摘要:

PROCEEDINGS OF THR CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 142 Session 1894-95. EXTRA June 28th. Dr. Armstrong, President, in the chair. MI~~ISC;, This meeting was held in the Theatre of the Royal Institution, by kind permission of the Managers. The following paper was read and experimentally illusti*ated. *44.''Phosphorescence and photographic action at the temperature of boiling liquid air." By James Dewar, F.R.S. Phosphorescence and fluorescence are terms applied to similar phenomena which apparently differ only in degree, the first lasting for a relatively long period after the withdrawal of the light stimulus, whereas the second is so short that it can only he observed during the continuous action of the exciting agent. In all cases the luminous effects called phosphorescence and fluorescence belong to a less refrangible part of the spectrum than the exciting rays.Phos-phorescence may be regarded as a kind of fluorescence which lasts a long time after. the excitation has ceased, and may be briefly defined as the phenomena observed when certain substances give out light through the transformation of absorbed vibrations of shorter period. The researches of Becquerel showed that the intensity of phos-phorescence depended directly on the intensity of the stimulating light, and a factor of absorption and intensity as some coefficient representing molecular friction or damping. When phosphorescing sulphides of calcium are heated they increase in this light emissioii, whereas if cooled to -80" they cease altogether to be luminous, and if maintained at this low temperature for hours keep a latent store of light energy that may be again evolved on allowing the temperature of the sulphide to rise to the ordinary tempera- ture. But while the temperature of -80" is sufficient to stop all sensible emission from previously-excited sulphide, it does not prevent an unexcited sulphide from abso7*bi7~glight energy that can be evolved at higher tempei*atures. Having now the nieans of cool-ing substances to temperatures ranging from -180" to -200" b-y means of liquid air, a new study of phosphorescence seemed ad- missible.Under such conditions all known organic compounds are solids, and this condition of matter is specially favourable to phoaphorescent phenomena.The effect of temperature on phosphorescence is easy to observe by taking two portions of the same substance placed in similar yery thin test tubes, cooling one of the specimens in liquid air, and then quickly exposing both samples side by side to the same light stimulation. If during the light excitation, caused by burning magnesium OF a flash of the electric light, the eyes are carefully covered, then the compara- tive phosphorescence, if any, of the cooled and uncooled substance can be observed. In this mode of working the action of the very short wave-lengths of light are stopped by the opacity of glass, but the solid condition of all substances at the low temperature enables the use of glass to be abandoned when necessary. As a general rule it may be stated that the great majority of substances exhibiting feeble phos- phorescence at ordinaiy temperature become markedly more active at these very low temperatures.Thug gelatin, celluloid, paraffin, ivory, horn, and indiarubber become distinctly luminous, with a bluish or greenish phosphorescence, after cooling to -180" and being stimu- lated by the electric light. Hydroquinone was more luminous khan the isomeric resorcinol or pyrocatechol, and in the same way pyrogallol was hint compared with phloroglncol. All alkaloids forming fluorescent solutions become phosphorescent at low tempera -tures. The hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, and ethers of the fatty series are all more or less active, and glycerin, sulphuric and nitric acids are all very bright, so also are concentrated hydrochloric acid and strong ammonia solution.Coloured salts generally show little activity, but a large number of colourlees salts are very lumin-ous. Water when pure is only feebly phosphorescent, but remark- ably so when impure. Acetic acid and acetamide appeared fairly equal in luminosity ; hippuric acid was very fine, as were most sub-stances containing a ketone group. Lithium platinocyanide changed from white to red on cooling, and was excelled in phosphorescing power by yellow ammonium platinocysnide, which was exceedingly bright. Definite organic substances possessing exceptional powers of phos-phorescence when stimulated at -183 C. are acetophenone, benzo- phenone, asparagin, hippuyic acid, phthalic anhydride, urea, creatine, urethane, succinimide, triphenyl methane, diphenyl, salicylic acid, 173 slycogen, aldehyde-ammonia, &c.It will require long and laborious experiments, liowever, to measure the relative brightness of the phosphorescence of bodies belonging to definite series. Remarkable results were obtained with an egg shell and a feather rt?spectively. The egg shone brilliantly as a globe of blue light, and the feather was equally brilliant, its outline showing clearly in the darkened room. 0ther organic substances giving good results were cotton-wool, paper, leather, linen, tortoise-shell, and sponge, all phos- phorescing brightly, as did also a white flower, R cultivated species of Dianthus.Coloured glasses and papers as a rule exhibit no phos- phorescence, and when the alcohols are colonred by the addition of a trace of iodine, the luminous effect is destroyed. Milk mas shown to be highly phosphorescent and much brighter than water. The white of egg has greater phosphorescing power than the yolk, white substances generally being superior in this respect to coloured ones. On cooling a layer of white of egg on the outside of a test tube to -190", and then exposing it to a flash of the electric arc, the brilliancy of the phosphorescent light is very striking. The chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, sulpho-, and nitro-compounds, as a rule, sliow nothing, or are but faintly luminous. Amongst basic bodies iiicotine is more luminous than quinoline or pyridine. Metals also phosphoresce, but in this case the action is due to some organic film deposited from the air, because it disappears on ignition.If the metal is subsequently touched, the phosphorescence re-appears. So far as the examination has been carried, the two most remark- able classes of substance for phosphorescence are the platinocyanides amongst inorganic compounds, and the ketonic compounds, like aceto- phenone and ethyl phenyl ketone, and others of the same type, amongst organic. When ammonium platinocyanide is cooled with liquid air and maintained at this temperature by being immersed in the liquid while stimulated by exposure to a beam of the elec- tric arc, it continues to glow in the dark with a feeble emission as long as the temperature is kept about -180".On pouring off, however, the liquid air from the crystals so that the temperature may rise, then the interior of the test tube glows like a lamp from the sudden increase of light emissivity as the temperature rises. It seems clear from this experiment that similar initial light inten- sities being used for stimulating, t4he substance at this low temperature must have acquired increased power of absorption, and it may be that at the same time the factor of molecular friction or damping may have diminished. That the absorptive power of substances for light is greatly changed at low temperatures is proved by the change of colour in substances like oxide, iodide, and sulphide of mercury, chromic acid, &c., when cooled.Many quantitative photo- 174 metric measurements must be made before the actual changes taking place in the conditions governing the phenomena can be definitelv stated. Along with these experiments on phosphorescence, a number of photographs have been taken at -lSG”, using various sensitive plates and films, and these have been compared with similar photo- graphs taken at the same time under similar conditions at the orcli- nary temperature. The photographs have been examined by Captaiii Abney, who reports that the photographic action has been reduced by 80 per cent. at the temperature of -180”. If the photographic action is brought about by a chemical chailge, then it appears to be the only one that can be traced under such conditions, as substances having the most powerful affinities have no action on each other, and all voltaic combinations cease to give a current at such Ion-temperatures. It is certain that the Eastmnn film cooled to -200” by tlie evaporation of air in ~‘ncztois still fairly sensitire to photographic action.Much further work, however, will be re-quired to reach a definite conclusion as to what is taking place ahen substances sensitive to photographic action are subjected to such con- ditions of temperatnre. The following are the abstrach of papers received during the vaca- tion, and published in the Transactions :-45. “Tne magnetic rotation of compounds supposed to contain acetyl, or to be of ketonic origin.Part 11.” By W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., F.R.S. (Tmns., 1894, 815.) The following substances were examined as to their magnetic rotation :--Dimethylacetylacetonez allylacetylacetone, hydracetylacet- one, ethylic monocsrbox ye thylacet oacet ate, e thylic-P-et hox ycro tonat e, methylic acetoacetate, methylic dimethylacetoacetate, ethylic di-methylacetoacetate, ethylic diethylacetoacet<ate, acetylacetone and acetic anhydride ; while allylncetyl acetone, hydmcetylacetone, and ethylic etlioxycrotoriate were examined as to their refractive and dis- persive power. Details of the results are given in the paper. The author finds that dirnethylacetylacetone behaves only as a ketone, and concludes that the values given in his previous paper (Trans..1892, SOO) for monomethyl and monoethyl-acetylacetone are a little too high. Allylacetylacetone is found to consist, at ordinary tem- peratures, of the unsaturated hydroxylic compound ; at 95” it princi-pally consists of the ketone. Acetylacetone is the unsaturated mon- hydroxylic compound, CH,*C(O€€):CH.CO-CH,, and hydracetylacetone is the satlurated compound CH,.CH(OH) -CH,*CO*CH,. Ethy1 ic monocarbox y eth ylacetoacetat e and e thylic-j3- e thoxycroton -ate are unsaturated compounds. The remaining substances show 3irnilar results to those previously obtained. 46.‘(Studies on citrazinic acid. Part 111.” By W. J. Sell, M.A., and T.H. Easterfield, M.A., Ph.D. (Trans., 1894, 828.) On further examination of the product of the action of dilute sulph- uric acid on isonit’rosocitrazinic acid (Trans., 11393, 1047!, the authors iaegard it as aa-diglutaric acid.They have also prepared and described 2%’’-diglntctric acid, anhydrodiglutaric acid, and examined the pro- ducts of the nitration and sulphonation of citrazinic acid. 47. “Azo-compounds of the ortho-series. Part 111.” By RaphaelMeldola, F.R.S., and Edgar S. Hanes. (Trans., 1894,834.) A description is given of the reduction of the acetyl derivative of ,$-naphthaleneazo-/?-naphtholwith zinc dust and acetic acid, and of the preparation of a-naphthaleneazo-p-naphthol,metanitrobenzene-azo-paracresol, and of benzene-/3-azo-a-naphthol. The methods of attack are summarised under the heads of reduction, nitration, and bromination. The first give ambigEous results in the case of azo-compounds containing acid radicles, but might be expected to give definite evidence of the constitution of alkyl derivatives ; the second gives very decisive information in the case of alkyl derivatives of the nzo-naphthols; the third has proved to be inapplicable to oxyazo-compounds.48. ‘‘Derivatives of anthraquinone. Part 111.’’ By A. G.Perkin, and F.Cope. (Trans., 1894,842.) An examination of the properties of /3-methylanthraquinone and of its derivatives. In the course of the inquiry the following sub-stances were prepared and described :-m-hydroxyanthraquinone, /3-carbosylic acid, alizarin-p-carboxy lic acid, nitronlizarin-B-carboxylic acid, aiid purpurin p-earboxylic acid.The latter product was com- pared with purpurin carboxylic acid or pseudopurpurin present in madder, and the distinction between the two was exceedingly well defined. The carboxyl group in these compounds is very stable. 49. ‘‘Colouring and other principles contained in mang-koudu.”By A. G. Perkin and J. J. Hummel. (Trans., 1894,851.) >fang-Koudou is the root bark of Moriuda zinzbellata, largely used in Java for producing fast reds in the native calico prints. The authors correct their previous statement (Trans., 1893, 1162), that its colour- ing matter was alizarin, and now show it to be morindone. They have isolated 11 distinct substances from the root, which also contains free acid, the nature of which has not yet been determined.No cane sugar was found, a distinction from chay root (Eoc. cit.) and from madder. Full details of the met,hods employed in extraction and separation are given, and the behaviour of the substance as a dye stuff is described. 50. "Pheaylnaphthalenes. 11. P-phenylnaphthalene." By F. D. Chat-taway, B.A., and W. H. Lewis, B.A. (Trans., 1894, 869,) P-Phenylnaphthalene can be synthesised by allowing sodium to act at about 140" on a mixture of chlor-or bromo-benzene and /3-cblor-naphthalene, or P-bromonaphthalene dissolved in zylene. The yield is poor, but the method shows the constitution of the hydrocarbon. The product, distilling between 300-380", consists chiefly of p-plienyl-naphthalene. A yield of 2-3 per cent. of the weight of p-chloro-naphthalene used was obtained.Its properties are f ally described. It melts at 101.5", and boils at, 345-6". Its quinone was prepared, and is described. 51. "Preparation of P-chloronaphthalene." By F. D. Chattaway, B.A., and W. H. Lewis, B.A. (Trans., 1894, 875.) P-Chloronaphthalene is best prepared from p-naphthylamine by diazot,ising it and converting the diazochloride into the ohloro-deriva- tive by means of cuprous chloride. As little water as possible should be present, and not more than 30 grams of /3-naphthylamine should be used. The final yield of the pura substance is about 75-80 per cent of the theoretical. The action of phosphorus pentachloride on P-naphthol yields only about 10 per cent. 52. " Note on P-mercurydinaphthyl and PP-dinaphthyl." By F. D.Chattaway, B.A. (Trans., 1894, 877.) p-Mercurydinaphthyl, prepared by Otto and Dreher's method, is examined and described. The author confirms Behren's results. When distilled over red-hot soda lime, it yields, among other pro- ducts, Pp-dinaphthyl, which is also described. The author is engaged in investigating the dinaphthyls and their derivatives. 53. "Reduction of paratolueneazodimethylaniline." By D. R. Boyd, B.Sc. (Trans., 1894, 879). P. Jacobson and Kunz reduced beiizeneazodimethylaniline with stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid, and isolated from the pro- duct a dimet.hyltriamidodipheny1. As transformation into a semidine 177 base was not observed, though the substituting group was in the para-position, it appeared possible that the action might take a different course if a substituted group were present in the second para-position also.This investigation has shown that paratolueneazo- dimethylaniline yields, on reduction, a semidine base in very con-siderable quantity. The paper gives an account of the method of preparing the pnratoluene compound, its reduction, the isolation of the resulting base, its behaviour towards formic acid, benzil, nitrous acid, and its decomposition products when acted on with hydrochloric acid, which prove the base to be an ortho-semidine. November lst, 1894. Dr, Armstrong, President, in the Chair. Messrs. H. Davies, J. T. Hewitt, R. E. Hughes, and E. Brooke Pike were formally admitted Fellows of the Society.The President having pointed out that the Certificates of Candi-dates for election me now always printed in extenso and circulated in the " Proceedings " before the date of ballot, it was unanimously resolved by t,he Meeting that the reading of only the names of Candidates should be regarded as reading the Certificates. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Fred.erick John Allen, Phoenix Chemical Works, Poplar ; George H. Allibon, Earlsfort, Strandmillis Road, Belfast ; John Allport, X.A., 32, Lancaster Park, Richmond, S.W. ; Samuel William Allworthy, M.A., M.D., Mosaphir, Cavehill Road, Belfast ; Stephnne Barlet, B. As. Sc., 47, Bassett Road, W. ;James Boulton, Craford Mills ; D.R. Boyd, B.Sc., Mason College, Birmingham ; John Samuel Strafford Brame, 36, Howard Street, Gloucester ; James Bruce, 10, Selwood Terrace, Fulham Road, S.W.; George William Burman, 9, Ebor Terrace, Woodhouse Hill, Hunslet, Leeds ; William Bush, Eastgate Villa, Chepstow Road, Newport, Mon. ; Ezra Catherall, Harecrofts, Wilsden, Bradford ; Arthur Herbert Coote, 8, Laurel Terrace, Brad-gate R,oad, Catford, S.E. ; John William Deakin, Northwich ; William Michael Doherty, Robert Street, Marricl;ville, Sydney, N.S ,W.; Lewis Benjamin Saltwell Dutson, 14, Vicarage Place, Walsall ; John Garwood Everett, 29, High Street, Windsor ; Alfred Greeves, South- lands Training College, Battersea, S.W. ; John Hall, Spring Bank, Leftwich, Northwich ; Edward Haworth, B.Sc., Hyndburn Bridge, Clayt,on-le-Moors, Accrington ; Albert Helms, Ph.D., 8, Bridge Street, Sydney, N.S.W.; Alexander Frederick Hogg, M.A., 73, Stanhope Road, Darlington ; George Cecil Jones, Fylton, Bristol ; Bevan Lean. B.A., D.Sc., Dalton Hall, Victoria Park, blanchester; W. H. Lewis, B.A., The Laboratory, Exeter School ; George William MacDonald, B.Sc., 15, Stanley Gardens, N.W. ; Charles James Shaw Makin, 51, Earls Court Square, S.W. ; James McCutcheon, Marchmont, Lanark, N.B. ; Charles Butterworth Newton, Gas Works, Rotherham ; Thos. Ormerod, Sackville Street, Burnley ; James Proude, 13, Oak Terrace, Halifax : Gerald G. Quinn, 7, Albert Street, NewcastJe, Staffs. ; David Gibson Riddick, Stores Department G.E.R., Stratford, E.; Alfred George Scorer, Abercorn Lodge, Upper Hamilton Terrace, N.W. ; Claude Smith, Havering, Roinford, Essex ; Albert Taylor, 2, Torkington Street, Edgeley, Stockport ; William G. Wagner, 101, Leadenhall Sti.eet, E.C. ; Robert Waterliouse, 101, Leadenhall Street, E.C. ; William L. Warren, 12, Westland Row, Dublin ; Christopher Wilson, The Grammar School, Mancliester ; Robert Hnnbury Wilson, Washing Stocks Farm, Bromsgrove, Worcester ; Alexander Poole Wilson, Maypole House, Knocklong, Co. Limerick ; James Young, 4, Plumstead Common Road, Woolwich. Of the following papers those marked * were read :-“54. “The electromotive force of alloys in a voltaic cell.” By A. P. Laurie, M.A. This paper contains the results of determinations of the electro- motive force of 16 of the 19 alloys alluded to in Matthiessen’s paper on the conductivity of alloys (Phil.Tq-am., 150). The results ob- tained confirm Xatthiessen’s conclusion, that only one compound, the tin-gold alloy, exists among the 16, which are :-Bismuth-tin, bismuth-lead, bismuth-goid, bismuth-silver, gold-silver, antimony-lead, cadmium-zinc, antimony-tin, lead-gold, lead- silver, lead-tin, lead-zinc, lead-cadmium, cadmium-tin. In some cases the addition of a metal to the alloy results in dis- placement. Thus mercury deconiposes the gold-tin compound, and zinc, added to copper-tin alloy, appears to replace the tin. DISCUSSION. The PRESIDKXTsaid that owing to the difficulty of obtaining in- formation by purely chemical methods as to the relative affinities of the metallic elements and of the proportions in which they could combine together, observations such as those of Mr. Laurie were of peculiar interest.Apparently the chief di Eculty in aspplying his method was to obtain suitable liquids capable of separately acting on the several alloys. In this respect purely physical methods seemed to be of wider application. Bearing in mind the close relationship of 179 magnesium, zinc and cadmium, aid of copper, silver and gold, it was especially important to exiend the observations made on copper zinc alloys to all these metals, i.~.,to asceytain the behaviour of the several metals of the one group to the several metals of the other, since it may be possible in this way to determine the relative valencies of such metals.Mr, T. TKRNISR said that Mr. Laurie’s experiments on zinc-copper alloys enabled us to correct a mistake in the results obtained by Mallet, and published in his ‘‘Construction of Artillery,” in which it was stated that the alloy containing 33 per cent. of copper was tough and malleable, and that it was used for watch-makers’ brass. This statement has been copied into the majority of the text books, hut, as a matter of fact, the 33 per cent. alloy corresponds with Laurie’s definite compound, and is weak and brittle. Determinations of the electromotive force of tin-copper alloys had also yielded very interesting results, and had led him (Mr. Turner) to the conclusion that the existence of only two definite tin-copper alloys had been prored, the evidence in the case of the third being much less satis- factory.This question he had dealt with in the article “ Tin,” in Thorpe’s Dictionary . ‘.55.“A product of the action of nitric oxide on sodium ethylate.” ByG. W. MacDonald, B.Sc., and Orme Masson, M.A., D.Sc. The authors describe the absorption of nitric oxide by an alcoholic solation of sodium ethylate, the chief product, of the action being the sodium salt of ail acid, CR2Na0,H2. This is a ci-ystallinc explosive compound, insoluble in alcohol, but soluble in water. From it are obtained rarious insoluble metallic salts, the most characteristic one being the sky-blue copper salt, CH,Na04Cu. The properties of some of these salts are described, as also those of the soluble ammonium salt and the unstable acid, obtained in solutiop by decomposing the copper compound with hydrogen suiphide ; and reasons are advanced in support of the hypothesis that the acid is mefhyZeiLe-di-hydroxy-I(itrosanzii~e,CH2[N (NO) OH] 2.The sodium salt, obtained by W. Traube, and called by him the sodium salt of niethylene-di-isonitramine, CH,(N,O,H), (Bey., 1894, 1507), by the action of nitric oxide on acetone in presence of alcoholic soda, is apparently identical with that now described. ‘$56.“The incomplete combustion of some gaseous carbon compounds.” By W. A. Bone, M.Sc., Ph.D., and J. C. Cain, D.Sc., B.Sc. (Vict.). The authors have extended the work of Lean and Bone on the t.xplosioii of ethylene with less than its own volume of oxygen 180 (Trans., 1892, 873) to mixtures of (1) acetylene, (2) cyanogen and hydrogen, and (3) normal pentane, with an amount of oxygen insuffi- cient to oxidise all the carbon present to monoxide.The method adopted was to explode the mixtures in a long, leaden coil (except in the case of pentane, when a long glass tube could safely be emploSed), closed by steel taps, having at one end a glass firing-piece, and connected at the other end with a mercury manometer, so that any change in pressure on explosion could be observed. The chemical changes which would occur in such experi- ments would therefore be those of the ‘‘ explosion wave.” Both the original mixtures and the products we1-e carefully analysed, using a modified form of the McLeod gas-analysis apparatus (see Phil.T?-ans., 1884, Part 2), which is admirably adapted for accurate work. On exploding mixtures of acetylene and oxygen at atmospheric pressure, an increase in pressure of about 400 mm. of mercury was in each case noted. The products contained acetylene, a saturated hydrocarbon (doubtless methane), hydrogen, carbon monoxide: dioxide, and nitrogen. Analysis shows that when acetylene is exploded with half its volume of oxygen, the resulting interaction may be expressed by the equation 2C2H2+ 0, = 2CO + 2C + H2. On exploding a mixture of cyanogen and hydrogen with oxygen a considerable increase in pressure occurred. Carbon was liberated.It appears that practically none of the hydrogen was oxidised dui-ing the explosion. The hydrogen and nitrogen actually found agree very well with the assumption that all the oxygen combines with cyanogen to form the monoxide aid free nitrogen, whilst the excess of cyanogen breaks up into carbon and nitrogen. The carbon mon- oxide found is 2 per cent. lower than that given by calculation ; but it must be remembered that I$ to 2 per cent. of carbon dioxide is Pormed. The most interesting point in connection with these experiments is, however, the formation of methane and acetylene. In one case the amounts of both these hydrocarbons were more than 1.7 per cent. The formation of methane and acetylene in these expe- riments must be due to the direct union of carbon and hydrogen at the high temperature of the explosion-wave.Acetylene, it is well known, can be syntliesised directly from its elements, but up to the present time methane has not been so obtained. The authors, in an experiment, which however they wish to be regarded merely as a preliminary one, satisfied themselves that the synthesis of methane from its elements is not an impossibi1it;r. By heating pure sugar- charcoal (which had previously been heated strongly in a current of chlorine, and then in a current of pure hydrogen) contained in it 181 porcelain tube t’oa white heat in a charcoal furnace, in a current of hydrogen containing A mere trace of hydrocarbon impurities, they found that 1.71 per cent.(mean of four well-agreeing analyses) of mothaiie was produced. This experiment will be repeated and extended. The formation of acetylene, together with Berthelot’s observation that when acetylene was decomposed by shock (charge of fulminate) only 0.04 per cent. of it remained unchanged, incline the authors to the view that the acetylene found is due to reunion of dissociated carbon and hydrogen in or behind the explosion-wave. A mixture of 1vol. pentane with 24 vols. of oxygen was exploded in a long glass tube. The mixture being just. over the “explosion limit,” the shock was not very violent, and the flame travelled quite slowly down the tube. Carbon was deposited, and an increase in pressure amounting to 2 atmospheres was observed. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetylene and hydrogen were produced; the acetylene formed may be accounted for by the fact that carbon and hydrogen were undoubtedly liberated in the explo- sion at a high temperature. The experiments now described show that when a hydrocarbon containing n atoms of carbon is burnt with 92 aioms of oxygen, the interaction may be represented thus : C,H, O,&=lzC0 + 9H2, and2 that a niixture of cyanogen and hydrogen may be substituted for t,he hydrocarbon, thus: C2N2 + H2 0, = 2CO + H2 + N2.In addition to the varions other issues raised by this work, the authors would draw attention to the formation of carbon dioxide in these experiments, as well as in those of Bone and Lean on ethylene, and also to the amownt of carbon dioxide formed being less the greatel.the amount of oxygen (relative to the hydrocarbon) present. DISCTSSION. The PRESIDEKT,referring to the stress laid by the authors on the production of less carbon dioxide when the greater proportion of oxygen was used, expressed the opinion that probably we were dealing with end results in such cases. It was conceivable that when more oxygen was used, and the temperature was coiisequently higher at some period during the explosion, the earlier dioxide became unburnt to a greater extent. If the authors were prepared to argue that acetylene was formed during the combustion of acetylene, they must also be prepared to admit that other reversed changes occurred. 57. "Derivatives of tetramethylene." By W.H. Perkin, jun., F.R.S. Contrary to the statement of Freund and Gudeman (Ber., 21, QH2*QH? ,is obtained2694), a good yield of tetramethylenearnine, CH,*CH*N H, when the piire amide of tetramethylenecarboxylic acid is at t'acked with bromine and potash. The base is a colourless, pungent-smelling oil, which boils at 81", and is miscible with water, with evolution of heat ; the hydmchlode, C,H,N*HCl, crys tallises in long striated iieedles ;the pZatinichloride, (C4H,N),*H2PtCIG,crystallises from water in deep orange octahedra. I YH2'FHZHydi*oa.ytetyamethylene,CH2*CH-OH' is produced when the hydro-chloride of tetramethylenearnine is treated with silver nitrite ;it is a colourless oil, which boils at 123",and pmsesses an odour similar to that of butyl alcohol.When digested with hydrobromic acid it yields a mixture of bi-oinotetranz~thylene,CIH,Er (b. p. 104"), and a dib~~wo-butane, which boils at 174", and which on investigation was found to be identical with 1:3-dib~ornobwfnne,CH3*CHBrCH2*CH2Ri+,which the author succeeded in preparing by the action of liydrobromic acid (m 1:3-dihydroxybutane (from aldol). The formation of this dibromide shows that the tetramethylene ring, like the trimethylene ring, may, under certain conditions, be +plit by the action of hydrogen bromide, a behaviour of the four- carbon ring which has not before been observed. FH2.pChZorotetramethy lene, CHI,*CHC1' roduced by the action of phos-phorus pentachloride on hydroxytetramethylene, is a colourless oil.which boils at 85", and which, when heated with potassium iodide in alcoholic solution, yields iodotetramethyZene, C4H,I (b. p. 138"),an oil which, like the alkyl iodides, rapidly discoloiirs in the air. The action of bromine on tetramethylenedicayboxylic acid,7H2.QH*C00H COOH' has also been carefully investigated. CH2*CH* Wlien this acid is heated with excess of bromine in the presence of phosphorus, the principal product of the reaction is dibrouzotetra-nzethyZeizedicm.bo~.ylic ucid, (?H2*?Br'CooH which crystnllises inCH,*CBr*CC)OH' colourless plates, melts at 202-205" with decomposition, and is readily soluble in water ; the methyl salt, C,H~,Br20~,melts at 88-89', :tnd the t-tnhydride, C6HGBr,03,at 103-104".Alkalis, and also potassium iodide, convert dibromotetramethy-lenedicarboxylic acid into broniodihjdrotetrenecarboxylic acid, 1s3 QH2*gBr (colourless needles, m. p. lEo),carbon dioxide and CH2*C*COOH hydrogen bromide being eliminated, and this acid, when exposed to bromine vapour, yields tribromotetramethylenecarboxylic acid.7H,*QBr, CH,. CRr*COOH' Silver hydroxide reacts readily with an aqueous solution of dibromo tetrnmethylenedicarboxylic acid, with formation of bromodihydro-tetrenecarboxylic acid, and a syrupy acid, which appears to consist CH2.Y (OH)*COOHof dihydroxytet.r.ni?aethyle?aedicndoqlic acid, ICH,*C(OH)*COOH* The action of alkalis on methylic dibromoteti~amethylenedicarboxy-late is quite different from that described above in the case of the free acid, the principal product of the reaction being dihydrotetrene- $:H2-#*C0OHdicarbosylic acid, a colonrless, crjstalline substance, CH2*CGOOH' which melts at 178", aiid is not acted on by bromine at ordinary tem- peratures ;at 200" it loses water, with formation of an anhydride.XethyZic dilzyd~~oteti=enedicnr.bo~~l~t~is formed quantitatively wheil methylic dibromotetramethylenedicarboxylateis digested in alcoholic solution with potassium iodide ; it melts at 46", and when exposed to bromine vapour is reconverted into the methylie salt of the dibromo acid. 58.''Pentamethylenedicarboxylic acid, CH,< CH.*qH.COOH,, By E. CH,.CH-C.OOH' Haworth, B.Sc., and W. H. Perkin, jun., F.R.S.When treated with bromine and phosphorus, peiitamethylenecli- carboxylic acid behaves very similarly to the corresponding tet,ra- methylene compound (see preceding abstract), the principal prodtict of the reaction being dib~~omo~entnmetl~ylenedica~bo~ylicacid, CH,.VBr*CO OH a colourless, crystalline substance, wb icliZ<cH,.cBr ooH7o~ melts at 183-184", and is readily decomposed by alkalis, for::iing This acid crystallises in needles, melts at 130°, and in contact with bromine vapour is converted into tribromopentamethyl enecarboxylic CH2*Br2acid, CH,< CH2*CBr.C0OH' Dihydropentenedicn~box CH,. t.COOH is producedylic acid, CH'<CH,.C .C0OH' when methylic dibromopen tamethylenedicarboxylat,e is digested in 184 alcoholic, solution with potassium iodide, and the product hydrolysed with alcoholic potash ;it crystallises from water in colourless prisms, and melts at 178".A number of experiments are described in the paper, which were instihtsd with the object of preparing the anhydride of transpenta-methylenedicarboxylic acid, a substance which, according to Baeyer's theory of anhydride formation (compare Trans., 1894, 572), should be capable of existence, and iiltimately, by digesting the acid foi. 25 minutes with acetic anhydride, and distilling off the excess of the latter under reduced pressure, an oily product was obtained, which on examination was found to consist of the nearly pure anhydride of the trans-acid, and which on distillation was converted quantitatively into the anhydride of the cis-acid.59. "Substituted pimelic acids." By A. W.Crossley, B.Sc., and W.H. Perkin, jun.,F.R.S. Some time since (Trans., 59, 818) one of us, in conjunction with Nr. B. Prentice, described a method for preparing substituted pimelic acids, and it was shown that, by this method, it was only possible to obtain aa'disubstituted pimelic acids containing the same radicles as, €or example, dimethyl pimelic acid, C00H*CH(CH3) (CH2)3*CH(CH3) * C00H ; in continuing the study of the pimelic acids various methods have since been tried with the object of preparing monosubstituted pimelic acids and disubstituted pimelic acids of the type COOH*CHR~(CH2)3*CHR*COOH, containing dissimilar radicles.When trimethylenechlorobromide reacts with the sodium deri-vatire of ethylic ethylmalonate, ethylic w-chloropropyl ethyl malo- nate, (COOC2H5),*C(C~H5)*CH,*CHz*CH2CI,is obtained, and this substance when digested, in alcoholic solution, with the sodium derivative of ethylic malonate yields ethylic ethylpentanetetracarb- oxylate, (C 00C2H5),*C(CzEL5)*(CH,),*CH(COOC,€€,),, a colourless oil boiling at 2'75" (75 mm.). On hydrolysis, this ethereal salt yields a poly-basic acid, which at 200" loses carbon dioxide forming ethyl pimelic acid, COOH.CH(C,H,) * (CH,),*CH,*COOK, a colourless oil which boils at 260--265" (82 mm.) ; the ethyl saZt boils at 198-200" (88 mm.) ; the amide is crystalline and melts at 145". Ethty Z methylpinz eZic acid, C0OH.C H(Me) ( CH,),*C H(Et) COOH, was also prepared, by a method which differs somewhat from that described above.The sodium compound of ethylic ethyl malonate was digested in methyl alcoholic solution with chlormethoxypropane, C1CH2*CH2*C:H2*0*CH3(Trans., 15,596),and the resulting methylic me thoxypropyle thylmalonat e (COOCH3),*C( C2H5) *CH2*CH2*CHz*0.C H3, a colourless liquid boiling at 180" (43 mm.) converted into the acid by hydrolysis. This acid, on distillation, yields methoxypropanethylacetic acid, COOH*CH(C2H,)*CH2*CH,*CH,*0.CH3,which boils at 250°, and when treated with hydrobromic acid is converted into w-bromo-propylethylacet ic acid, COOH*CH( C2H5)*CH2*CH2* CHzBr. The ethereal salt of this acid was then digested witb the sodium compound of ethylic methylnialonate ; the resulting ethylic ethyl me- thy lpentanetricarboxyl ate, C02Et CH(C2H5)*( CH,) 3*C(C€3,) (CO,E t),, a colourless oil which boils at 227-230" (60 mm.), hydrolysed, and the tricarboxylic acid heated at 200", until evolution of carbon dioxide had ceased.The residnal crude acid, after distillation in vacuo after some months, deposited colourless crystals, which repeatedly re- crystallised, melted at about 73",and consisted of pure ethyl methyl- pimelic acid ; the mother liquors from these crystals contain a lower melting acid, which is probably a stereoisomeride. 60. Homologues of butanetetracarboxylic acid, and of adipic acid." By Bevan Lean, D.Sc., B.A., Bishop Berkeley Fellow of Owens College.When acted on with sodium ethylate, ethyl butanetetracarboxylate forms a disodium derivative, which reacts readily with the iodides or chlorides of the alcohol radicles. A detailed study has been made of the dimethyl-, diethyl-, dicetyl-, and dibeazyl-derivatives so obtained. These derivsd ives on hydrolysis yield tetracarboxylic acids, of the general formula HOOC> CR*CH2.CH2*HoO CR <COOH posses sing some remarkable properties, which appear not to have been observed in the case of any other organic acids. These acids, although they contain four carboxyl groups, do not in all cases behave as tetrabasic acids. On determining their basicity by titration with potassium hydrate solution, some of them act as dibasic acids; not'ably is this the case with dibenzplbutanetetracarboxylic:acid, the result being the same whether phenol phthalein or litmus is used as the indicator. On the other hand, dimethyl-, diethyl-, and dicetyl-butanetetracarb-oxylic acids give different results, according as phenol phthalein or litmus is employed as the indicator.They appear tetrajasic with phenol phthalgin, while lower results are obtained with litmus solu-tion. And, further, whilst the silver and calcium salts of dimethyl-and diethyl-butanetetracarboxylicare found to be tetrabasic, those prepared in the same way from dibeilzj-I- and dicetglbutanetetra-cnrboxylic are found to be dibasic. In connection with the apparently anomalous character of tliese tetracarboxylic acids, evidence is adduced from tlie work of Thomsen and Massol on the "Heat of Neutralisation of Acids," and of Ostwald Walker and others on the " Dissociation Constants of Acids " to show that the affinity of a pol)-basic acid is a complex function of the af'finitiesof the several groups which it contains, and that the actions of one or more gronps cannot be removed without affecting the afinities of lhe rest ; and, in general, that the chemical character of a group of elements within a molecule clcpends.iiot done upon itself, but also upon the nature of those in the pi-esence of which it is found.The disubstitrited butanetetracarboxylic acids, when heated at 200--210', readily lose two molecules of carbonic anhydride, yielding disubstituted adipic acids, which invariably exist in two modifica- tions, differing usually from one another in a marked manner in melting point, solubilitg, and other physical properties ; for ins tame; dimethyladipic acids meit at 70-72" and 146', diethyladipic acids melt at 51-53' aid 136', dibenzylndipic acids melt at 152" and 21 1-213".On heating the disubstituted dipic acids in sealed tubes with acetyl chloride, in no case was an rtahydride obtained, but in view of the recent work of -Manasse and Rupe (Ber., 27, 1818) oil /I-methyl-adipic acid it is possible tliat sufficient precautions were not taken to prevent the access of moisture from tlie air. Whilst, however, 110 anhydride was obtained, it was found that whether the highel.melting or lower melting modification was employed, a, partial coll- version of' the one into the other was effected,so that the product consisted of a mixture of the two. 61. '' Contributions to the chemistry of cellulose. 1. Cellulose sulpliu- ric acid and the products of its hydrolysis." By A. L. Stern, D.Sc. When cotton cellulose is added to strong sulphuric acid, it dissolves ; if the solution be diluted, neutralised with baryta, and filtered, a solution of barium cellulose disulphate is obtained. The free acid. C,jH,O,(SO,H),, may be obtained by iaemoving the barium by sulphu-ric acid; it is very unstable, and almost impossible to isolate. The barium salt may be obtained by concentrating its aqueous solutioii atid adding alcohol, when it is thrown down as a syrupy precipitate, which may be dried by first dehydrating wit11 strong alcohol, then exposing in a vacuum over sulphnric acid, and finally heating in c2 current of dry air at 190" until it ceases to lose weight.Thus ob- 187 tnined, it is a white or slightly-coloured glassy powder, very hygro-scopic, soluble in all proportions in water, and precipitsttecl from strong solutions by alcohol. When an aqueous solution of cellulose disulpburic acid is boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it is hydrolysed. This reaction takes place in two stages, wliiuh are, however, not sharply marked off from one another. In the first stage, sulphuric acid is eliininated, and the disulphuric acid is gradually converted into cellnlose monosulphuric acid, C6HgO4*SO4H,no other product bcing formed.In the second stage, cellulosic acids containing less sulphnric acid are foymed, and also dextrose. The analytical results indicate the presence of only two of these acids, i.e., C,,Hl,O,*SO,H and H*C,2HI,0g*S04H. By no method of fractional precipitation was it possible to obtain any one of the barium salts of these acids in a state of purity although, when working with them, it was evident that their solu-bility in dilute alcohol differed. As the purified compounds contained molecular proportions of these salts, it was evideitt that they combine together. It was also frequently observed that the sugar combined with some of the salts, and thus explained the unsuccessful attempts to obtain it in a crystallisable condition. It was, however, undoubtedly dextyose.The barium salts and free acids are a11 readily diffusible, and, when examined by Raoult’s method, they give indications of a low mole cular weight. 62. “The chlorination of aniline.” By J. 3. Sudborough, l?h.D. The ailtlior finds that when chlorine is passed into a solution of aniline in chloroform to saturation, parachlor-, 2.4-dichlor- and 2 .4. 6-trichioraniline are formed. The preparation and properties of 2 .4.6-trichlor*benzoic acid and ‘L.4.6-trichlorbenzoyl chloride are also described. The former cqstallises from boiling water in long, prismatic needles, which melt ;tt 160”. The acid chloride is an oil, which boils at 257’ and is ~-c.rnai-knblystable towards both boiling water and alcohol.63. Condensation of benzil with ethyl malonate.” By Francis R. Japp, F.R.S., and W. B. Davidson, M.A., B.Sc. By the condensing action of sodium ethoxide on it mixture of benzil ihnd ethyl malonate, the authors have obt,nined two compounds : (1) tho rnonethj-1 ester of benzoinylmalonic acid, 183 which crystallises in large, lustrous prisms rnelt'ing at 134", and yields a very sparjngly soluble sodium salt ; and (2) desyleneiiisloiiic acid, C6H5*7:C(C00H) ,which forms acicular crystals melting at 130".C6H5.C0 When the former compound is warmed with glacial acetic xcid, it parts with water, and is converted into the monethyl ester of the Iatter. Fuming hydriodic acid, at its boiling point.transforms desylene- maIonic acid into a mixture of Victor Meyer and Oelkers' desylacetic acid (m. p. 160") and Klingemann's diphenylcrotolactone (m. p. 151*5"),carbon dioxide being eliniinited in the process. When heated above its melting point, desylenemalonic acid pzzrts C,H,*Cf1CH.C0OHwith carbon dioxide, yielding desyleneace tic acid, C,H,5*CO This snbstance was obtained in two forms, melting respectively at 150" and 168', both of which gare, on analysis, figures agreeing with the foregoing formula ; but the authors incline to regard this RS due to dimorphism rather than to stereoisomerism, as the former modifica- lion, on keeping, spontaneously changed its melting point;, and, after a lapse of two or three weeks, melted, like the latter, at 168".ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Essays in Historical Chemistry. By T. E. Tho~pe,Ph.D., F.R.S. xi+381 pp. London, Edinburgh [printed], 1894. 8vo. By the Author. Elements of Chemistry. By Andrew F'yfe, M.D. 2nd edition. xxiv +1062 pp. Edinburgh 1830. 8\70. By Hy. Bassett, Esq. Elements of Chemistry. By J. Murray. 2 vols. Edinburgh 1801. 8vo. By Hy. Bassett, Esq. Corso Analitico di Chiiraicn di G. Mojon. 2 vols. Genora 1825. 8vo. By By. Bassett, Esq. Hecherches sur les Rapports Rkciproques des Poids Atomiques. Par M. J.-S. Stas. 134 pp. With autograph of author. Bruxelles 1860. 8vo. By William Crookes, Esq., P.R.8. A Laboratory Guide and Analytical Tables, for junior students. By James Grant.49 pp. Manchester 1894. Svo. By the Author. Fertiliserrs and b'cding Stuffs : tlicii~propcrtics md wes. Hy Djer, l3.8~. With the Fertilisers’ Act., 1893, and notes onT3~riin~d tlie Act by Alex. J. David. viii+122 pp. London 1894. 8x70. By the Author. Practical PLcket-book of Photography. By Dr. 8,Vogel. Traus-lated by E. C. Conrad, F.C.S. x +202 pp. London 1893. 12rn0, By the Translator. A Practical Treatise on the use of the Blow-pipe in Chemical and Mineral Analysis. By John Griffin. xvi+308 pp. Glasgom 1S27. 12mo. By the Librarian. The Electric Current, how produced and how used. By R. Mul-Iineux Walmsley, D.Sc. xii+ 764 pp. London 1894. 8vo. By the Publishers. Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Meteorological Tables.(Based on Guyot’s meteorological and physical tables.) City of Washington, published by the Smithsonian Institution, 1893. 8vo. Iix +262 pp. From Smithsonian Miscellaneous Colloctions, Vol. xxxv (No. 844). Annual Report, to July, 1892. xlviii +811 pp. Washington 1893. 8vo. By the Institution. Srnithsonian Institution. Bureau of Ethnology. Tenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smith-sonian Institution, 1888-89. By J. W. PoFell, Director (Vignette). Washington, Government printing office, 1893. 8vo. xxx+ 742 pp., 54 PI. By the Institution. United States. Department of the Interior. (U.S. Geological Surver.) J. W. Powell, Director. Geology of the Eureka District,, Xeyada, with an Atlas. By Arnold Hague.Washington, Govern- ment printing office, 1892. 4to. xvii +419 pp., 8 pl. By the Survey. United States. Department of the Interior. (U.S. Geological Survey.) J. W. Powell, Director. A Manual of Topographic h.l etliod s. By Henry Gannett, Chief Topographer. Washington, Goyernment printing ofice, 1893. 4to. xiv+ 300 pp., 18 pl. By the Survey. U.S. Geological Surrey. Bulletin. Nos. 97-117. Washington 1893-94, 8vo. By the Survey. Mineral Resources of the United States. 2 vols. Washington 1892-93. 8vo. By the Survey. Andersonian Chemical Society, Glasgow. A short historical account of the Andersonian Professors of Chemistry and the work they hai-e doce. Clcsing Address. Session 1891-92, 6th May. By H. H. Broaning, M.A. 46 pp. Glasgow 1894.Sm. 4to. From the Society. 11. By Pwcf‘ase. A Text-book of Organic Chemistry. Dy A. Bernthsen, Ph.D. Translated by G. M’Gowan, Ph.D. Second English edition, revised and extended. xixi-596 pp. London 1894. 8vo. Die Praxis des 0rganisc.hen Chemikers. Von Dr. Phil. L. Gatter- mann. viii +303 pp. Leipig 1894. 8vo. Chemie der Organischen E’arbstoffe. Von Dr. R. Nietzki. Zweite Auflage. xi+329 pp. Berlin 1894. 8vo. Organic Cliemistry. Part I. By W. H. Perkin, jun., Ph.D., and f!’. S. Kipping, Ph.D. 302 pp. London, Edinburgh [printed], 1894. 8vo. Systematic Surcey of the Organic Colouring Matters. By Drs. G. Schultz and P. Julius. Translated and edited, with additlions by A. G. Green. ix +205 pp. London, Edinburgh [printed], 1894.4to. The Chemistry of Wine. By G. J. Mulder. Edited by H. Bencc Jones, M.D. xii+ 390 pp. London 1857. 8\70. Die Cellnlosefabrikntioii. Practisches Handbuch. Von M. Schu-bert. viii+23Opp. Berlin [ 3. 12mo. Ein Nntiirliches System der Gift-Wirkungeii. Von Dr. 0. Loew. viii +136 pp. Munchen 189:3. 8co. The Eadical Theory in Chemistry. By J. J. Griffin, F.C.S. xiiif575 pp. London 1858. 8vo. Grundzuge der Cheinie. Netliodisch bearbeitet von Prof. Dr. R. Arendt. Vierte Auflage. xii+ 313 pp. Haniburg [printed], Leip- zig 1892. Svo. Jahresbericht uber die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den Gahrungs- Organismen. Von Dr. A. Koch. Erster -Dritter Jahrgang. 3 vols. in one. Braunschweig, R,udolstadt [printed], 1891-93. 8vo. Jahrbuch der Chemie.Bericht uber die wichtigsten fortschrittc der reinen und angewandten Cheniie. Herausgegeben von R. Meyer. I11 Jahrg. 1893. xi +605 pp. Brauiischweig 1894. 8vo. The Natural History of Nitre: or, a philosophical discourse of the nature, generation, place, and artificial extraction of Nitre, with its virtues and uses. By W. Clarke. 93 pp, London 1670. l6m0. Pharrnaceutisches Centralblatt. (Continued as the ‘‘ Chemisch-pharmaceutisches Centralblatt,” and after as the “ Chemische Ceu- tralblatt ”). 25 vols. Leipzig 1840-64. 8vo. The Alchemical Essence and the Chemical Element. An episode in the quest of the unchanging. By IT.M. P. Muir. 94 pp. London 1894. 8vo. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 1. Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and other mined substances.By J. Black, M.1). 1766-97). 47 qq. Edinburgh [printed], London 1893. 81-0. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 2. Foundations of the Atomic Theory: comprising papers and extracts by John Dalton, vST. H. Wollaston, M.D., and T. Thotuson, M.D. (1802-1808). 48 pp. Edinburgh [printed], London 1893. 8vo. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 3. Experiments on Air. Papers published in the Philosophical Transactions by the Hon. Hen. Cav- endish, F.R.S. (178485). 52 pp. Edinburgh [printed], Londoii 1893. 8vo. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 4. Foundations of the Molecular Theory : comprising papers and extracts by John Dalton, Jos. Louis Gay-Lussac, and Amedeo- Avogstdro (1608-1 1). 51 pp. Edinburgh [printed], London 1893. 8vo. Alembic Club Reprints.No. 5. Extracts from the Micrograpliin : or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies. By R. Bookc, F.R.S. (1665). 52 pp. Edinburgh [printed], London 1894. 8\70. Alembic ClubReprints. No. 6. The Decomposition of the Fixed Alkalies and Alkaline Earths. By Humphry Davy (1807-8). 51 pp. Edinburgh [printed], London 1894. 8vo. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 7. The Discovery of Oxygen. Part I. Experiments by Jos. Priestley, LLD. (1775). 55 pp. Edinburgh [printed J, London 1894. 8vo. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 8. The Discovery of Oxygen. Part 2. Experiments by C. W. Scheele (1777). 46 pp. Edinburgh [printed], London 1894. 8vo. Ostwald's Klassiker der Exakten Wissenschaften. No. 21. TJeber die Wandernngen der Ionen wahrend der Elek- trolyse.Abhandlungcn von VT. Hittorf (1853-59). Nrster Theil. Herausgegeben von W. Ostwald. 87 pp., 1pl. Leipzig 1891. 8\70. No. 22. Untersuchungen uber das Eadikal der Benzoesaure von Woehler und Liebig (lS:32). Herausgegeben von 13. Kopp. 43 pp., 1pl. Leipzig 1891. 8170. No. 23. Ueber die Wanderungen der Ionen n ahrend der Elek- trolyse. Abhandlungen von W. Hittorf (1853-59). Zweiter Theil. Kerausgegeben von W. Ostwald. 142 pp,, 1pl. Leipzig 1891. 8vo. KO.25. Unterredungen und hIathematische Demonstrationen uber zwei neue Wissenszweige, die Mechanik und die Fallgesetze betreffend von Galilco Galilei. Heraus-gegeben von A. von Oettingen. 66 pp. Leipzig 1891. 8vo. No. 26. Abhandlung uber die Constitution der organischen sauren von Justus Liebig (1638).Herausgegebeii voii H. Kopp. 86 pp. Leipzig 1891. 8vo. No. 27. Untersuchungen iiber die KakodylI~cihe von R. Bun-sen (1837-43). Hersusgegeben von A. von Bdeyer. 148 pp. Leipzig 1891. 8vo. KO.34. Pl~otochemische Untersuchungcn von R. Bunsen und H. E. Roscoe (1855-59). Erste Halfte. Heraus-gegeben von W. Ostwald. 96 pp. Leipzig 1892. 8vo-NU.35. Versuch die bestimmten und emfachen Verhaltnisse aufzufmden, nach welchen die Bestsudtheile der un- organischen Natar mit einander verbunden sind von J. Berzelius (1811-12). Herausgegeben von W. Ost-wald. 218 pp. Leipzig 1892. Svo. No. 38. Photochemische Untersuchungen ron R. Bunsen und H. E. Roscoe (1855-59). Zweite Halfte. Hernus-gegeben von W. Ostwald. 107 pp.Leipzig 1892. 8vo. No. 39. Die in der Atmosphare vorhandenen 01-ganisirten Korperclien, Prufung der Lehre von der Urzengung. Abhandlung von L. Pasteur (1862). Uebersetzt von Dr. A. Wieler. 98 pp., 2 pl. Leipzig 1892. 8vo. No. 40. Zwei Abhandlungen uber die Warnie. Ton A. L. Lavoisier und P. S, L)e Lnplace. (Am den Jahren 1780 uiid 1784.) Herausgegeben von J. Rosenthal. 74 pp. Leipzig 1892. 8vo. (in progress). KO.41. Das Volumgesetz gasfiirmiger Verbindungen. Abhand-lungen von Alex, von Humboldt und J. F. Gay-Lussac (1805-8). Herauspgeben von W. Ostwald. 42 pp. Leipzig 1893. 8vo. Trois Trnitez de la Philosophie Naturelle non encore imprimez. Le Secret Livre du Artephius ; plus. Les Figures Hierogliphiques de N. Flamel, &c. 103 pp. Paris 1612.4to. Elektrochemie. Ihre Geschichte uiid Lehre. Von Dr. W. Ost-wnld. Lief. 1-4. Leipzig 1894. 8vo. Bihang till Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. Nittonde Bandet. Afdel. 1-4. Stockholm 1894. 8vo. Electric Waves : being researches on the propagation of electric action with finite yelocity through space. By Dr. Heinrich Hertz. 'I'ranslation by D. E. Jones, R.Ec. xv+2i8 pp. London 1893. 8vo. Watts' Dictionary of Chemistry. Revised and entirely rewritten by M. 31. P. Muir, MA., and H. F. Morley, M.A., L).Sc. Vol. IV. London 1894. 8vo. Micro-Organisms in Water : their significance, identification and remo;.al. By Percy Frankland, Ph.D., and Ihs. Percy Frankland. xi t532 pp. London 1894, 8170. W ohler's Grundriss de~Organischen Chemie von Dr.Rudolph Fittig. Elfte Auflage. xxiii+455--1116 pp. Leipzig 1887. bvo. Chemische Prapamtenkuiide von Dr. Adolf Bender und Dr. Hugo Erdmam. Bd. 2. Stuttgnrt 1894. Svo. Adressbuch fur die Deutsche Mechanik und Optik. Von E'r. Harrwitz. $04 +104 pp. Berlin 1894. 8vo. Minerva. , Jahrbuch der gelehrten Welt. Uritter Jahrgang. 1893-94. Strassburg 1894. 12mo. xvi +861 pp. Descriptive Catalogue of Essential Oils and Organic Chemical Preparations. By F. B. Power, Ph.D., &c. New York 1894. 8vo. v+96 pp. At the next meeting of the Society, on Thursday, November ICith, the following papers will be read:-(1.) The alkaloids of Coiydalis cnca. 1. Corydaline, Part IV. 11. Corybulbinr. By Professor J, J.Dobbie and A. Lauder. (2.) Sulphoiiic derivatives of camphor, Part 11. By F. Stanley Kipping, DL).Sc., and W. J. Pope. (3.) IIalogen dericat'ives of camphor. Part I. By F. Stanley Kipping, D,Sc., and W. T. Pope. (4.)Dimethylpinielic acid. By F. Stanley Kipping, D.Sc. (5.) Attempts to estimate sulphur compounds in the atmosphere. By W. H. Oates, CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. DECEMiBEIt 6th, 1894. N.B.-The names of those who sign from “ General Knowledgo” are printed in italics. Allen, Frederick John, Phcenix Chemical Works, Poplar. Manufacturing Chemist. Associate o€ the Royal College of Science, London, in Chemistry. Studied Science privately for one yea:’, and then for three years at the Royal College of Science. Has been for.1.5months and is now Chemist in the Laboratory of Messrs. Fredk. Allen & Sons, Plzcenix Chemical TVorlis, Poplar. T. E. Thorpe. W. Palmer Wynne. Chapman Jones. J. W. Rodger. A. E. Tutton. Jno. Allen. William A. Tilden. David Howard. Thos. Ty-er. Wnt. Peai-ce. Allibon, George H., Earlsfort, Strandmillis Road, Belfast. Chemical Works Manager for Messrs. Richardson Bros. & Co., insnure manufacturers, &c., Belfast. For three y3ai.s Assistant tu Alfred Smetham, Esq., F.I.C., Z’.C.S., &c., Analytical Chemist, Brmiswick Street, Liverpool. For seven years Chemist to thc Phospbo Guano Company, Ltd., Seaconibe, Cheshire. For two and n half years Chemist and Works Manager for Messrs. Richardson Bros.k Co., vitriol and manure manufatctnrer.~, Belfast. G. T. Glover. Alfred Smetham. Bernard Dyer. Edward navies. Cowad Gerlniad. Allport, John, 32, Lancaster Park, Richmond, S.W. Science Tutor.. M.A. of Camb. Univ. Senior Op. Mathl. Tripo., 1879. Science Master in the Royal College, Colombo, teaching mainly Chemistry and some Physics, lSb7-93. Stjudied advanccd Quantitative Analysis ant1 made Chemical investigations for session 1893-94 in the Universit,y College, Nottinghnm, and obtained thcb College prize in these subjects. Frank Clowes. 3. Bernard Coleman. R. Lloyd Whiteley. Edgar B. Truman. Llewellyn L. Garbutt. R. J. Pentecost. EerLry Foi*tI~. Allworthy, Samuel William, Nosaphir, Cave Hill Road, Belfast.Medical pofession. M.A., M.D., T.C.D, Diplomate in State Medicine. Obtained Scholarship in Kxperimeiital Science (value $90) from Trinity College, Dublin. Xember British Institute of Preventive Medicine, &c. Robert Ea rkl ie. Hugh Woods, M.D. A. Wynter Blyth. Y'lieodort Jlaxwel I, M.D., B.Sr. A. H. XcCowdl. Barlet, StBphane, 47, Bassett Road, W. Teacher. Bach. Bs Sc. (Univ. Gall.). Senior Assistant Xastey and Lecturer on Physical Sciences and Chemistry at the Mercei.5' School, E.C. (4years). William Briggs. Vil-inn B. Lewes. Henry Durham. 7.11. Popy ZezceI1 13 loxam Hedeyt Jacksosi. Blackmore, Henry Spencer, 206, South 9th Avenue, Mount Vernon, New Yorl;, U.S.A. Chemist (Experimenting and Investigating). Graduatc of College of Pharmacy, N.Y.City. A4ssistant Cheniist in Laboratory of McKessin & Robbins. Arthur H. Elliott. Henry A. Xott. James H. Stebbins, jun. C. F. Chandler. Hwbert Lloyd. Boulton,James, Craford Mills. Manufacturing Chemist. In the Interest of trade as a, Chemical Manufacturer. G. Russell Beardmore. Rudolph Messel. W. C. Young. P. E. Adnim. B. C. HeuqLiq. 197 Boyd, D.R., Mason College, Birmingham. Demonstrator of Chemistdry iu Mason College, Birmingham. E.Sc., Glasgom University. Late ‘’Donalclson ” Research Scholar, G lasgow Universitg. Percy F. Frankland. G. G. Henderson. Matthew A. Parker. Walter G. JIclllIillan. C. F. Baker. Brame, John Samuel Strafford, 36, Howard Street, Gloucestei-. Analytical Chemist.Served five years asArticleilPnpi1 in the County Laboratory for Gloucestershire, and afterwards two years as Assist-ant. During this time was also dssist,ant Naster in the Gloucester School of Science. Have also taken all the Chemistry Courses at the Boyal College of Science, London. T. E. ’l’horpe. George Embrey. W. Palmer Wynne. J. W. Rodger. Williani Tate. Bruce, James, 10, Selwoocl Terrace, Fnlham Road, S.W. Student of Chemistry. An Associate in Chemistry (1st Class) of the Royal College of Science, South Eensington. At present engaged in Research worir at the Royal College of Science. T. E. Thorpe. William A. Tilden. W.Palmer Wynne. Chapman Jones. J. W.Rodger. Burman, George William, 9, Ebor Terrace, Wooclhvuse Hill, Hunslet, Leeds.Aimlytical Chemist. I am an Analytical Chemist, employed by the Ileeds Steel Works, Ltd., where I have been for over six years. Stcdied at the Leeds School of Science and Technology, distinguish- ing myself, taking 1st Class Honours Chemistry, also hold certificate for the Chemistry arid Manufacture of Iron and Steel. J. Wertheimer. Ed. Iiawlins. JC. H. Saniter. Hu~?LXarclay. ]I. Broadbent. Bush, William, Eastgate Villa, Chepstom Road, Newport, Mon. l’rincipal of the Newport (Mon.) Technical Schools and Director of Technical Education for the County Borough of Newport. 1st Class Honours and Medal in the Cihy Guilds examinations in Photo- graphy, in ElectrornetJallurgy, and in Iron and Steel Mannfncture. Desires to become a Fellow in order to obtarin the advantage of thc library and periodicals, &c.Geo. R. Thompson. John Parry. Lionel 1%.Jones J. T. liodgey. IJrm Tafe. Cameron, Alexander, 13, Stonenest Street, Tollington Park, London, N. Analytical Chemist. Studied for two and a hdE yenrs Practical and Theoretical Chemistry with Messrs. R. EL. Tatlock, Readman, S; Thornson, City Analysts, Glasgow. At preserit Chief Assistant tn Mr. F. J. Lloyd, Analytical Chemist, London. Contributed paper on " The Estimation of Silica " tc. Chcnaicnr!iVem for 13th April, 1894. Fredk. J. Lloyd. G. Smith. James Cameron. D. Corrie. Robert R. Tatlock. Wm. Bintou!. Horatio Ballant,yne. Catherall, Ezra, Hnrecrofts, Wilsden, Bradford, Yorks. Headmaster Hebden Bridge Organised Science School.Associate of the Royal College of Science, London (Chemistry 1st Class). In the examination for the Associateship I obtained the third place in Class I in Orga,nic and Analytical Chemistry, and the first place in Class I in Chemical Physics. T. E. Thorpe. W. Palmer Wynne. J. W. Rodger. A. El. Tatton. William Tnte. Chambers, Joseph F., Grammar School, Dursley, Glos. Headmaster. Student of the Royal College of Science, London. Tlecturer on Chemistlag under Glouxster County Council. T. E. Thorpe. A. E. Tutton. Fred. J. Hambly TT'%'llinrnTate. Pcwy F. Fmnklaud. Coote, Arthur Herbert, 8, Laurel Terrace, Bradgat,e Koad, Catfsrd, S.E. Assistant to Professor Hodgkinson, Artillery College, Waolwich. Six and a half years Assistant to H.B. Baker, Esq., &LA., in Chemical Laboratory. Dul midi College. Londoil University 2nd Class Honours in Chemistry at Int. Sci., July, 1594. Published, a9 joint author, abstracts of two papers in Chem. SOC.Proceedings. Walter A. Toss. W. R. E. Hodgkinson. H. Breretori Baker. Waltei. N. Edwards. John J. Pilley. 3’. H. Coste. Deakin, John William, Northwich. BIanufacturing Chemist. For 15 years a Manufacturing Chemist. Paid special attention to matters relating to preparation of pure vhemicals. Conducted research in those matters which have bear- ing upon the bases used in Organic Research. I have also worked spcciully upon the Chemistry of Photography. Have also conducted research and practical work in the leat’her manufacture in connection with the treatment of salted hides.Eredk. H. Bowman. ,J. J. Howitt. T.A. Reid. Fmncis Hem-y !Fate. Douglas Hei.man. Dixon, William, 102, Spring Street, Bury, Lanes. Head Teacher, Chemistry and Physics Departments, Riluiiicipal Tccbnicd School, Bury. Studied for two years at the Royal College cf Science, South Kensington, London, under Professor Dr. E. B”l.anklanc17 Professor l?. Guthi*ie, Professor T. M. Goodeve, &c. Passed 1st Class in all Divisions of Chemistry. Holder of many 1st Class Teacher’s Certificates of the Science and Arti Department. Student for several years at OJvens College, Manchester, in Chemistry, Physics, Theoretical nlechanics, Mathematics, German, &c.1Clember of the Society of Chemical Industry. Fellow of the Imperial Insti-tute. I have been engaged teaching Chemistry, Physics, he., for tthe last 15 years. W. H. Barr, L.R.C.P.S. William Marshall. Thos. Stenhouse. Wm. A. Knight. Thos. 1%Berry. 1’. W. Westnzcuy. Doherty,William Michael, Robeyt Street, Mnrrickville, Sydney, N.S.W. Assistant, to Government Analyst, Sydney, N.S.W. Author of tivo papers contributed to the Australasian Association for the Ad- r:mcement of Science-“ Composition of Lucerne ” and also “On the 17ood Value of the Cavendish Banana.” William Ill.Hamlet. John C. H. &lingaye. J. €1. Maiden. Edward H. Rennie. George 4.Bym. 200 Duncan, Cecil Cooke, RroynlAgricLiltuml College, Cirencester. Demons t'rat or of C11eniistry, Royal Agricultural College, Circii-cester.Antlior of the following papers :-" Tlie Productioii of Pure Metallic Copper in a Cr~stalliiie Condition," PYOC.CJimn. Soc., 1890, p. 95. " TJeber die Diffusion von SnuerstofT und Stickstoff in Wassei-," " Beiti-tige zur Kcnntniss dcr Respiration cler Fisclie," C. Duncai; and 3'. Hoppc-Seyler. In Hoppc-Mejler's Zr.it. f. P1~ysiol. CJLevz.. 17. Heft 2-3. 18'32, John 11.Tliomson. Herbert McLeod. Herbert Jackson . G. S. Johnson. Edward Kinch. Dunn, Frederic, S3, Pnckiiigtoii Street, Ken, I\Ielbonrne. Analytical Chemist (Public Analyst to the city of LelLoLii lit), South Melbourne, Collingwood, he.). For ten years Senior Assistnnt to J. Cosrno Newbcry, Rsq. (Scientific Superintendent of the Iiidus-trial and Technological AIuseuni, Alelbonrne).For many Fears Lecturer on Chemislry at tlic Scotch, Wesley, ad Oriiioiid Colleges. About two years Chief Inspector of Bxplosires, and Analyst to the Depart- meiit of Nines, Victoria. For iiiiTe jears Pnblic Analj-st to the citie\ of Melbourne, South illelbouriie, Collingwood, Fitzroy, &c.. wh icli 7: still act for. C. R. Blackett,, J.P., Gonxmnent Analyst, &c. Fed. von Mueller. Orme Masson. J. B. Kirklmd. .John Joseph Eastick. Dutson, Lewis Benjamin Saltwell, 14, Vicarage Place, 'JValss~11, Staffordshire. Lecturer on Organic Chcmistrj-. 1881 to 1885,Student of Chemistry at Walsall Science niicl Art Iiistitut'c. 1885 to 1887, Demonstrator of Cheiiiistry at Rouriic College, Quinton. Studeiit of Chemistry a,C, Birmingham and Midland Institute, &c.Octobei., 1R37, to June, 1888,Student of Clieuiistry at Normal Scliool of Scieiice. Pebrunry, l8S9, to October, 1889, glass and eiianiel aiialyst. Septent-ber, 1890, to present time, Teacher of Chemistry at Walssll Scieiice and Art Institute. Have obtained 1st Class Inorganic N.S.S., 1st Class Hoiionrs Pract. S. and A. I).,2nd CI:,ss Honours Theor. S and A. D. T. E. Thorpe. W. R. Eaton Hodgkinson. Chap man Jones. A. 3;. Tutton. A. R. Gower. 201 Everett, John Gamvood, 29, High Street, Windsor. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Was a Student under Dr. Attfield, at the Pharmaceutical Society's School, and as a Pharmacist. Is tlesirous of keeping up his scientific Chemistry, and in order to do so is niixious to have access to cument chemical literature. John Attfielcl.R. H. Parker. W. H. Symoiis. J. Napier. TVyiui7aan.t B. Duwtcm. Thos. P.Clunf. C'liCIS. Uwzey . Fogg, Charles A,, 48, Kent Street, Bolton, Lnncs. Science Demonstrator at the Organised Science School, Bolton. Commenced my studies in Theoretical and Practical Chemistry at the 3Ianchester Grammar School (Science Section), and continued after- mnrds at the Owens College, Manchester. Also studied Industrial Chemistry subjects at the 3Isncliester Technical School. Instructor in Chemistry in the above Scieiice School, having taught large classes in Inorganic aid Organic Chemistry (Theoretical and Practical) for the past eight years.Tecbiiolcgicnl Chemistry. Studied this subject (Thcor. and Pract.) at Owens College, Manchester. Jno. L. Whiteside. George H. Hunt. R. L. Taylor. G. H. Bailey. Francis Jones. William B. Mason. F. E. Adams. Forbes, Donald Gordon, Shillingstone, near Blandford, Dorset. Mining Engineer. First at Cooper's Hill Eirgineering College, where he studied Chemistry, then, served under Geo. Attwood, F.C.S., &c., for three years, partly at nickel, cobalt, and copper works xncl laboratory at Sudbnq, Ontario, Canada, and partly at the Gold Reduction Works at Fairview, British Columbia, where he was engaged in working the cyanide process of gold extraction, and chngaged in assaying go!cl, silrer, copper, and lead minerals and their products, &c.George httwood. W. Pellew Harvey. IV. Bezant Lowe. bY. H. Btcdleston. Hugo Niiller. Greeves, Alfred, Southlands Training College, Eattersea, S.W. Research Assistant in Cliemistry at Royal College of Science, 202 London. Three years at the Sulpliuric Acid and Chemical Manurc Works of Nessrs. Thos. Farmer and Co., Ncrth Woolwich. Two years at Finsbury Technical College. Associate of Royal College of Science, London, in Chemistry (1st Class). T. E. Thorpe. R. illeldola. William A. Tilden P. R. Japp. W. Palmer Wynne. Hall, John, Spring Bank, Leftwich, Northwich. Manager of salt works. Two years Student in the Owens College Laboratories. Engaged for 12 years in Chemical Industry. H. B. Dison.Sydney Young. Arthur Harden. G. H. Bailey. Art7~zn.Snzithells. Haworth, Edward, Hyndbarn Bridge, Clayton-le-Moors, Accrington. Fellow of the Victoria University (in Faculty of Science). 1st Class Honours (Chemistry) B.Sc. Examination, Victoria University. Hcholay and Fellow of the Victoria University. Dalton Chemical Scholar of the Owns College. Author of two papers in JOZLWZ.C7~err.l. SOC. W. H. Perkin, juii. Arthur Harden. G. H. Bailey. Wm. A. Bone. H. B. Dixon. Helms, Albert, 8, Bridge Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Analytical Chemist. Ph.D. ; late assistant to Dr. A. W. Hofmann and teacher in Chemistry at Berlin University ; late Lecturer, Sydney Univemity. W. M. Hamlet. John C. H. Mingaye. J. H. Maiden. Edward H. Rennie. Edwin Quayle.Higgs, Martin Stanger, F.E.S., Clarence House, Gloncester. Metallurgical and Analytical Chemist. Pupil and assistant for fivo years to G. Embrey, Eaq., Public Analyst to the city and county of Gloucester. Student in Metallurgical Department, Mason’s Science College, Birmingham, during session 1890-91 ; obtained 1st Class Senior Certificate in Practical Metallurgy, under Dr. Tilden. Late Chemist to tlie Midland Coal, Coke, and Iron Company, Newcastle, 203 Staffs., 1892-93, under 3113. H. Pilkington, F.C.S. At present Chemist to Richard Thoinas and Company, Limited, Tin and Tron-plate Works, Sydney, Gloucestershire. J. T. Ainslie Walker. Herbert Pillcington. William A. Tilden. W. W. J. Nicol. George Embrey .I?. Mddolct. Hogg, Alexander Frederick, 73, Stanhops Road, Darlington. Science Master in the Grammar School, Darlington. XL4. ( Cantab.). Graduate in Science Honours ; member of Sidney Sussex College. Pour yeam’ -\voi+kas a Teacher of Chemistry to boys and adult classes. F. H. Nerille. J. T. nunn. W. F. Keating Stock. John Spiller. John H.Thonuoil. ArtlLw-Smithells. Charles T.Heycock. Wm. Hadmess. Jones, George Cecil, Pylton, Bristol. Analytical Chemist Associate of the City and Guilds Institute. For 18 months assistant to Messrs. Relbing and Pnssmore, Analytical Chemists. Henry J3. Armstrong. F. Stanley Kipping. Gerald T. Moody. W. Palmer Wj-nne. Arthur R. Ling. Knight, James, John Street School, Bridgeton, Glasgow. Tcacher (Head of Secondary Dept., John St.P.S., Glasgow). MA.,B.Sc. (Glasgo z) in departments of Chemistry and Geology. Hunterian Medallist in Geology. Lecturer 311 Foods and Dietetics to the Glasgow School of Cookery, West-end School of CookerT. Lecturer on Physiology and Hygiene at the High School of Glasgow. Head of the Cliemical Laboratory, John St. School. John Ferguson. G. G. Henderson. J, T. Bottoniley. James J. Dobbie. A. Hwnzboldt 8extou. Xober: R. Tatlock. Ladell, Richard S., 4,Colquitt Street, Liyerpool. Chemical Assistant. Assistant to Dr. A. B. Griffiths, F.R.S.E., &c. Engaged in Chemical Research. Author of papers “On the Essential Oil of Lemon ” (ChenzicnZ “~cP, vol. 69, p. SO) ; and obher papers, in course of publication, “ On tlie Terpeneless Essential Oils.” Joint author, with A.B. Griffiths, of paper “ Sur uiie Ptomaine extrai’ce des Urines dans la Grippe ” ((yompf~~sEendiis I’AcndLmie des Sciences, Paris, tome 117),&c. A. B. Griffiths. H. Follows. hlexaiider Hay. Lionel Cooper. W. Herbert Walden. Wi1lian.L CI-obkfJs. E. Frndilalzd. Wna. Odling. Jcmes Bet car. Plflyfa ir. Lean, Bevan, B.A.,BSc. (Lond.), Dalton Hall, Victoria Park, Manchester. Demonstrator in the Chemical Laboratories, Owens College, Man-cliester. FOLXyears Student in Cliemistiy, 0wens College. Three years researching at Oweiis College. Author of following papers in JOZL~.Chew,. Xoc. :-(1.) “The Behaviour of Ethylene on Explosion.” (2.) “ Some Homologues of Butane Tetracarboxrlic Acid ” (not yet published).In ilfa7~ch.Noizoii-s ;-(l.) ‘.The Extension of Flame in Explosions.” (2.) “ The Transmission of Explosions acims Air Gaps.” Harold B. I)ixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. Arth iir Harden. G. H. Bailey. Wm. A. Bone. Gilbert ,J. Fowler. Lewis, W. H., The Laboratory, Exeter School. Senior Science Master, Exeter School. B.A., Oxcii. Late Scholar of Jesus College. Honours in EaturaZ Science Schools, Oxford. If-c’ormerly Lecture Assistant at the University Clieinical Laboratory, 0xf ord. W. J. Russell. F. I). Clisttaway. H. Lloyd Snape. I). 13. Nngel. W. W. Fisher. V. H. Veley. MacDonald, George William, 15, Stanley Gardeiis, N.W. Research Student. Exhibitioii Scholar, 1851. Bachelor of Science.Scholar and Exhibitioner of the University of Nelbourne. Has assisted the Professor in pyactical teaching of Chemistyy. William Ramsay. J ohii Norman Collie. John Shields. Xdwsrd C. Cxril Baly. K. T. M. Wilsmore. McCutcheon, James, Laborntor>-, Carluke. N.B., or Marchiiiont, Lanark, N.B. Lecturer on Chemistry aiid Agriculture to the County Council of Idziiarkshire. For three yea1.s Lecturer on Chemistry Gnd Agricul turc for the County Council of Lanarkshire. Duriiig this period he has tlelivered 30 lectures on tliese subjects at Biggar, Carlnke, Caruwath, Nast Kilbride (2 Sessions), and Lesiiiahagow (2 Sessions). During the ensuing session he has to deliver 30 lectures 011 Theoretical and Practical Chemistry and the Principles of Agricalture, at Biggar (2nd Session), CaTluke (2nd Session), Carmunnoch, East ICilbride (3rd Session), aiid Strathnven.He has charge of, and lectures in, tlie County Couiicil Laboratory at Carluke. Author of " Principles of hqricnlture " (R. L. Hoimes. Glnsgow). J. Falconer King. Robert TYnllnce. GCHL~IZ~JZZ.T. Rhynier Afarshall. G. €I. It7. IC'I'SO:~Xaca dnm. Makin, Charles James Shaw, 51, Earls Court Square, London, S.W. Analytical Chemist. Formerly a Studeiit of tlie Royal College of Science, South Kensington, -\\--here he has taken the full courses of instruction in Theoretical (Inorganic and Organic) Chemistry, and ill Laboratory Practice. T. E. Thorpe W. Paliiiev Wynne. J. IT.Rodger. Mrilliani Tate. A.E. Tuttoii. Chapman Jones. G. S. Nemth. A. P. L~iff. Newton,Charles Butterworth, Gas Works, Rotherham. Civil Engineer. Gas and Water Eugiiieer to the Corporation of Rotherham. Hono~irsMedallist in Gas AIanufacture, City aid Guilds of Loiidori Institute. Engaged in the rnanufacture of gas, sulpliate of ammonia, sulpliuric acid, xiid aiinlyticsl chemistry con-iiected there~-ith ; also in the collection and purification of water foi the supply of 60,000 persons. Thos. P. Blunt. Leonard Temple Thorne. J. Holliday. Thos. Dusburj-. Heii 7-y Ellisoiz. Ormerod, Thos., Sackville Street, B~irnley,Lnncs. Head Master, Cnrlton Road School, Burnley. Studeiit in thc Chemical Laboratory of the Owens College for Sessions 1891-92, 1892-93.Inter. B.Sc. (London), 1st Division. W. H. Perkin, jun. G. H. Bailey. P. J. Hartog. G. J. Fowlc~. J. ill: Jf?ci-my. Proude, James, 13, Oak Terrace, Halifax. Soap Works Chemist a,nd Manager. 1st Certificate Prize and Bronze Medal for So:~p Manufacture (City and Guilds), 1S94. Chemistry Certificate, 1891-9.2. Interested in all that appertains to the chemistry of soap making. W. H. Wood. Thos. Hojgate. Herbert W. Seely. Thorp Whitaker. 3'. F. &md. 2cf.D. w-.I€.nichardso?L Quinn, Gerald G., 7, Albert Street, Newcastle, Staffordshire. Denionstrator in Chemistry and Physics at the Hnnley Higher Grade School. 1st Class Associate (in Chemistry) at the Royal College of Science, 1880-93, and Prizeman in Chemical Quantitative Analysis.I have taught classes in Chemistry, 1881-89 and 1887-88, at the Manchester School Board's Science Classes, and was Demon- strator in Chemistry and Physics at the Norwicli Higher Grzde School, and now occupy a similar position at the Hanley Higher 6rade School. T. E. Thorpe. W. Palmer Wynne. Chapman Jones. A. E. Tutton. V'illiam Tate. Riddick, David Gibson, Stores Uept., Great Eastern Railway, Stmtford. Analytical Chemist. With Dr. Kinnaird Belford, Xorthurnber- land. For 12 years Chemist to Stores Department, Great Eastern Railway. Chas. E. Eastick. William Ne~7to11, Ph.D. Ft. K. Harland. B. E. R. Newlands. JO~L~LA. 1;. Newlands. Saunder, Charles Stirling, 163, Victoria Street, Westminster. Licentiate of Royal College of Phjsicians of Lauclon, 1881.Senior Prizeman in Chemistry at the Royal Grammar School: Lancaster, 1\Iidsummer, 1876. Queen's Prizeman in Chemistry (1st Class) in the Government Examination in Science, May, 1875. A 1st year’s Demonstrator of Cheinistry, Charing Cross Hospital, 1882. F. A. Abel. J. C. Eutterfield. Robt. N. Lennox. Fred Braby. J. Dickimoi~.Jolin Attfield. Ll~*th~i~ Scorer,Alfred George, Abercorn Lodge, Upper Hamilton Terrace, N.W. Teacher of Agriculture and Science connected therewith. Member of the IXoyal Agricultural College (by examination). Holder of 1st Class Certificate in Senior Examination of Royal Agricultural Society of England. Have also passed the examination at SurveFors’ Izistilution for the Professional Associateship, and am waiting election.Edward Kinch. J. Augustus Voelcker. A. ti. Bloxam. James Muir. G. German, jun. €Imiy J. Staples. Smith, Claude, Havering, Romford, Essex. At present engaged in research work relating to L4gric~iltural Chemistry [R.S. Grant, 18941. Formel-ly Student of Chemistry in King’s College, London. Author of the following communications : “The Natural Oxy-Celluloses ” and “ Note on the Production of Yurfurol,” Chem. SOC.JOWMZ, 65,472, 479. John 31, Thomson. R.Warington. Herbert Jackson. Chas. Fred. Cross. Edward Bevan. J. Augustus Voelcker. E. W. Voelcker. Taylor, Albert, 2, Torkington Strcet, Edgeley, Stockport. Lecturer in Chemistry, Dyeing, &c., at tlie Stockport Technical School. Tn-o years Lecturer in Chemistry and Physics at Little-:lorough Technical Institute.1st Class Honcurs (Science and Art Department) in Theoretical and Practical Inorganic and in Practical Organic Chemistry, and 2nd Class Honours in Theoretical Organic Cliemistry. 2nd Class Honours Practical Metallurgy, and 2nd Class Honours in Theoretical Metallurgy and in Physiography. Also 1st Honours in Wool Dyeing (City and Guilds of London Institute). R. J. Brown. Walter M. Garduer. James Grant. Geo. A. Shaw. J. Wild. Vaux, Cuthbert, 11,Thornhill Park, Sunclerland. Brewer. 1st Prizeman. 2nd j-car Associatesilip of Fcience, D1u.l1;1n1 Uiiiversit,y, and University Certificate in C1iemist1.y. Stndiecl Bac-teriology in Professor Jargenson’s Laboratory, Copcnhagen, \\rith Certificate of Proficierwy.Also stuclied at University College. Now pnytner and brewer in Messrs. Vaus Ci; Sons, Sni:dei~lmcl. Lawrence Briant. Arthur J. Starey. Thos. Watson Lovibond. William Fowler. Charles Ranken. Y.Phillips HetTsuii. H(’7h9.1~H. TVli1‘:el~c~tr(7. Wagner, William G., 101, Leadenhall Street, E.C. Analytical Chemist. Now Practicing Analytical Chemist. Articled to E. W. Wallis, B.A., F.C.S., F.I.C., silt3 former Assistant to dlfrecl H. Allen, F.T.C., F.C.S., and C. G. Moor, 31.-4., 3l.C.S. H. W. Wallis, F.I.C. -4lfrecl IT. Allen. Otto Hehner. Watson Smith. C. G. Moor. Bi’r-nnk L. Teed. Warren, William L., 12, Westland Row, Dublin. Snalytical Chemist. For three years a Student in the Boy;tl College of Science for Irelsnd in Chemistry, Assaying, &c.Analyst during the last 12 months to Messrs. Richardson & Fletcher, Chemical Xanure Manufacturers, Dublin. W. N. Hartley. Hugh Ramage. Ernest Clark. TV. E. ddeizeg. Jos. Xetltlrvp. Waterhouse, Robert, 101, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. Analytical Chemist. Articled five years to Alfred H. Allen, Esq., F.C.S., F.T.C., Sheffield. Attended lectures by W. C. Williams, Esq., B.Sc., Firth College, Sheffield, obtaining Chemistry Cei-tificatc. Eighteen months at the University of Jena, Germany, Lectures and Practical Chemistry by Dr. Knori- (who first prepared nntipyrine). Assistant to Messrs. Allen & Moor. Now practising as Waterhouse & Waper, Analysts, 101, Leadenhail Street, E.C.Alfred H. Allen. Otto Hehner. C. G. Moor. Arthur Colefas. Wallis Jeiikins. JG~.f.’i!y?ws. Wilson, Christopher, The Crnmmar School, Manchester. Laboratory Assistant and Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry. Assis-tant at -the University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge, from Jann-nry 16, 1873, to August 31, 1880. Assistant Lecturer in Chemistyy at the Beyer Chemical Laboratory, the Grammar School, Manchester, from September 1,3880, and now. Francis Jones. Alexander Scott. W. J. Sell. Charles T. Heycock. H. J. H. Fenton. William French. Wilson, Robert Hanbury, Washing Stocks Farm, Bromsgrove. Aiialytical and Aqricultural Chemist. Author of papers " On the Composition of tlie Fen Soils of South Lincolnshire " (Chenz. News, 70, 153) : "On Staffordshire Clay Ironstones " (fihenz.News, 70, 168), &c. At present time engaged in research work. Harold Follows. H. J. Mousley. ,4.13. GrifEths. Lionel Cooper. Ceo. A. Pingstone. Thomas A. Pooley. ?ViLlinm Crookes. James Dewar. E.Fmnklaml. Wilson, Alexander Poole, Naypole House, Knocklong, Co. Limerick. Chemical Analyst. For three years Student at University College, Liverpool; then Student Assistant under Dr. J. C. Brown for two years ; two years as Analyst to Messrs. Newton, Keates, & Co., St. Helens ; and for the last 18 months Analyst to Maypole Dairy Cornpany. J. Campbell Broww. Charles A. Kohn. W. Collingwood Williams. Herbert B. Stocks. S. G. Rawson. Wood,John Cundell, 3, Belford Terrace, Sunderland. Medical Officer of Health.Lic. Col. Surgeons; Lic. Col. Phy-sicians, L.M. Diploma in Public Health, Edinburgh. Fellow British Institute of Public Health. Yellow of Incorporated Society of Medical OfEcers of Health, &c. John C. Hewlett. Charles Ranken. C. T. Kingzett. 12. H. Harlaizd. Jas. Baynes. 210 Young, James, 4,Plumstead Common Road, Woolwicb. Instructor of Chemistry, R.M. Academy, Woolwich. Associate Royal College of Science, London. Formerly Roya.1 Exhibitioner and Royal Scholar R.C.Sc., Lond. Selected by Civil Service Com-mission for above appointment in 1889. Published a, note "On the L\ction of Dry Sulphur Dioxide on Dry Salts " with Dr. Hodgkin-son in B.A. ReForts, 1892, W. R. Eatoir Hodgkinson. T. F:. Thorpe. Percy F. Frankland. G.11.Liveing. Chapmail Jones, MARRLSON AND SONS, PICINTERS IN OEDINAIlY TO IlElL MAJISSTY 8T. JL\\BTIX'S LANE.

ISSN:0369-8718    

DOI:10.1039/PL8941000171

出版商:RSC    

年代:1894

数据来源: RSC