~soiz. Heap, Isaac Henry, M.P.S., Fern Bank, Aynsley Road, Stoke-on -Trent. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Major Examination of Pharmaceutical Society. Desirom of receiving the Society’s Journal, with a view of keeping up a knowledge of Theoretical and Manufacturing Cheniist 1 J~ M. Carteighe. John Attfield. John C. Thresh. Michael Conroy. Edwcwd Dncies. Hills, Edmond Herbert, Darland House, Chatham. CaptaJn Royal Engineers. Instructor of Cheniistry and Plioto-graphy at the School of Military Engineering, Chatham.T. E. Thorpe. W. de W. Abney. Chapman Jones . W. Palmer Wynne. William Tate. Holmes, John Winder, 28, Crooms Hill, Greenwich. Chemist in connection with Brewery. 2$ years’ Chemical woi.1; in King’s College Laboratury and 3 months in Mr. Laurence Briant’s Ltiboratory, 24, High Holborn. R. Neldola. John M. Thomscn. G. Scilliiigfleet Johnson. Herbert Jackson. Arthur J. Starey. 19 Hornby, R.,B.A., Long Preston, Leeds. Science Master. Hastings Exhibitioner in Chemistry and Phpics, Queen’s Colleqe, OxEord. Burdett-Coutts (University) Schular, 1st Class Honours in Chemistry and Geology. Senior Science Master, the High School, Newcasde (Staffordshire).Wm. Odling. V. H. Veleg. John Watts . W. W. Fisher. H. G. Madan. R. Stockdale. Hughes, Frank, 27, Fairfield Road, Chelmsford. Demonstrator in Chemistry, Essex C.C. Technical Instruction Committee. Studied Chemistry at Finsbury Technical College, three years ; obtained the College certificate. Joint Author of following papers, published in T~ans.Chem. Xoc. .-‘‘ The Formation of Indene Derivatives from Dibrom-a-naphthol,” 57,393 ; “ A Third Naphtha- quinone,” 57, 631 ; “Note on the Action of Nitric acid on Dibrom-a- naphthol,” 57, 808 ; “ Notes on the Azo-derivatires of p-Naphthyl-amine,” 1891, 372, by Raphael Meldola, F.R.S., and Frank Hughes. Appointed for one year to carry on chemical investigations at Labora- tory of Marine Biological Association.Now Demonstrator at Central County Laboratory of the Essex C.C. R.Meldola. Thos. Tyrer. Thomas S. Dymond. Harold G, Coiniar;. John C. Thresh. Hutchinson, Alfred, The Leya, Cambridge. Senior Science Master, The Leys School. Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1st Class Natural Sciences Tripos, Parts I :md 11. G. D. Liveing. T. H. Easterfield. Alexander Scott. J. T. Hewitt. H. J. H. Fenton. Jackson, David Hamilton, M.A.,B.Sc., Royal College of Science, South Kensington. 18.51 Commission Exhibitioner from the University of Nen-Zealand. Has studied Chemistry at the Ancklanci College, New Zealand, under Professor F. D. Brown, and at, the University of Melbourne, under Professor Orme Masson. Now engaged in Research Work at the Koyal College of Science.T. E. Thorpe. J. W. Rodger. W. Palmer Wynne. A. E. Tutton. Chapmaiz Jones. Jardine, Walter, 86, Victoria Place, Ferth. Teacher. Graduated M.A. Glasgow University, 1890. Studied Chemistry under Dr. Andrew Thomson, 1890-93. Obtained Honours (Theoretical and Practical) in Science and Art Department Exaniina- tion, 1893. At present teaching Chemistry at Sharp’s Institute and nnder Perth County Council, Andrew Thomson. David Ferrier. T. S. >furlray. John Alexander. F. R.Japp. Pemy F. Frankland. Fred.J. Him bly. Jas. 12. Appleyard. Jennison, Francis Herbert, Moscow, Russia (address c/o A. Illingworth, Moscovir). Chemist and Drer to the ‘‘ First Moscow Company’s Dyeworks.” As a student, I spent from October, 1886, to January, 1892, working in the Laboratories (Chemical and Dyeing) of the Yorkshire College, during which 1took the complete course of Dyeing and Chemistry.In 1889 was elected an Associate of the ‘Institute of Chemistry, and since 1892 have been at work on machine dyeing. Arthur Smithells. J. J. Hummel. Herbert Ingle. C. 3’.Rakey. J. B. Cohen. Jenks,Robert Leonard, 68, Victoria Road, Claphani, S.W. Honorary Demonstrator in Chemistry at the City and Guilds of London Central Institution. Student in Chemistry at Central In- stitution, 1889-92. Associate of the same, 1892. Henry E. Armstrong. F. Stanley Kipping. Gerald T. JXoody. W. J. Pope. Chas. Mills. IFT. Palmer Wynne. Lapworth, A., 13,Duchess Rosd, Birmingham.Student in Chemistry. B.Sc. (Honours) of University of London. Four years Science Student at Mason College, Birmingham, and holder of 1851 Exhibition Scholarship (in Chemistry). William A. Tilden. W. W. J. Nicol. Sidney Williamson. Martin 0. Forster. Henry E. Armstrong. Leonard, Norman, 2A, Lorn Road, Brixton, S.W. Analytical Chemist. Bachelor of Science and University Scholar in Chemistry of London University. Associate of the Institute of 21 Chemistry. For five years a student at University College, Bristol, arid now Senior Assistant to Dr. Thos. Stevenson, of Guy’s Hospital. Thos. Stevenson. Charles E. Groves. William Ramsay. Sydney Young. Arthur Richardson. R. Bodmer. Lucas, E.W., 225, Oxford Street. Director of the Laboratory of Messrs.John Bell and Go. Studied Chemistry and Practical Chemistry in the School of the Pharma- ceutical Society during one Session. Passed the Major Examination of above Society in 1888. For three years Assistant Government) Analyst and Apothecary in the Colony of Hong Kong, where I con-ducted a considerable parkion of the general analytical and toxi- cological work. Have published following paper :-‘‘ Note on a Blethod of Measuring Micro-organisms in Air ’’ (Phamz. JownaZ) ; alw a Report on the Watcr Supply of the City of Victoria, Hong Kong, published by the Government for information of public. Wyndham R. Dunstan. Bl. Carteighe. John Attfield. Joseph Ince. Walter Hills. Luty, Arthur, 30,Bryn-y-mor Terrace, Swansea.Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist. Four years general Analyti- .cal work, Foods, Metal, &s., at the Technical Institute, Swansea, under Dr. MoQrgan; and in my second year as Experimental ant1 General Chemist, at Messrs. C. Lambert and Co.’s, Port Tennant Copper Works, Electro Department. W. Morgan. W. Terrill. Rhys Charles. Frank B. Last. Otto Helmer. Macdonald, A. H,, The Green, Marlborough, Wilts. Intends to teach Chemistry. Late Exhibitioner (in Chemistry) of Keble College, Oxford. Second class in Honour School of Chemistry 1893. Wm. Odling. W. W. Fisher. V. H. Veley. J. A. Gardner. J. E. Marsh. John Watts. Melland, Godfrey, Victoria Park, Man Chester. Research Student in Owens College. Four years student in the Owens College Chemical Laboratories.B.Sc. with Honours in 22 Chemistry, Victoria University. Two and a-half years student in the School of Mines ; Associate in Metallurgy of the R.S.M. Harold B. Dixon. Arthur Hsrden. W. H. Perkin, jun. Arthur W. Crossley. P. J. Hartog. Murray, J. M., B.Sc., Highfield, Holmes Chapel, Cbeshire. Research Stndent in Chemistry. Three years in Chemical Labor- atories of Owens College. R.Sc., with Honours in Chemistrj-, at. Victoria University. Researching with Professor Perkin. Harold B. Dixon. G. H. Bailey. P. J. Hartog. W. H. Joseland. Gilbert J. Fowler. W. H. Perkin, jun. J. B. Coheu. Pearson, William Henry, 4,Bryn Villas, Blaina, Mon. Analytical Chemist. Assistant for five years to Mi,.J. E. Stead, F.C.S., F.I.C., of Messrs. Pattinson and Stead, Analytical Chemists and Assayers, 5, Zetland Road, Middlesbro’. At present Analyst to the Pyle and Blaina Works, Limited, at Blaina, Mon., and Pyle, Glam., manufacturers of Ferromanganese, Spiegeleisen, &c. J. E. Stead. H. Frankland. C. H. Eidsdale. Richard Dormer. John Pntti?zson. Peden, John, jun., Blair Terrace, Qreenock. Analytical Chemist. I was wit11 the Public Analysts of this town as Assistant for about five years, and for the past four and a half Fears have carried on business on my own account as an Analyst, at 11, Duff Street, Greenock. A. Humboldt Sexton. R. R. Tatlock. Horatio Ballantyne. Angus Smith. T. L. Patterson. Paterson,David, Lea Bank, Roslin, N.B.Colour Chemist in Carpet Wmks. Studied Chemistry with Prof. Perkin at Heriot Watt College, Edinburgh. Contributed papers 011 ‘* Capilla.rity of Aniline Colours,” and the “Use of Antimony ‘hi-fiuoride Ammonium Sulphate Double Salt as a Mordant” to 23 Jomzal of Dyers and Colourists. Colour Chemist in Carpet Works. W. H. Perkin, jun, Steveiisoii Macadam. Robert 11-vine. ,James Stenhouse. JOILL~LHzcnte1'. F. Siadey Kippiug. Paulusz, Richard, Colombo. Apothecary, General Hospital, Colombo. Lecturer on Practical Pharmacy at the Ceylon Medical College ; Assistant, to the Public Analyst, Ceylon ; attended three Courses of Lectures (on Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic) in the Cejlon Medical College ; and passed the final Examination of the Junior Branch.M. Cochran. E. Roberts. F. C. H. Clarke. Wm.R. Bumett. Kany Lnll Dey. Preo LCLUDey. Pollok, J. Holmes, 37, ,4thole Ga'rdens, Glasgow. Consulting Chemist ; B.Sc. Glasgow ; Author of Paper on " Saline Solutions " (Roy. SOC.Edin.), and on '' Refractory Gold Ores " (Soc. Chem. Incl.), and several Patents for treatment of Gold Ore. John Feipson, J. T. Bottomley. G. G. Henderson. A. Humboldt Sexton. C. M. Aikman. Quinn,J. Cardwell, Wootlcroft, Gateacre, near Liverpool. Chemist and Assayer. Bachelor of Science, with Honours (Vic-toria) ; Associate of the Institute of Chemistry ; Student of Chemistry for the past 7 years ; at present Experimental Chemist to the Patent Films Syndicate, Limited.3ticbael Conroy. Charles A. Kohn. J. Campbell Brown. H. E. Stocks. Thomas Turner. Robertson, A. B., Dungoylie, Bearsden, by Glasgow. Lecturer on Chemist,ry in the Coatbridge Teclinicsl School and Miniug College. Over 6 years Lecturer on Chemistry in Glasgon. Academy, G Iasgom Western Medical School, and Coat bridge Techni- cal School and Mining College, and to the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow mid Edinburgh ; Author of " Researches on Ethyl and Methyl Alcohols, Quantitative Electrolysis," &c., &c. ; Author of Analytical Tables, &c.; ready for publication, book 011 Quantitative Analysis. R. R. Tatlock. A. Humboldt Sexton. James Robson. Thos. Gray. G. G. Hewierson. Ross, Arthur, 1,Glengall Road, Old Kent Road, S.E.Analytical Chemist. I Lave been through the Chemical Course at Finsbury Technical College for 3 years daring tlie day, and 3 years evening course. The Institute of Chemistry have this month ac-cepted my application to be examined by them; and I have been engaged in examining *Waters and Water Deposits for the last 2 years. R. Ifeldola. T. L. Phipson. A. Hall. Thomas J. Underhill. C'hndes Rmzble. Rouillard, Richard A,, 5, Dundoiiald Road, Wimbledon, and Mauritius. Analytical Chemist. Was formerly a Student of the Royal (201-lege of Mauritius ; Matriculated in the University of London (1891) ; liave been Assistant to 3Ir. Leon Ehrmann, Analytical Chemist, in Mauritius, and have also for some time been specially engaged in the study of Agricultural Chemistry.cTohnA. R. Newlands. John Wriglitson. Bernard Dyer. B. E. R. Newlands. Chapman Jones. John Hughes. F. A. -Vamuhg. Rowntree, Walter Smithson, 53, Grosvenor Road, London, S.W. Research Assistant in Physiological Chemistry to Dr. Pavy, F.R.S. Studied Chemistry at Oweiis College, Manchester ; at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington; and for a short time in the laboratories at Heidelberg. Four years' subsequent work, in con-junction with Dr. Pavy, F.R.S., in the Conjoint Laboratories of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, upon the Chemistry of the Carbohjdrates. Results in part brought before the Royal Society in June last, and shortly to be published in full. Chapman Jones.A. E. Tutton. William Tate. Harold Gripper. Gilbert. J. Fowler. W.Palnzer Wynne. 25 Smith, Charles Henry, The Bungalow, Nassau, Bahamas, W.I. Principal, the Bahamas Training Institute for Teachers ; Curator of the Laboratory in connection with the Borough Road College for Schoolmasters, and afterwards Junior Chemistry Tutor of same College, and Lecturer. Assisted at the Toynbee Hall East London University Extension Movement, more particularly in the popular- ising of Chemistry before the opening of Science Classes at the People’s Palace ; done considerable quantitative work at the Royal College of Science, under Dr. Japp, now Professor at St. Andrew, being placed in the 1st Class of Chemistry Teachers at the Summer Course.Have ultimate hopes of founding some kind of Chemical lnstructioa in West Indies, where affiliation to some such recognised Society is of greater import than previous work in Chemistry, and Kensington results, seeing I have no Science Degree. Further, was working for London B.Sc. when my departure broke up niy examinations. J. Howard. R.L. Taylor. H. Entwistle. J.H. Glatlstone. William Ping. Spillan, Harry Ernest, A.C.P.,&c., 5, Belitha Villas, Barnsbnry Park. Science Lecturer and Demonstrator, For many years Lecturer and Demonstrator at Islington, Tottenham, Walworth, Hackney, &c Holder of 14 Science Certificates ; South Kensington, Graduate, 8.c &c. Author Scientific Articles. W. J. Cousins. G. Russell Beardmore.Edward C. Cyril Baly. G. T. Zlolloway. Henry Basseft. Tanner, Alfred E., 2, Bruce Grove, Tottenham. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Examiner in Practical Chemistry at the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Lecturer on Pharmacy and Materia Medica, Westminster Hospital Medi4 School, &c., &c. A. D~pi-k. M. Carteighe. Thos. P. Blunt. H. Wilson Hake. W. J. Dibdin. Wpdham R. Dunstan. Trench,George, Standard Honse, FaTersham. Manager Gf Explosive Works. Member Society of Arts and Chemical Industry. Twenty years’ experience of manufacture of Ex-plosives and Acids, &c. P. Gerald Sauford. Henry de Mosenth nl. Rudolph Messel. €2. T. Jlarshall. Willianz ATezcton. W.H. Camon. Amold Philip. Williams, William Lloyd, Erbistock Villa, 10, Miskin Road, Dartford.Chemist and Assistant-Manager, 1890-93, to Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & Co., Phoenix Mills, Dartford. Fellom Institute Chem. istry, 1892 (Associate, 1SSil). Silvey Medallist, Plinrmaceutisal Society, Session 1882-83 (Chemistry, Botany, and Materia Medica). Pliarimceutical Chemist. Worker in Research Laboratory, Pharma- ceutical Society, 1888-89. Joint Author with Professor Dunstan, “The Dfetameric Amy1 Nitrites,” Pharm. J., 1888. hborato~y Manager to John Moss & Co., Galen Works, New Cross, S.E., Octo-ber, 1889--Decembei*, 1890. 34. Carteighe. Wyndhnm R. D unstan. John Attfield. John Moss. Thomas Tyrer. A. Searl. Wingate, Hamilton More, B.Sc., 3, Buckingham Street, Glasgow, W. Late Junior Assistant, Chemical Department, Unirersit’y of Glasgow.Analytical and Metallurgical Chemist, Melbourne, Australia. Joshua Buchanan. G. G. Henderson. C. M. Aikman. Hugh Brown Collins. Thomas Gray. Bernard Dyer. Young, Meredith, M.B., C.M. (Edin.), Brighouse, Yorks. Medical Officer of Health. As Medical Officer of Health to the Borough of Brighouse, and to the Halifax Rural Sanitary Authority engaged in Chemical Analysis, &c., as applied to Hygiene. Formerly student of Sanitary Chemistry at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. Arthur Smithells. Hcrbert Ingle. Julius B. Cohen. Janzes Robt. Kayc. E.Nomaan Lanngham. The following Candidates are recommended by tlie Couiicil for ballot under Bye-law I (para. 3) :- Harvey, W.Pellew, Golden, British Columbia. Assayer and Analytical Chemist. 1875-79, Student of Theo-retical and Practical Chemistry with J. H. Collins and A. K. Barnett, F.G.S. ; 1879-82, learning Assaying and Analytical Work with Nessrs. Vivian & Sons, Truro, Cornwall ; 1882-84, on the staff of Mcssrs. Vivian & Sons, Hafod Copper Works, Swansea ; 1885-90, managing the Laboratory of Messrs. John F. Penrose & Sims, Red- ruth ; 1890-91, Chemist to Golden Mining cnd Smelting Company, Golden, British Columbia. Left to better my position in 1891, aiid have since practised privately as an Assayer and Analytical Chemist in Golden, British Columbia, during which period I have acted as Chemist to Mr. arthur Forest, cyanide process here, and in 1893 mas selected by British Columbia Government to make all assays and analyses on specimens sent froiii the Province to World’s Fair, Chicago.P. Gerald Sanford. John J. Beringer. Jos. LRinson Wills. George Attwood. Lee, Clifford Walker, Oaklands, Dewsbury, Yorkshire. Chemist to the Atacama Miueral Company, Taltac, Chili. Three years Chemical Student and Laboratory Assistant, Grammar School, Batley, Yorks. Two years Chemical Student evening classes, Foly-technic, Regent Street, and Finsbury Technical College, London. Four years Assistant in Assay Offices and Laboratories of Messrs. Johnson & Sons, 23, Cross Sheet, London, E.C. Three years Chemist to the Atscama Mineral Company, Taltac, Chili. H. Y. Lorain. Jaubert, George F., Ph.D., Anilin Fabrik, Ludwsgshafen am Rh.Chemist in Head Laboratory of the Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik. Studied Chemistry for five years with Professor Graebe, two years as Assistant. Published paper on “ 1:1’-Naphthalic Acid and its Derivatives ” (see Abstract, Chem. SOC.Journ, 64, 477). A continuation of this work will shortly be published, with Professor Graebe, in t,he Annulen der Chenzie. Ernest Ehrhardt. HAHRISOX AND SONS, PliINTEUS IN OPDLNAILY TO II ISlt UA.JRSTY, ST. MARTIN’S LhXE.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8941000001
出版商:RSC
年代:1894
数据来源: RSC
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