摘要:
Isssued 26/4/1901 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. ED7TBD BY THE SECRETARIES. VOl. 17. No. 236. April 1Sth, 1901. Professor ENERSON F.R.S., President,REYNOLDS, in the Chair. Messrs. B. F. Howard, L. Dobbin, W. H. Oates, and Maj.-Gen. Waterhouse were f ormally admitted Fellows of the Society. The following certificates were read for the first time:-Guy Ashwell, Standard Bank, Bulawayo ; Thomas Aspinall, 43, Gilnow Road, Bolton ; William George Aston, 4, Dalkeith Road, Ilford ; Edwin Sloper Beaver, 5, Bonham Terrace, Warminster ;Fred Bedford, 9, Market Place, Sleaford, Lincs. ; Arthur Crabtree, 9, Bigg Market, Newcastle-on-Tyne ; Daniel McLaren, Brookdale, Grey Street, Staly- bridge ; J.ohn Powell, Balliol House, Weutworth Street, E. ;John Davidson Spence, 2, Hawkhill Place, Perth Road, Dundee ; William Arthur Whitton, Bristol Brewery, Brighton.The following certificate was suthorised by the Council under bye- law I (3) : Joseph de Verteuil, Clarence Street, Port of Spain, Trinidad, 13.w.I. The following letter has been received from Prof. Msrkownikoff in reply to the letter of congratulation (p. 1) addressed to him by the Council : Moscow, 22nd March, 4th April.cDEARSIR, Some years ago I was highly honoured to be received into the list of Foreign Members of the most appreciated Chemical Society of 84 London, and am now deeply moved by the new sign of attention and the hearty congratulations of my dear colleagues, I beg you to convey to them that devotion to our science mill not leave me until the very laat.Your respectful obedient servant, W. MARKOWNIKOFP. Prof. MELDOLA, Foreign Secretaiy. EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. The PRESIDENTstated that, having received a requisition signed by a sufficient number of Fellows asking that an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Society be called to consider the change of the day and hour of meeting which the Council had decized upon for the ordinary meetings during the ensuing session, he had fixed Wednesday, May 15th, at 8 P.M. for this meeting. Of the following papers, those marked * were read : “55. “Action of alkyl haloids on aldoximes and ketoximes. Part 11. Alkylated oximes and isoximes and the constitution of aliphatic oximes.” By W.R. Dunstan and E. Goulding. In a previous paper (T~uns.,1897, 71, 573) the authors showed that the direct action of alkyl haloids on aldoximes and ketoximes results in the formation of alkyl nitrogen derivatives only, these being RHC--NH R,C-NH derivatives of the isoximes \/ and \/ . When the 0 0 alkyl haloid acts on the sodium derivatives of the oximes, that is, on the oximes in presence of sodium methoxide, these derivatives of the isoximes are formed, but together with the true ethers of the oximes, RHC:NOH and R,C:NOH. The alkyl isoximes are highly unstable, and have been studied chiefly as the compounds they form with sodium iodide. On hydrolysis they furnish the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, together with a P-substituted hydroxylamine. On reduction in the ordinary manner they are converted into the primary aruine of the substituted alkyl and the corresponding aldehyde or ketone.By careful reduction with sodium amalgam and acetic acid in alcoholic solution they are changed, by substitution of hydrogen for oxygen, into the correspond- ing secondary amines. This is a satisfactory method of preparing pure secondary amines. The alkyl ethers of the oximes are stable liquids. On hydrolysis 85 they furnish the aldehyde or ketone and an a-substituted hydroxyl- amine. Isomeric alkyl derivatives of acetaldoxime, acetoxime, and aceto- phenoxime were described, and also their hydrolytic and reduction products. The authors consider that their results support the view that the isoximido-form represents the ordinary structure of the aliphatic oximes, only alkyl nitrogen derivatives being obtained from them by the direct action of alkyl haloids, the hydroxylic structure in the formation of ethers being determined by the formation of the so-called “ salts ” with highly electro-positive metals.These salts are, how- ever, readily dissociated, so that by acting on them, in alcoholic solution, with the alkyl haloid some alkyl isoxime is always formed from the free oxime present. “56. ‘‘The supposed existence of two isomeric triethyloxamines.” By W.R. Dunstan and E. Goulding. The triethyloxamine, (C,H,),NO), obtained by the authors (Trans., 1899, 75,792, and Pram., 1900, ’77,1006) was shown to possess pro- perties which differ from those of the compound described by Bemad, to which he assigned the same constitution, This difference has been since investigated and confirmed by Lachman (Ber., 1900, 33, lO22), who, however, was unable to offer any explanation of it.The question is now settled by the observation that the compound described by Bewad is in reality P-ethyl-sec-butylhydroxylamine, as Bewad himself has shown (Joum.Russ. Phys. Chem., 1900, 32, 455). The triethyl- oxamine obtained by the authors is at present, therefore, the only kiiown compound having this constitution. *57. Nitrocamphene, aminocamphene, and hydroxycamphene.” By M. 0. Forster, CH1-Nitrocumphene, C,H,,<l IC-NO,,prepared by heating an alcoholic solution of 1 : 1-bromonitrocarnphane with silver nitrat,e, crystallises from alcohol in long, hard, striated prisms and melts at 56’; it has [a],= + 112.0’ in alcohol, and + 137.5” in benzene. 2 : 1-Bromo-CHBrnitrocamphane, C8Hl4< I obtained when nitrocamphene isCH*NO,’ treated with hydrobromic acid, crystalliees from alcohol and melts at CHBr17S0.1 :2-Dibromo-1-nitrocumphccne, C,H,,<&,+ NO, , produced by the action of bromine on nitrocamphene, crystallises in long, flat, 86 transparent needles and melts at 195". 2 : 1-Iodonityocamphane, CPl*<bH .NO,' prepared from nitrocamphene and hydriodic acid, crystallises in thin, lustrous plates and melts at 118'. CH I1-Aminocamphene, C,H,,<I C*NH2' formed on reducing nitrocam-phene with zinc dust and glacial acetic acid, melts at 46", and boils at 191-192' under 758 mm.pressure ;it has [aID= +59.7' in alcohol, The sulphate, picrate, platinic?doride, and the benxoyl, 6enzylidene, and phenylcarbamide derivatives are well-defined. CH1-Hydroxycamphene, C,H,,<8,0H, obtained on heating amino-camphene sulphate with potassium nitrite, crystallises in long needles, melts at 74' and boils at 212' under 750 mm. pressure; it has [a],= + 34.1' in absolute alcohol. Hydroxycamphene is indifferent towards alkalis, but warm dilute mineral acids transform it immedi-ately into ordinary camphor. "58. A contribution to the chemistry of the triazoles." By G.Young and W. H.Oates. The authors discuss the possibility of isomerism in the triazole series as compared with the pyrazoles.The following compounds have been obtained : Benzal-2 -methylsemicarbaxone, C,H,*CH:N N(CH,) COONH,, m. p. N*TCH,159-1 60' ; 3-p?~enyl-l-methylhydroxytriaxole,C,H,*CeN: COH m. p. 218-21 9O ; ucetyl derivative, m. p. 72.5 --73", silver derivative, C,H,ON,Ag ;3-phenpltriaxole, m. p. 118*5-119' ; cinnarnul-Z-methyl-semicarbaxone, m. p. 155' ; styl.enylmet~~yl~Lydroxytriaxole,rn. p. 204-205° ; silver derivative, C,,H,,ON,Ag ; ncetyl deriva-tive, m. p. 88-89' ; m-nitrobenxaZmethylsemicc6rbaxone, m. p. 207-208' ; w-nityop?~enylmethylhydi.oxptriaxole,m. p. 285-285.5' ; silver derivative, C,H70,N,A.g ; benzoy~-~-n~ethy~th~osem~cccl.bcczide, C,H,*CO*NH*N:C(SH)*NHCH3,m. p.198' ;2-phenyl-l-methyltriccxole, N*N:CHC,H,*C< kCH, m. p. 112-113' ; 2-phenyl-1-methylmer-9 ccc;~totriazole,m. p. 163-1 64'. Methylsemicarbazide, formed by the action of potassium cyanate on methylhydrazine sulphate, has the methyl group in position (Z), NH,*N(CH3)*CO*NH2,and not in position (l), CH,NH*NH*CO*NH,(compare Briining, Ann., 1889, 253, 11), DISCUSSION. Dr. SILBERRADpointed out that Knorr’s theory affords a better ex- planabion than that given by the author of facts such as that illus- trated by the identity of the triazoles represented by the formulae NH*gH,a phenomenon to which attention N-N was drawn on the conversion of dihydrotetrazine into the triazole represented above (Hantsch and Silberrad, Bey., 1900, 33,89).In reply, Dr. YOUNGsaid that the identity of Freund’s triazole with that prepared from tetrazine was in agreement with the view put forward in the paper as to the “amidine ” nature of the triazole ring. 59. “Researches on moorland waters. Part 11. On the origin of the combined chlorine.” By W. Ackroyd. The object of the investigation has been to discover the origin of the common salt in the water of the Widdop reservoir in Yorkshire, about midway between the two seas, this water being continually removed and as continually replenished from a saltless area of Millstone Grit and Yoredale rocks. The chlorine in the winter rainfall more than accounts for it, and the conclusions arrived at are (1) that the com-bined chlorine in the reservoir water is wholly derived from rain water ; (2) that the quantity of chlorine in the reservoir, whose capa- city is 640; million gallons, closely approximates to a yearly average of 1.188 parts per 100,000, and (3) that in winter the chlorine in the rainfall is in excess of the average for other seasons of the year.60. ‘‘Robinin, violaquercitrin, and osyritrin.” By A. G.Perkin. Robinin, isolated from the flowers of Robiniu pseuducucia by Zwenger and Dronke (Ann. Sup. I, 1861, 257) was considered by them as a glucoside of quercetin. The formula C,,H,,020,8H20 is now assigned to the air-dried substance, and its decomposition with dilute mineral acids may be thus represented, C,,H,,O,, + 4H20= Cl,HloO, + 3C6H1,0,. The colouwhg vnncctter, C15H100S,melts at 271-272”, yields a sulphute, C,,H1,O,,H,SO,, and a tets.acelyZ de-rivative, C,5H6<~6(C2H,0),.On decomposition with alkali, phloro- glucinol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid are formed.It is identical with kamphed, which is present as its monomethyl ether, kampheride, in galanga root (AZpinia oflcinarum) (Gordin, Dissert., Berne), and 88 as glucoside in DeZphinium consolidu (Proc., 1900, 16, 182). The sugar gave a mixed osazone, from which dextrosazone (m. p. 204-205') and a more soluble compound, m. p. 190-196' (possibly the galactose derivative), were isolated. Osyritrin, the quercetin glucoside of Osyris compressa (Trans., 1597, 71, 11311, has at 130' the formula 2C27H28016,H20,and not C27H30017, as previously stated.Air dried, it contains 3H20, and is anhydrous at 160'. Violaquercitrin (Mandelin, Jahres., 1883, 1369), present in the YioZu tricolor, has at 160' the formula C27H28016,and not C42H42024 (=C27H26015)there given. Air dried, it contains 3H20, and is identical with osyritrin. 61. Preparation of orthodimethoxybenzoin, and a new method of preparing salicylaldehyde methyl ether." By J. C. Irvine, B.Sc. The author described a new and rapid method of obtaining salicylalde- hyde methyl ether. A mixture of salicylaldehyde and methyl iodide re- acts energetically with dry silver oxide, giving a brown oil, from which a 90 per cent. yield of the pure product is obtained on distillation. The product (b. p. 236-238') readily solidifies to a crystalline mass melting at 39-40'.On boiling with potassium cyanide in alcoholic solution, this substance may be condensed to o-dimethoxybenzoin, a yellow, crystalline solid melting at 101.5'. A notable reaction of this benzoin is its quantitative conversion into the corresponding methyl ether by the action of silver oxide and methyl iodide. This substance crystal- lises from ether in prisms melting at 59-60', 62. ('Action of hydroxylamine on the anhydrides of bromonitrocam-phane." By M. 0. Forster. The compound C1,H,702N213r,obtained by the action of hydroxyl-amine on the anhydrides of 1:1-bromonitrocamphsne, crystaliises from alcohol in rectangular plates and melts at 197'; it reduces ferric chloride and am moni acal silver nitrate.The lydyocldokie, sdphate, piwate, platinicldoride, and the caybanaide 2nd benxoyl derivatives are well-defined. When nitrous acid acts on the substance, the anhydride me1 ting at 240' is regenerated, and potassium permanganate oxidises it to the compound C,,H,,O,NBr. The compound C,,H,,02N2, produced by the action of aqueous sodium hydroxide on the foregoing hydroxylamino-derivative, crystal-lises in rhomboidal plates and melts at 208'; the picrate and platini-chloride are well-defined, 89 63. “On the estimation of cocaine and on di-iodo-cocaine hydr- iodide.” By W. Garsed and J. N. Collie, F.R.S. The object of this research was to find a method for the fairly accurate estindation of cocaine in small quantity. The estimation of cocaine in presence of cinnamyl cocaine and isatropyl cocaine, and other substances, with which it is associated in coca leaves has not been attempted, the method only dealing with the estimation of cocaine when free or mixed with benzoyl ecgonine and ecgonine, the products of hydrolysis of pure cocaine.When a solution of cocaine in the form of a salt containing about 1 per cent. of cocaine base is titrated by adding excess of decinormal iodine solution till the supernatant liquid contains excess of iodine, a precipitate of di-iodo- cocaine hydriodide, C,7H2,N0,HI12,is formed. The excess of iodine in solution can then be estimated by a decinormal sodium thiosulphate solution. The precipitated di-iodo-compound can be collected and weighed, or the cocaine estimated by the amount of iodine used.Any cocaine salt can be used since the potassium iodide in the solution reacts with the salt, producing the iodide, Di-iodo-cocaine hydriodide is a remarkably stable and crystalline compound, crystallising in large, glistening crystals of constant composition. Cocaine can be-estimated in presence of ecgonine, as ecgonine forms a soluble iodo-compound. Benzoyl ecgonine, however, interferes to a considerable extent with the estimation of cocaine. Makiug use of the fact that both benzoyl ecgonine and ecgonine are insoluble in ether or light petroleum, a separa- tion can be effected, as cocaine is soluble in both these solvents, The extracted cocaine can then be weighed directly or titrated with iodine.64. (( Note on acetonylacetone.” By T. Gray. The density (0.973) and refractive index (1.4232) of acetonyl-acetone, purified by conversion into the bisulphite compound, C,€I,,0,,2NaHSO, + H,O, and regeneration therefrom, mere deter-mined, and the molecular refraction aD=29.85 found to agree with the value required by the (6 keto ”-formula. Attention was directed to the readiness with which acetonylacetone is resinified by alkalis, by concentrated sulphuric acid and by gaseous hydrochloric acid. 65. ‘‘ Condensation of acetonylacetone with hydrazine hydrate.” By T. Gray. The products of the interaction of acetonylacetone and hydrazine hydrate were described. Condensation in molecular proportions results in the formation of a base, C12H20N4,b.p. 157-158O at 13 mm. which readily oxidises in air ; it forms a hydrochloride, C,,Hz,N,,2HCI, and a chloroplatinate, C,,Hz,N,,H,PtCIG. The pro- duct of the reaction of the ketone with excess of hydrazine hydrate is a white, crystalline substance having the formula C,,H,,NG, m. p. 130-1 3ZQ. The substance gradually undergoes decomposition at the ordinary temperature, is a powerful reducing agent, and is readily decomposed by dilute acids with formation of hydrazine salts. 66. ‘‘Preparation of synthetical glucosides.” By H.Ryan,M.A.,D.Sc., and W,S. Mills, M.A. Acetochlorogaluctose was obtained as a faint yellow, semi-solid syrup slowly soluble in cold alcohol, hot ligroin, ether and chloroform, scarcely soluble in cold ligroin, by the action of acetyl chloride on well-dried galactose in a dry, cooled, sealed tube.It was extracted with chloroform, washed with ice water and cold sodium carbonate solution ; the chloroform solution, dried with calcium chloride and evaporated in a vacuum, left acetochlorogalactose. By the action of a-naphthol and potassium hydroxide on acetochloro-galactose in alcoholic solution, a-nuphtizylgaluctoside (C,H,,0,*O*C,,H7) was obtained as rectangular plates soluble in hot alcohol and hot water, slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene and ethyl acetate. It reduces Fehling’s solution after inversion by hot dilute sulphuric acid. The galactoside does not dis- solve in dilute potash, and melts at 202-203’.m-Cq*esyZgZucosidewas obtained from acetochloroglucose and m-cresol in alkaline solution as long, silky, branching needles, scarcely soluble in benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and carbon bisulphide, soluble in cold water and alcohol, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. It reduces Fehling’s solution only after hydrolysis by dilute sulphuric acid, m. p. 167*5-168-5°. The carvacryl gluc oside already prepared from acetochloroglucose was obtained from carvacrol potash and acetobromoglucose prepared by the method of Konigs. 91 67, (( The infiuence of cane sugar on the conductivities of solu-tions of potassium chloride, hydrogen chloride, and potassium hydroxide ; with evidence of salt formation in the last case ’’ By C.J. Martin and 0. Masson. Sugar-solution is generally considered to be a non-electrolyte, but in view of the fact that saccharates exist, it may more probably be viewed as a very slightly ionised acid. To test this point, the con-ductivities of solutions of hydrogen chloride and of potassium chloride containing varying amounts of sugar were determined, and it was found that the conductivit,y did not appreciably differ from that of aqueous solutions of these compounds, except in so far as the viscosity of the sugar solution had to be allowed for. On the other hand, when sodium hydroxide was added to sugar solutions of different strengths, it was obvious that the sugar took part in the conduction, and this is attri- butable to the formation of sodium saccharate, which, like other salts, is largely ionised in dilute solution, The conductivity, even in this last case, was of course influenced by the viscosity of the sugar solu- tion, but even after allowing for this, the proof of ionisation was un- mistakable.68. ‘(The aluminium-mercury couple. Part 111. Chlorination of aromatic hydrocarbons in presence of the couple. The consti- tution of the dichlorotoluenes,” By J. B. Cohen and K.D. Dakin. The authors have continued their investigation on the action of the aluminium-mercury couple as a halogen carrier in the preparation of the chlorine derivatives of the aromatic hydrocarbons. They have obtained in this way a series of chlorobenzenes from mono- to hexa-chloro- benzene as well as mono-, di-, and tri-chlorotoluenes.Their work was, however, chiefly devoted to the identification of the dichlorotol uenes formed by this process, a subject which has been under investigation since 1866, with very conflicting results, Ey careful fractional crys- tallisation of the following solid derivatives of the mixed dichloro- toluenes, nitro-, dinitro-, sulphonic acids and salts, sulphonic chlorides and amides, and the dichlorobenzoic acids obtained by oxidation, and by a comparison of these with the same derivatives of the six isomeric dichlorotoluenes which they have prepared in a pure state, the authors have now proved that four, namely, (CH,= l), 1:2 :3, 1 :2 :4, 1 :2 :67 and 1 :3 :4 and very probably 1 :2 :5 dichlorotoluenes are formed in this reaction.The authors propose to investigate the dibromotoluenes in the same manner, as no very satisfactory evidence has been given of the nature of the mixture formed by brominating toluene. 92 69. A modification of Gutzeit’s test for arsenic.” By E.Dowzard. An apparatus to free the gas from hydrogen sulphide, &c., by washing was described along with a series of experiments, which shorn that lead acetate solution only absorbs hydrogen sulphide, whilst a 15 per cent. solution of cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid absorbs hydrogen sulphide, stibine, and phosphine, but has no effect on arsine. 70. ‘I On the chemistry of Nerium odorurn.’” By R. C. L.Bose, M.B. In his investigations on the poisonous constituents of Nes-iumodorurn, the sweet-scented oleander, two methods of analysis of the roots were employed by the author, namely, that adopted by Greenish (PharmJourn., 1881, [iii],ll, 873), with certain modifications, and the method of plant analysis of Dragendorff.A third active constituent, besides the two already discovered in the root by Greenish, neriodorein and neriodorin, has thus been discovered, and named kccrctbin, from karabi, the Bengali name of the plant. The root gave the following percentages of the different extracts by Dragendorff’s method : light petroleum extract, 2.88 ;ether extract, 1.38; absolute alcoholic extract, 3-40; aqueous extract, 5.81 per cent. The ether extract was found to contain the karabin.This extract was partly soluble in absolute alcohol, giving a clear yellow solution, and on being evaporated to dryness left a brownish-yellow, sticky residue, karubin, which on analysis gave numbers corresponding to the formula C,,H,,O,. The alcoholic extract contained a substance identified as the neriodorin, and the aqueous extract contained the neriodorein. Neriodorein is readily soluble in water, neriodorin in boiling water only, while karubin is insoluble bot,h in cold and boiling water. Nerio-dorein and neriodorin are insoluble in ether and benzene, but karabin dissolves readily in both. The colour reactions with concentrated sul- phuric acid are also distinctive, The author was also able to separate karabin by employing the follow- ing modification of Greenish’s plan of analysis.The acidified aqueous solution of the alcoholic extract of the root was first shaken up with light petroleum, which removed a quantity of a viscid, yellowish, oily substance. After the separation from the light petroleum, the solution was next agitated with ether insteccd of chloroform. The ethereal solution on evaporation left a brownish-yellow residue which gave all the reactions of karabin. The acidified fluid was next agitated with chloroform, which caused the separation of some oily looking globules which floated between the two layers of fluids; these were separated, washed, and evaporated to dryness ;the residue gave all the reactions of neriodorein. The chloroform solution was then separ- ated, and on evaporation left a golden-yellow brittle residue which satisfied all the tests for neriodorin. The author considers that neriodorin is a variety of saponin.Nerio -dorein is very readily soluble in water, forming a pale yellow solution of neutral reaction which froths considerably on agitation. It has the acrid taste of saponin, and satisfied most of the tests for this widely distributed substance. It also closely resembles, in its behaviour with certain reagents, the variety of saponin described by the author and Warden (Phaym. Journ., 1882, [iii J, 12, 302). The author believes that both neriodorin and karabin are not gluco- sides but possess the characters of a resin ;neither contains nitrogen. 71. ‘I Change and interaction in organic compounds.” By A.Lapworth. The apparently very general law to which the author has recently endeavoured to draw attention (this vol., p. 2) receives a very simple explanation if it be supposed that isomeric change is due to dissociation and that the dissociation between two atoms which leads to change in organic compounds exists, in general, only once in the molecule at any instant. Such a view leads to the ay-and up-rules, whether the labile group in an isomeric change never leaves the molecule as pre- viously suggested (Trans., 1898.73, 448),or whether ionisation occurs, for the above law holds true for weak electrolytes. In the author’s opinion, therefore, the cause of change in general in organic compounds is probably to be sought for in a dissociation resembhg ionisation, doubtless often in very small amount, a view arrived at indepen- dently of Euler (Ber., 1900, 33,3202), and Zengelis (Bey., 1901, 34, 19Sj, who use a similar assumption in order to explain the phenomena of hydrolysis and etherification.The influence of a catalytic agent might be of very varying character and can only be properly discussed in reference to particular cases. It may not, only increase the velocity of change by raising the concentra- tion of ions representing a labile group in isomeric change, or remove certain ions from the sphere of action by converting them into un-dissociated compounds, a suggestion which has been made by Euler and Zengelis, but, what is of equal importance, it may convert a molecule into an individual possessing the properties of a dissociated group or ion by supplying simpler groups with which it may unite, a process analogous to the formation of a complex ion by union of a simple ion 94 with a neutral component (compare Abegg and Badlander, Zeit.anorg.CILenz., 1899, 20, 453). It is to be observed that a molecule may also become a dissociated group by union with a dissociated part of a substance directly con-cerned in an interaction. The atom from which a group has been removed will, of course, have an apparent valency of one unit less than that which it has in an undissociated compound; such an atom may be said to be ‘(subvalent,’’ or to represent a position of ‘(subvcdency.” Whilst the atoms within a dissociated group will not change their relative positions in any way, the position of “subvalency ” may conceivably be altered by a slight readjustment of the mutually attractive forces between the atoms ;the removal of a group from one already dissociated does not mean a double dissociation, but the transference of the subvalency (and charge) to that group, and is analogous to the conversion of a com- plex ion into a simple ion and a neutral component.Perhaps, there- fore, the above law should be stated-Aro altemtion of the ~eZc6tive positions of the atoms in a dissociated group can tnke place, uncl as a rule ody one position of subvalency exists in such a group at any instant, in othw woi-ds, it is usually subvalent.By means of the conception, the following rule may be deduced for some cases of interaction. If, during a reaction, a group MI might be expected to become associated, even momentarily, with an atom R, in the complex, *R,*R,:R,, then the product may contain, not only sub- stances with the grouping R,M*R :R , but also, and sometimes exclu- y.sively, those with the grouping, R,.R,*R,M, or their tautomeric forms. This rule at once gives some reason for the simultaneous formation of ortho-and para-derivatives when substitution occurs in a benzene mono-derivative, and for the similar but more complicated phenomena in the naphthalene series. Certain equations of considerable interest and importance may also be deduced. For example, if X*Y+ A :B =AX*BY is a possible reaction, then, expanding in terms of the rule, we obtain the following possibilities : at once recognisable as, the form to which so much importance has been attached by Thiele.X*Y,*Y,:Y,+A:B=AX*BY,.Y,:Y, . . . . . . . . (S) a form which is not translatable in terms of Thiele’s rule. It is probably the basis of the Claisen reaction, the reactions between aldehydes and phenols, or the alkali salts of isonitro-compounds, and the change which occurswhen o-acetylacetoacetic ester is converted into diacetylacetic ester by a trace of alkali. Expanding both B and Y, we obtain the form X*P,*Y,q:Y,,+A:B,*BB:By=AX*B,:B~*By*Y,*Y,q:Y,. . . (T) which finds examples in the interactions of ethyl sodio-acetoacetate, malonate, cyanacetate, &c.(iso-forms), or up-unsaturated esters and ketones. In the above examples, X=K or Na, and Y,=O. 72. ‘‘ The mechanism of the Claisen reaction.” By A. Lapworth. The author takes the following view of this reaction in its simplest form : (1) A sodium ion unites with the carbonyl group of the ketone or ester to form a subvalent group which then loses a hydrogen ion, %a + O:CR1*CH2R2-Na-O*~R1*CH2R~-Na*O*CR1:CHR2The+ H. apparently direct replacement of a hydrogen atom in many esters, ketones, or even hydrocarbons (Thiele, Be?..,1901,34,68) is probably to be ascribed to the same cause; the reaction with hydrocarbons may be re- presented,K + CR2:CR*CHR,+CR2K*6R*CHR2-CR2K*CR:CR,+ I?, or, another possible type, CHRZCR, + K-CHRK*S1R2-CRK:CR2 +H.(2) The metallic derivative then dissociates, part reacting with a sub-valent group-produced by union of a sodium ion with ethyl oxalate, formate, &.-as roughly represented by equation S (see preceding ab-stract). Na*O*CR1:CHR2 + CRS(0Et):O -+ [6*CR1:CHR2 + bR3(0Et)*ONa]--O:CR1*CHR2*CPc3(0Et)*Na0O:CRl*CRZ:CR3*ONa + HOEt. In the case of ethyl crotonate (Proc., 1900, 16, 132) the ay-rule 1 must be applied a stage farther, Na*O*C(OEt):CH*CH:CH,+ 2 2 1 O:C( OEt) *C02Et = Na-0*C(OEt)(C02Et)*CH2*CH :CH * C(OEt):O = Na*O*C(C02Et):CH*CH:CH*C02Et+ HOEt. Exactly similar changes may be supposed to go on in the case of o-nitrotoluene, but here the nitro-group takes the place of the carbonyl group in the above cases, In p-nibrotoluene a further extension of the ay-rule is involved.The action of hydrogen chloride in promoting the condensation of aldehydes with ketones, phenols, &c., may be ascribed to a similar series of changes, the hydrogen ions acting perhaps in this may : (1) H + 0:C( CH,)*CH3-+H*O* b(CH,) CH,-I€* 0 C(CH,):CH2+ H. (2) H + O:CHPh-H*O*eHPh. (3) bC(CH,):C€T2+ 6H(0H)Ph -0: CMe*CH,*CH(OH)Ph-+ O:CMe*CH:CHPh + HOH. Further experiments on diethyl oxalocrofonat,e (Proc., 1900,16,132) have strengthened the belief that it is the 7-oxalo-derivative ;it has the normal molecular weight in acetic acid. y Oxcclocvotonic acid, CO,H* C‘(OH):CH* CH:CH* CO,H, is a strong acid which is sparingly soluble in the ordinary organic media.It melts and decomposes at about 190°, being converted into a-pyrone- a’-carboxylic acid. Its aqueous solution gives an intense black colour with ferric chloride which is not discharged by a large excess of hydro- chloric acid, Preliminary experiments on other up-unsaturated esters and ketones indicate that the following substances yield acidic compounds resemb- ling ethyl oxalocrotonate : ethyl dimethylacrylate, ethyl P-chloro- crotonate, phorone, camphorone and benzylidenemesityl oxide. The products, which have as yet been obtained only as oils, give intense black colorations with ferric chloride ;they are still under examination. Ethyl o-methylacrylate, which does not contain the requisite gioup- ing, gives no product of a similar kind, indicating that it is not the ..mere presence of the group *CH,*C:C which is necessary. 73. IL A new series of di-mercuri-ammoniumsalts. Part I.” By P. C. Riiy, D.Sc. When a solution of mercuric nitrite is treated with ammonia in slight excess, a di-mercuri-ammonium nitrite of the formula 2NHg2N02,H,0 is formed; if this compound be dissolved in bydro- chloric acid and the solution evaporated nearly to dryness, a white crystalline salt of the formula NHg2C1,4HC1 is obtained. Hydro-bromic acid also yields the corresponding double bromide NHg2Br,4HBr. Both haloid salts dissolve in water and if the solutions be cautiously treated in the cold with dilute potassium hydroxide, the chloride and bromide, 2NHg,C1,H20 and 2NHg,Br,H,O, are formed respectively. At the next meeting, on Thursday, May 2nd, there will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following paper will be communi-cated :-u The synthetical formation of bridged-rings.Part I. Some deriva- tives of bicyclopentane.” By W. H. Perkin, jun., and J. F. Thorpe. 97 CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. The following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on Thursday, May 2, 1901. N.B.-The names of those who sign from “General Knowledge ” are printed in italics. Anderson, William Carrick, 2, Florentine Gardens, Hillhead, Glasgo w. Assistant to Pmfessor of Chemistry and Lecturer on Chemistry, Glasgow University.Bachelor of Science, 1894 (Glasgow University). Master of Arts (with Honours in Natural Science), 1893. Doctor of Science (Glasg.), 1899. Papers : Method of Determining Sp. Gravity of Coke” (J. SOC.Chem. Ind., 1896); “A Contribution to the Chemistry of Coal ” (Phil. Xoc. of Glccsgow, 1897) ;‘‘ Some Chemical Properties of Scotch Coal” (J. SOC.Chem. Imd., 1899); “ANew Form of Potash Bulb ” (ibid., 1899) ; ‘‘ The Estimation of Iodine in Presence of Cyanides ” (ibid., lS99) ; ‘‘The Chemistry of Coke ” (Glasgow : Wm. Hodge & Co., 1899), Simmersbach & Anderson ; “ The Recovery of Nitrogen in Coal Distillation ” (J.Soc. Chem. Ind., 1899) ; “The Oxidation of Ammonia by Iron Ore ” (;bid., 1900). John Ferguson. Matthew A. Parker. G. G. Henderson.James Robson. Thomas Gray. James Roberts. Blake, George Stanfleld, Purley Lodge, Purley, near Croydon. Analytical Chemist. Assistant in the Imperial Institute Labora- tories. Associate of the Royal School of Mines in Metallurgy. Two years chemist to the Royal Mines of Elba; 18 months chemist with Edward Riley, 2, City Road, E.C. Wyndham R. Dunstan. I€.H. Robinson. R. L. Jenks. Ernest Goulding. Thomas Anderson Henry. Bolton, Edward Richards, 7, Leazes Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Managing chemist at Messrs. Trobridge and Co.’s Works, Gateshead- on-Tyne. Studied various branches of Chemistry for the past seven years, both in England and Germany-at King’s College, London, and under Prof. Fresenius, also with others in both countries.Am de-sirous of becoming a member of the Society that I may more closely follow such branches of Science as would aid me in directing my manufactures. John M. Thomson. Patrick H. Kirkaldy. Herbert Jackson. J. A. Voelcker. Charles J. S. Makin. Bousfield, Edward George Paul, St. Smithin, Hendon. Student. Some time at Castner-Kellner Works engaged in Elec-tricity and Chemistry. At present doing research work at Central Technical College, &c. Henry E. Armstrong. Edward W. Lewis. Gerald T. Moody. William A. Lethbridge. T. M. Lowry. Burgess, Percival James, Singapore. M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Government Analyst to the Straits Settlements, Formerly Assistant Demonstrator in the University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge.G.D. Liveing. H. J. H. Fenton. W. J. Sell. W. T. N. Spivey. F. W. Dootson. Carter, William, 7, Victoria Street, Clitheroe. Research Assistant in Organic Chemistry at Elackburn Technical School. Student, Blackburn Technical School, 1895-1 897. Student, Royal College Science, 1898-1899, and Owens College, 1899-1900. Now Private Research Assistant to Dr. R. H. Pickard, Blackburn Technical School. Joint author with Dr. Lawrence of papers on ‘I The Hydroxyphenoxy- and Phenylene-di-oxy-acetic acids and de-rivatives of Ethyl a-methyl-P-phenyl cyan-glutarate.” H. B. Dixon. W. H. Perkin, jun. Wm. A. Bone. J. F. Thorpe. W. T. Lawrence. Robert H. Pickard. 99 Clark, Ernest, 9, Polygon Avenue, Stock port Road, Manchester.Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry at the Royal Technical Institute, Salford. Student for 4 years at University College, Sheffield; for 1. year at the Owens College, Manchester. Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry for 2 years at Eoyal Technical Institute, Salford. Pub-lished two papers (with Dr. G. Young) on ‘(Naphthyl Carbamides,” and “Action of Ammonia and Substituted Ammonias on Acetyl Urethane.’’ B.Sc., London. Late 1851 Exhibition Scholar. W. Carleton Williams. W. H. Perkin, jun. George Young. Jas. R. Appleyard. William H. Oates. Ewaest Withccnz. Cockburn,Thomas Kennedy, 26, Elm Street, Whiteinch, Glasgow. Analytical Chemist. Student in the Laboratory of Messrs. Tatlock & Thompson, Glasgow. Chemist to the Glasqow Portland Cement Company, Ltd.Assistant Chemist to the Millom and Askarn Hzmatite Iron Company, Ltd. Assistant to F. W. Harris, F.C.S., Glasgow Corporation Chemist. R. R. Tatlock. R. T. Thomson. Jas. D. Dougall. F. W. Harris. Howtio Ualla?%tpe. Coddington, Eustace, 131, St. James’s Road, Upper Tooting, London, S.W. Science Master, King Henry VIII. School, Coventry. Open Scholarship for Natural Science at Downing College, Cambridge. Natural Science Tripos, Part I,, 1899, Second Class B.A. W. J. Sell. W. T. N. Spivey. Henry Jackson. H. 0. Jones. Matthew Whittam. Crocker, Walter Stevens, 25, Upper Parliament Street, Liverpool. Chemist and Under-Brewer, Mersey Brewery, Liverpool. Student at the Royal College of Science, London, 1889-1892, taking the Associateship in Chemistry under Dr.Thorpe, F.R.S. Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry and Physics, Hartley College, Southampton, 1892-4 ; Assistant to the Southampton Borough Analyst, 1895. Lecturer in Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, North-croft, Bath, 1896-8. Science Master (Chem. and Phys.), Grammar 100 School, Gillingham, Dorset, 1898-1 900. Appointed as above, December, 1900. T. E. Thorpe. W. Palmer Wynne. Leonard Temple Thorne. F. J. M. Pccge. H. Rrei*eton Uccker. Dakin, Henry Drysdale, 9, Beech Grove Terrace, Leeds. Student at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. Over four years with Leeds City and County Analyst ; three years Student at the York-shire College. Published paper with Dr. Cohen on the “Bromination of Aromatic Compounds” (Trans., 75, 893); also papers on the “Estimation of Zinc ” (Zeitsci‘wift.f. anal. Chenz., 39, 273) and of “ Manganese and Cobalt ” (ihid., 784). Arthur Smithells. H. M. Dawson. Julius B. Cohen. B. A. Burrell. Thomas Fairley. Dubois, Raymond, Rutherglen, Victoria. Principal of Viticultural and mnological College. B.Sc. (Paris). Diplom6, Ecole d’Agriculture de Montpellier. Commissioned by the French Government to study and report on the date palm industry in the Oued Rhir from a scientific and commercial point of view. Published report on date palm industry. Translation of (‘L’Industrie viticole meridionale,” by L. Roos ; translation of (‘Guide ampelographique,” by 11. Mazade; translation of “Traitement des Vins et leurs Maladies,” by Malvezin.Compilations : ‘‘Trenching and Subsoiling for American Vines,” “Sterilisation of Wines,” ‘( Herbaceous Grafting,” ‘‘The Composition of Natural Wines,” a paper read before the Austr. Assoc. for the advancement of science. Delivered many public lectures on diseases of wines, came in wines, chemistry of wines generally, kc., &c. 0. R. Blackett. H. W. Potts. A. W. Craig. Ornze Xccsson . Henry C. Jenkiizs. Duckworth, William Henry, 87, New Bank Koad, Blackburn. Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry, Blackburn Municipal Technical School. Also Assistant to Dr. R. H. Pickard. Consulting Chemist and Gas Examiner to the Corporation of Black burn. Robert H. Pickard. W.E. Bickerdike. T. Slater Price. W. B. Hards. C. Gerland. 101 Dunstan, Albert Ernest, 24, Lidfield Road, Stoke Newington, N. A Science Master at Owen’s School, Islington. B.Sc. London (Hon.’s Chem. Inter, Sci.). I am desirous of keeping in touch with recent chemical work. William A. Tilden. G. T. Morgan. W. Palmer Wynne. James C. Philip. M. 0. Forster. Chaprnan Jones. Eastick, Samuel Philip, 25, Woodville Road, Ealing. Chemist and Engineer. Studied as Government Teacher four years at Royal School of Mines and Normal School of Science under Pro- fessors Frankland, Huxley, Guthrie, Judd, and others; passed 1st or 2nd class in all subjects. Hold teachers certificates in almost every science under the S. and A. Dept. Studied technical chemistry two years under Prof. Lunge at Zurich.Held appointments as chemist for about six years at Beckton Gas Co., Forbes Abbott and Lennard MacDougal Bros., and Kellner Partington Pulp Co., Ltd. About eight years’ experience in foreign countries as Chemical Engineer, &c. L. J. de Whalley. Chas. E. Eastick. B. E. R. Newlands. Artlmv R.Ling. Theo. I_). Lichtenstein. John Heron. Ellis, Hugh Edward, 18, Belmont Road, Aberdeen. Teacher of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Robert Gordon’s 001-!ege, Aberdeen (for the past two and half years) ; late Demonstrator in Chemistry, Northern College of Pharmacy, Manchester ; formerly student of Chemistry at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, the Northern College of Pharmacy, &c.; Pharmaceutical Chemist and Member of the Pharmaceutical Society. Herbert McLeod. J. F. Tocher. George Clayton. H. Lloyd Snape. F. R. Japp. Eyre, John Vargas, 26, Bridge Road West, Battersea Park, S.W. Junior Demonstrator in Chemical Laboratory, and Research Assis-tant to Professor Meldola, P.R.S., at Finsbury Technical College. R. itfeldoln. Edward W. Lewis. F. Sautherden. Chas. R. Darling. Gerald T. Moody. William A. Lethbridge. 102 Hanley, John, A.I.G., 4,Guion Road, Litherland, Liverpool. Analyst, now in the employ of J. Bibby and Sons, Liverpool. Tbree years Technical Chemist to Bancroft and Co., Limited, Liverpool (oils, fats, soap). Three yeam Student, University College, Liverpool. Five years working out original processes in a private laboratory.Six months Bacteriology, University College, Liverpool. Two years Senior Chemist with J. Bibby and Sons, Liverpool, establishing above process in oils, fats, soaps, glycerine, stearine, oleine, feeding cake, &c. T. If. Lloyd. H. B. Stocks. J. Campbell Brown. Joseph T. Freestone. George ‘rate. Harrison, John Ansted, 47, London Road, Neath, Glamorganshire. Science Master, the County School, Neath. B.Sc. (Lond.) First Division. Honours in Chemistry and Geology. Associate of the Royal College of Science (Lond.) in the Division of Chemistry. Science Student at Mason College (2 years), and the Royal College of Science (3 years). Author of “ First Steps in Earth-knowledge.” William A. Tilden.W. H. Deering. W. Palmer Wynne. T.H. Dodd. Lionel M. Jones. Oliver Trigger. Henley, Francis Robert, Watford, Rugby. B.A., Oxford (Honours in Chemistry). Engaged in Study of Chemistry of Brewing. D. H. Nagel. H. B. Hartley. A. F. Walden. A. Vernon Harcourt. S. A. Ionides. Higgs, Henry Herbert, 26, Anglesey St., Lozells, Birmingbam. Schoolmaster. B.Sc. (Lond.). Five years Assistant Schoolmaster (Science) at King Edward’s School, Aston, Birmingham. T. Francis Rutter. E.J. cox. William Round. C. F. Baker. Albert H. Turton. Perq F. Frankland. Hyder, Alfred James, 22, Gunton Rd., Upper Clapton, London, N.E. Teacher of Chemistry. (Inter.) B.Sc. Londm University and Honours, Inorganic (Practical), of Science and Art Department, 103 desire to attend Chemical Society’s meetings, to have Journal pub- lished by the Society, and use of the Library, as I take much interest in chemical work.J. T. Hewitt. Edgar S. Barralet. Frank Dixon. E: D.Cliccttawccy. hr.J.P. Orton. Jemmett, William Henry Coutts, Tintern, Gap Road, Wimbledon. Senior Chemistry Master at Owen’s School, Islington. 1st Class, Nat. Sci. Tripos, Part I., Cambridge, 1893, Chemistry being one subject of examination. Teacher of Chemistry for over seven years. Desirous of following modern developments in Chemistry. F. H. Neville. C. T. Heycock. Holland Crompton. William J. Pope. Stuart Blofeld. McKenzie, Alex., Jenner Institute, Chelsea Gardens, London, S.W. Grocers’ Company Research Student. M.A., D.Sc.(St. Andrews), Ph.D. (Berlin); Author of ‘‘ Active and Inactive Yhenylalkyloxyacetic Acids” (Tram., 75, 753); “A Contribution to the Chemistry of the Mandelic Acids ” (ibid., 75, 964) ; Inaugural-Dissertation, Berlin, 1901, ‘I I Teil : Ueber eine neue Methode zur Spaltung race- mischer Verbindungen in die activen Bestandteile. I1 Teil : Ueber die Abscheidung von Isobutylcarbinol und Methylaet hylcarbincar- binol aus Gahrungsamylalkohol.” Also conjointly with W. Marckwald, author of several papers in the Bericlbte, 1899, 1900, 1901. Henry E. Roscoe. Arthur Harden. G. Druce Lander. Harold G. Colman. J, W.vc~n’tHof. Lewis, Ernest Alfred, 310, Dudley Road, Birmingham. Analytical Chemist,, Assayer, and Metallurgist. 1895, 1896, Student at Mason College, Birmingham ; 1897, 1898, Assistant at Muntz’s Metal Go., Ld., French Walls, near Birmingham; since 1899, Chemist and Metallurgist to Muntz’s Metal Co., Ltd.Published an article on “The Effect of Arsenic on Copper,” in Chemical News, Jan. 4th, 1901. Have done research work on ‘‘ The Effect of very Dilute Acids on Metals and Alloys,” and “On the Microstructure of Copper, Brass, &c.” Percy F. Frankland. T. Slater Price. C. F. Baker. T. Goode Joyce. D. R. Boyd. 104 Loewenthal, Oscar, Mill Hill Park, London, W. Student in Chemistry. Student in Chemistry at the University of Geneva. C. Graebe. R. H. Aders. C. A. Buckmaster. K Pullinger. Frank E. Weston. J. Wertheinzer. Mees, Charles Edward Kenneth, 33, St.Saviour’s Road, Croydon. Student in the Chemical Deparbment of University College, London. Passed Intermediate Examination in Science. Reading for B.Sc. (Honours) Examination at the London University. M. W. Travers. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Charles M. Stuart. Lionel M. Jones. William Ramsay. Murphy, Albert John, Preston House, Leeds. Consulting Brewing Chemist. Trained for Moravian ministry ; late Assistant Master at Stamford Grammar School and Army Coaching School, Sevenoaks. Member of Council of Institutes of Brewing ; of Publication Uommittee of Journal of these Institiites ; of Society of Public Analysts ; occasional contributor to Scientific Brewing Journals. Arthur Smithells. H. 31.Dawson. John Heron. John Heaton.Arthur R. Ling. Alfred C. Chapman. Neil, Arthur Theodore, 21, South Grove, Highgate, N. Schoolmaster (Science Master, Sutton Valence School). Honours in the Natural Sciences Tripos, Cambridge ; Chief Subject, Chemistry. Science Master, Sutton Valence School. Anxious to follow the progress of Chemistry. W. J. Sell. H. J. H. Fenton. W. T. N. Spivey. F. W. Dootson. Henry Jackson. Neumann, Edgar, 10, Randolph Crescent, Maida Vale, London, W. At Messrs. Forbes, Abbott, and Lennard’s Tar Distillery, Greenwich. 105 B.A. (Oxon), Ph.D. (Gottingen). The thesis was on the I‘ Isomerism of Fenc hene Derivatives. ” D. H. Nagel. A. D. Hrtll. A. F. Walden. William Ramsay. A. M. Kellas. Oldershaw, William, Market Place, Nottingham.Chemist. Engaged for upwards of 20 years in Analytical and Manufacturing Chemistry. Reasons for desiring admission to the Society, to attend when special papers or lectures are given ;to have access to the Society’s Library. Leonard de Koningh. Will. F. Mawer. Albert Ivatt. R. 11. Hccdand. FV. Wutson Will. Peacock, Arthur, Smithies Bridge House, Heckmondwike, Yorks. Assistant Schoolmaster. B.Sc. (Vie. Univ.) Chemistry in Final. Four years in Chemical Laboratory, 2 in Physical Laboratory, and 2 in Geological Laboratory, Yorkshire College. Have taught Chem-istry, Physics, and Mechanics, for which I am qualified under Board of Education Regulations. Arthur Smithells. John McCrae. Herbert Ingle. Harry M. Damson. A. V. C. Fenby.James Foulds. Julius B. Cohen. T. W. Lockwood. Robertson, William, 41, Rosenau Road, Battersea Park, S.W. Science Teacher. Educated at ,411an Glen’s School, the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College, and Royal College of Science, London (Frank Hatton Prize Winner and Associate in Chemistry of First Class, 1896-99). At present demonstrating in Chemistry at the Royal College of Science and Wandsworth Technical Institute. William A. Tilden. G. T. Mmgan. W. Palmer Wynne. A. Greeves. M. 0. Forster. Thomas Gray. Robinson,William Hammond, The Limes, Painswick Rd., Cheltenham. Schoolmaster. Head of the Public Science Classes affiliated to the Cheltenham Grammar School. M.A. Oxford. First Class Honours in Final Honour School of Natural Science (Chemistry), 106 1889.Since this date I have been engaged in teaching science, as Univ. Extension Lecturer, and in Secondary and Technical Schools. William Odling. W. W. Fisher. V. H. Veley. J. E. Marsh. John Watts. Shepperson, William, (( Longfield,” Great Missenden, Bucks. Gentleman. Being interested in the Science and desirous of obtaining the Journal. Specially interested in the Chemistry and Physiology of Fats, Samuel Rideal. John Attfield. Otto Hehner. W. T.Burgess. E. G. Clayton. P. Gewdd Sanford. Sherratt, Charles Edmund Shaw, 24, Argyll Road, Normacott, Staffs. School Teacher and Works Analyst. Attended Science Classes at the Wedgwood Institute, Burslem, for 2 years, and the Longton Science Classes for 6 years, gaining many 1st Class Science Cer-tificates, including Honours (Chemistry).Now Analyst to the Chatterley Whitfield Coal and Iron Company. Edmund bl. Rich. Bennett C. Polkinghorne. George George. Z’hos. J. Cheater. Geo, ITr. Burman. Slefrig, Samuel, 18, Waterloo Road, Shepton Mallet, Som. Science Master in a Public Secondary School (School of Science). B.Sc. Vict.-took Chemistry in Prelim. Inter. B.Sc. and Final ESc. after full 3 years’ course in Prac. and Theoret. Chemistry at University College, Liverpool, under Prof. Campbell Brown, D.Sc., F.I.C., F.C.S. Associate, and late Technical Science Scholar (Chern. and Phys.), University College, Victoria University. Teacher of Chemistry for past 3 years in Schools of Science, under Board of Education, and Somerset County Council.Lecturer in Chemistry, Pupil Teacher Centre, Shepton Mallet, Som. J. Campbell Brown. Charles A. Kohn. T. Francis Rutter. Her6ert B. Siocks. K Collingwood Williams. Smith, Henry Ewing, 22, City Road, London, E.C. Manufacturing Chemist, chiefly of alkaloidal preparations of opium, morphia, codeia, &c. Member (by examination) of the Pharmnceu- 1Oi tical Society of Great Britain, Studied Chemistry under Professor Jamieson at the Technical College, Glasgow ;then under Professor W. H. Perkin at Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh; then under Professor Weber at Zurich for analytical work and investigation of alkaloids, and research thereon of a synthetic nature, Now partner in the firm of T.and H. Smith and Co., Manufacturing Chemists Edinburgh and London. Paul Thomas White. David Howccrd. Thos. Tyrer. D.Lloyd Howard. Alfred Gordon Salamon. Reginald G. Halsteccd. Smith, James, 14, Mersey Road, Aigburth, Liverpool. Analytical Chemist. Engaged for seven years in general analytical work in the laboratory of Mr. G. Watson Gray, F.I.C., also studied Organic and Inorganic Chemistry under Dr. George Tate, F.I.C.,F.C.S. George Tate. Sa.ml. Banner. Thomas J. Roberts. Churles A. Kohn. C. J.Head. Stell, Samuel Fenton, 25, Henry Street, Keighley. Teacher of Chemistry. Fifteen years Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry, Day and Evening Classes, Technical ColIege, Bradford. Walter M. Gardner.A. B. Knaggs. A. William Gilbody. S. F. Dufton. G. W. Xlattey. Taylor, William Henry, 19, Shafton Road, Victoria Park Road, N.E. Chemist to Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome and Co. A.I.C. Certifi-cated Student of Finsbury Technical College. For 1year at University College, London. Eighteen months in present position. Working for Final B.Sc. Raphael Meldola. Francis H. Carr. William Ramsay. E. F. Harrison. Harold Picton. Frederick B. Power. Tozer, Herbert Ackerman, 113, Stepney Green, London, E. Schoolmaster, London School Board. Bachelor of Arts, Univ. of London. I hold Advanced Certificate in Chemistry of Science and Art Department, also in Mathematics-three-and in Magnetism and Electricity. Am a Candidate for the B.Sc. Degree (Inter.) of 108 London University.Have been a student for two terms at Uni-versity Tutorial College, Red Lion Square, under J. W. Shepherd, Esq., B.Sc., first in 1st Class Honours in Chemistry, and E. Catch-pool, Esq., B.Sc., 1st Class Honours in Physics. I take a great in- terest in the progress of Chemical Science, and therefore wish to become a Fellow of the Chem. SOC.and to read its publications. J. E. Johnson. T.H. Bodd. R. J. Redding. W. H. Deering. J. C. Aylan. Olives* Trigger. Welch, George Edward, 88, Caledonian Road, Leeds. Science Master. B.Sc., London. Bracketed 1st in 1st Class Honours Prac. Chem., South Kensington. Six and a half years Teacher of Chem. at Bablake School, Coventry. Six years Teacher of Chem. and Physics, Middle Class School, Leeds.William G. Boul. E. J. Cox. Thomas Turner. Julius B. Cohen. Reginald B. Brown. Wylie, Adam Storer, 93, Manchester Street, Oldham. Analyst at the Oldham Corporation Sewage Works. Have been employed as Analyst on the Oldham Corporation Sewage Works during the past four years, and have had sole control of between four and five acres of bacteria beds (at present, I believe, the largest are2 in England). Issued report to the Corporation on the purifi- cation of sewage and working of bacteria beds in 1900. Francis Jones. Frank Scudder. Percy F. Frankland. Robert Pet tigrew . Gilbert J. Fowler. W. H. Perkin. The following Certificate was authorised by Council under bye-law I(3): Verteuil, Joseph de, Clarence Street, Port of Spain, Trinidad, 13.W.1.Assistant Analyst, Government Laboratory, Trinidad. Student, St. Mary’s College, Trinidad, 1B years ;Student, Stoneyhurst College, England, 5 years ; Student, Institut Beauvais, France, 3 years. Obtained Diploma, “Ingdnieur Agricole,” Institut Beauvais. Chemist at Orange Grove Sugar Factory, 1 year; Chemist at Esperanza Sugar Factory, 1 year ; Assistant Analyst, Government Laboratory, Trinidad, 1 year. P. Carmody. RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LINITED, LONDON AND BUNQAY
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9011700083
出版商:RSC
年代:1901
数据来源: RSC