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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 26, No. 374 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 26,
Issue 374,
1910,
Page 161-188
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摘要:
IssszceJ 29/6/10 PROCEEDINGS CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 26. No.374. Thursday, June 16th, 1910, at 8.30 p.m., Professor HAROLDB. DIXON,M.A., Ph.D., F.K.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. A. Clayton, Frederick C. Lewis, and Charles Proud were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Henry Vincent Aird Briscoe, B.Sc., 33, Brtrgery Road, Catford, S.E. David Jackson RlacGeorge, Rangoon Refinery Co., Ltd., Thilawa, Burma. Alec Duncan Mitchell, B.Sc., Carnock, Hartley Road, Leytonstone, N.E. William James Pittock Smith, 9, Meddowcroft Road, Gerard Road, Wallasey. Claude Tareille Temperley, B.Sc., Trent College. Richard Babington Turbutt, €3. A., Royal Artillery Mess, Woolwich. Herbert Goulding Williams, B.Sc., Robert Gordon's College, Aberdeen.William Norman Stewart Wright, 26, Lansdowne Crescent, Glasgow, W. A Certificate has been authorised by the Council for presentation to Ballot under Bye-law I (3) in favour o€ : Professor Leo Tschugaeff, The University, St. Petersburg. 162 A ballot for the election of Fellows was held, and the following were subsequently declared drily elected : Ward Allen Batley, M.Sc. Robert O’Field Oakley Geoffrey Alfred Bracewrll. Edward Talbot Paris. Roaald Leslie Collett, B.A. John Alexaiider Itecldic. Middleton Heiiry Dand. Walter Williatn Reed, 1l.S~. AIexandcr Scott Dotid, l3.S~. John George Rose. James Grieve. St. Clair 0verl)eck Siiiclnir, M.A. Charles Frederick Guhlinanii. Itolaiid Edgar Slade, XSc.John Edward Hackford, B. Sc. J:inies Harry Smith. John Haycock. Thomas May Smith. John Huck, M.A. liaikhushroo Bainanji Sorabji. Lionel Leslie Jacohs. Ernest Stectiiian, R.Sc. Goviiid Laxman Joshi. Ferdinand Eernard Thole, B. Sc. Fraiik Stevetison Long, B.Sc. Frederick George Williams. \Yilliani Ernest Martin. John Williams, 13. Sc. Henjniniii Mason Narbeth, R.Sc. Of the following papers, t,hose marked st were read: “1’80.“Studies of dynamic isomerism. Part XII. The equations for two consecutive unimolecular changes.” By Thomas Martin Lowry and William Thomas John. The problem considered is that of a reversible isomeric change of the type A ZB Z C, in which the intermediate compound, B, is formed in quantities comparable with those of the initial material, A, and the final product, C.Equations are deduced for the changes of concen-tration with time in the case of each of the three substances : (a)when the sum of the concentrations is constant, as in an ordinary ‘‘ muta-rotation ” experiment, and (6) when the concentration of the initial material is kept constant, for example, by saturation with the solid. The curve connecting concentration with time in the case of the com- pound C is inflected in character, the position of the point of inflexion depending on the four velocity constants corresponding with the four arrows of the above equation. Curves, showing the point of inflexion and the tangent at this point, have been drawn for a number of typical cases.“171. ‘(Studies of dynamic isomerism. Part XIII. Camphorcarboxy-amide and camphorcarboxypiperidide.” By Walter Hamis Glover and Thomas Martin Lowry. Camphomarboxpamide) U, H,4<&-, CH’Co*NHzI prepared by heating the methyl ester with aqueous ammonia in a sealed tube at loo”, 163 crystallises well from benzene, heptane, or light petroleum, melts at 118", and gives an indigo coloration with ferric chloride. Changes of rotatory power are observed in freshly-prepared solutions of tho amide in heptane, benzene, and alcohol. The solubility in heptane at 20" shows an analogous change, from 0.3s to 0.80 per cent., in the course of the first hour or two after the solvent is added, indicating that the initial material forms about 48 per cent.of the final product. The bromoamide, C,H,,< CBr'Co"H2, melts at 114", and gives ICO no coloration with ferric chloride. IThe piperidide, C,H,,< CH'C0*Nc5H10,prepared by the action ofco piperidine on the ester, melts at 106", and gives a greenish coloration with ferric chloride. Changes of rotatory power are observed in freshly-prepared solutions in heptane, benzene, and alcohol, but the mutarotation curves do not obey the unimolecular law, and the curves for solutions in benzene are strongly inflected ;the abnormal character of the curves is attributed to the occurrence of two consecutive isomeric changes. The solubility in heptane increases from 2.06 to 4-66per cent., and the proportion of the initial material in the final product is taken to be about 44 per cent.The bronio-piperidide,C,H,,< CBr*CO*NC,Hlo, melts at 132", givesIco no coloration with ferric chloride, and undergoes no changes of rotatory power in freshly-prepared solutions. DISCUSSION. Mr. BALYasked what evidence Dr. Lowry had that the compounds described exist in the enolic form. It appeared to him that the results described by Dr. Lowry in his last two papers (Trans., 1910, 97, 899 and 905) were capable of another explanation, and that the existence of the enolic form was not proved by the spectroscopic observations. Of course these remarks did not influence in any way the value of the curves under discussion, but Mr. Baly questioned the advisability of assuming the existence of the enolic modifications if this assumption were only based upon the spectroscopic observations described in the previous work.Dr. SENTERasked, in reference to the observations on initial retardation, with what vessels the optically active substances had been in contact during the experiments. In reply to Mr. Baly, Dr. LOWRYsaid that in order to account for the inflected mutarotation curves it was only necessary to assume two successive isomeric changes in compounds of approximately equal 164 stability. The intermediate compound was probably enolic, but this was not essential. In reply to Dr. Senter, both glass and silica tubes had been used ;the velocities of isomeric change varied considerably, but the general form of the curves was the same for high and for low velocities.*172. ‘‘ A simple method of preparing tetranitromethane.” By Frederick Daniel Chattaway. Tetranitromethane in nearly theoretical amount can be obtained, if a suitable procedure be adopted, by the interaction of nitric acid and acetic anhydride. The action of nitric acid on acetic anhydride has been described as dangerously violent. This, however, is not the case unless the tempera- ture at which they are brought together is unnecessarily high. When nitric acid attacks acetic anhydride a mononitro-derivative is probably first produced, which is so much more readily nitrated than the parent compound that action proceeds until the three hydrogen atoms of a methyl group have been replaced.The trinitroacetic acid formed by hydrolysis then slowly decomposes into carbon dioxide and nitroform, which is converted as soon as it is liberated into tetra- nitromethane. The methods adopted in preparing, isolating, and purifying tetra- nitromethane were described. The necessary operations are so simple and so easily carried out that the preparation is well adapted to take its place in any elementary course of practical organic chemistry to illustrate the ease with which aliphatic compounds can be nitrated, whilst the materials employed are so cheap and the yield is so satisfactory as to make tetranitromethane, which has hitherto been a somewhat unfamiliar substance, one of the most easily procurable of organic compounds.DISCUSSION. The PRESIDENTasked whether DP. Chattaway had any proof of the formation of nitro€orm. Dr. CHATTAWAYsaid that he had no proof that nitroform was actually liberated as an intermediate product, but its formation appeared to be a necessary step in the series of reactions which must be assumed to take place. The conditions of interaction were such that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to recognise it as an intermediate product, since, in small amount, it was formed by the action of water on tetranitromethane. 165 "173. iL The constitution of ortho-diazoimines. Part I. The naphthyl- enediazoimines and their benzenesulphonyl derivatives." By Gilbert T. Morgan and William Godden, The authors' experiments had for their object the determination of the constitution of the ortho-diazoimines produced by the action of nitrous acid on the ortho-diamines.If the ortho-diazoimines and their acyl derivatives are to be represented by the general formula (I), Ar<&>NH(R). Ar<p*@).N (1.1 (11.1 then 1-benzenesulpl~onyZ-4-b~onao-l:2-napiithylenediamine (111) (m. p. 220') and its isomeride, ?J-henzeiaesulpho?zyl-4-bromo-l:2-naphthylene-dinnzine (V) (m. p. 171'), should yield the same diazoimide; but on treatment with nitrous acid they give rise respectively to the isomeric compounds, 1-benxenesuZphonyZ-4-bromonaphtlt, ylene-2 -diazo-1-imide (IV) (m. p. 159") and 2-belaxenesuZpTLon~l-4-bro~ona~ht~~~~e~e-l-diacxo-2-imide (TI)(m.p. 209'). NH*SO,Ph, ., a N*SO,Ph . . a C,oH,Br< NH,. ...../3 -+ C,0H5Br<' N,. ....-P' (111.) (IV. 1 These results indicate that the ortho-diazoimines and their acyl derivatives are more correctly represented by the general formula (11). Further confirmation was obtained by a study of the diazoimino- derivatives of 1:2-and 2 :3-naphthylenediamines. *174. "The colour and constitution of diazonium salts. Part 11. Diazo-derivatives of as-benzoylethyl-1:4-naphthylenediamine." By Gilbert T. Morgan and Edward G.Couzens. as-Benxoylethyl-l ;4-nmphthylenediamine, NH,*C,,H,=N(C,H,)*CO*C,H,, contains an ethyl group in the place of the more labile hydrogen atom of benzoyl-1 :4-naphthylenediamine, NH2*CloH,*NH-CO*C,H5,* yet both these bases give rise to yellow diazonium salts of considerable stability.It follows that the colour of these diazo-derivatives is not due to my departure from the normal diazonium type consequent on a migration of hydrogen. 166 In the benzene series, the corresponding diazonium salts of benzoyl-pphen ylenediamine and the as-ben zoylal kyl-p- phen ylenediamine s, although exceptionally stable, are colourless (Trans., 1909, 95, 1319). The appearance of colour among aromatic diazonium salts is due, not to cbanges in the diazo-residue, but to an increase in the complexity of the aromatic nucleus with which this group is associated. DISCUSSION. Dr. HEWITTstated that in view of the work just described, he fully accepted Dr. Morgan’s conclusion that the p-acylaminodiazonium salts did not differ constitutionally from other diazonium salts.*175. ‘‘The action of alkalis on certain derivatives of coumarin.” By Arthur Clayton. The action of alkalis on a number of nitro-derivatives of coumarin and its homologues has been investigated. Coumarins with a nitro-group in position 3 are converted by alkalis into the corresponding salicylaldehydes. If a methyl group is also present in position 4,a w-nitro-a-methylstyrene is formed. Two new coumarinic acids have been isolated. ”176. ‘(The relation between absorption spectra and chemical con- stitution. Part XV. The nitrated azo-compounds.” By Edward Charles Cyril Baly, William Bradshaw Tuck, and Effie Gwendoline Marsden. Hewitt and Mitchell (Tvans., 1907, 91, 1251) dealt with the ortho- and para-nitrobenzeneazophenolsand nitrobenzeneazo-a-naphthol s, and from the change in colour produced on the addition of alkali hydroxides concluded that the sodium and potassium salts have the di-quinonoid NaO structure, as, for example : \N:/’-\:N .N :/’==\:o// \-/ \ /0 /-\\--/They also brought forward evidence to support this, based upon the two isomeric carboxy-derivatives (I) and (11),for the compound (I) CO,H ()p/--\Jg:\--/ N/---\(-JH o,N<-->N:N<-)oH\-/CO2H / \ /-\\-/ \-/(1.1 (11.) gives a blue lake with lead acetate, whilst (11) gives a red one.167 It has now been shown from a comparison of the nitrobenzeneazo- phenols and their sodium salts with the corresponding nitrobenzene- azodimethylauilines, benzeneazophenol and its sodium salt, and with p-benzoquinoneazine, that the quinonoid explanation is incorrect. It is found that the carboxylic acids (I)and (II),as well as two other isomeric compounds which cannot possess two adjacent hydroxyl groups, give colloidal sodium salts.The solutions of these salts are precipitated by any metallic salt, as, for example, sodium chloride ;the colour of these precipitates varies with the concentration, so that no conclusion whatever can be drawn as to two adjacent hydroxyl groups from the formation of insoluble precipitates with lead acetate. DISCUSSION. Dr. HEWITTdissented from Mr. Baly's view as to the constitution of the salts of p-nitrobenzeneazo-a-naphtholand allied compounds.Benzeneazo-a-naphthol gave an alcoholic solution which, if snfficiently dilute, was yellow, and the colour was altereci to a comparatively slight extent by the addition of alkali. Substitution derivatives of the type : p-X*C,H,*N:N*C,,HB*OHbehaved in a similar manner, where X=cYl, CO,Na, SO,Na, etc.; but where X=NO,, CH,*CO* or H*CO*, then addition of alkali produced a far larger displacement of the band of least frequency, with the result that purple or blue solutions were obtained. The first class of substituents did not allow of a quinonoid structure for the alkali salts, but this was possible with substituents of the second class. Another remarkable example was afforded by p-nitrobenzeneazosalicylaldehyde,the yellow alcoholic Eolution of which was but slightly affected on rendering alkaline; this was probably owing to salt formation taking place with quinonoid rearrangement involving the sldehydo-group, so inhibiting t'he azobenzenequinone structure. Additional support was lent to this view by the fact that if the aldehydo-group was put out of action by conversion into a phenylhydrazone, addition of alkali produced an intense purple coloration.Chemical properties were, however, far more important than optical in deciding questions of structure, and the observation made many years ago by Meldola, that p-nitro-substituted azophenols could be reduced smoothly to the corresponding amino-compounds by hydrogen sulphide in ammoniacal solution, showed that the ammonium salts of these p-nitro-compound possessed a different structure from the unsub- stituted parent substances with the true azo-linking, since the latter underwent fission at the double linking between the nitrogen atoms.In reply to Dr. Hewitt, Mr. BALYdrew attention to an interesting fact about the blue alkaline solution of p-nitrobenzeneazo-a-naphthol. 168 In thin layers the solution was blue by transmitted light, but in thick layers it was pure red. This observation showed the danger of arguing entirely from visual colour. It appeared to him that Dr. Forster had drawn attention to the most important point, for the shifts observed on the addition of alkali to o-, m-, and p-nitrobenzene- azo-phenols and -a-naphthols were all very similar ; indeed, m-nitro- benzeneazo-a-naphthol gave a greater shift than the 0-and p-isomerides.Moreover, the shift given by benzeneazophenol was the same as that of the nitro-derivatives. *177. Indirubin. Part I.” By William Popplewell Bloxam and Arthur George Perkin. In order to study the conditions necessary for the formation of indirubin by the air-oxidation of indoxyl, the authors have devised a method for the quantitative estimation of the former colouring matter in indigo. The dyestuff mixed with purified sand is introduced into a glass tube (25 x 90 mm. approx.) closed at one end with calico, which is placed in a Soxhlet apparatus and the material extracted with pyridine. The pyridine extract is evaporated finally with the addition of hot water, and the precipitate, which consists of indirubin and a little indigotin together with impurities, is collected on asbestos, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove mineral matter, with 1 per cent.alkali to dissolve indigo-brown, and finally with 1 per cent. acetic acid solution. The crystalline residue is dried, sulphonmted, and the solution of the mixed aulphonic acids analysed by means of the Duboscq colorimeter. The residual mixture of sand and crude indigotin is mashed in the Soxhlet apparatus with hot 10 per cent. sulphuric acid, which removes indigo gluten and some mineral matter, and with water until free from acid ;the residue is then dried and sulphonated in the ordinary manner, the product dissolved in water, the solution filtered, and titrated with permanganate or titanium trichloride.The accuracy of the process has been determined by an examination of mixtures of pure indigotin and indirubin, and the reliability of the colorimetric work, in respect of the amount of colouring matter present, by means of titanium chloride. The authors have also analysed certain special varieties of Java indigo and other indigos, and it was Further pointed out that by this pyridine method a quantitative determination of indigo-brown is also possible, DISCUSSION. Mr. A. G. PERKINsaid that although tho fact that dilute solutions of the indigotinsulphonic acids were decolorised by less permanganate 169 than that required for the isatin reaction had been known for some time, the matter had not as yet been investigated.It was therefore apparent that the oxidation took place in two stages, and there was some possibility that the sulphonic acid OF Kalb’s (Ber., 1909, 42, 3642) dehydroindigotin might be produced in this manner. More striking in this respect were the sulphonic acids of indirubin, because under similar conditions the quantity of permanganate necessary for decolorisation mas approximately only 75 per cent. of that calculated on the isatin equation. The primary product in the latter case was thus fairly stable in the presence of the oxidising agent, and attempts were being made to isolate it in the unsulphonated condition by the oxidation of indirubin itself.178. (( The colour and constitution of the amino-coumarins.” By Arthur Clayton. The colour of the amino-derivatives of coumarin and its homologues was shown to be independent of the position of the amino-group, and not to be due to the presence of a mobile hydrogen atom. The suggestion was made that the colour is generated by the continual breaking and reforming of valency bonds between the amino-group and the unsaturated -O*CO*group present in the lactonic ring. 179. Estimation of sodium and csesium as bismuthi-nitrites. Part I. Estimation of sodium.” By Walter Craven Ball. Sodium may be estimated, even in the presence of a very large excess of potassium, by precipitation as sodium czesium bismuthi- nitrite (Trans.,1909, 95, 2226).The precipitation is conducted in a special form of vessel, and the precipitate dried at 100’ and weighed. Tho sodium present in complex mixtures, such as sea-water, may thus be estimated. 180. (‘The by-products of alcoholic fermentation.” By Olive Eveline Ashdown and John Theodore Hewitt. Alcohol as obtained by the fermentation of dextrose or dextrose-yielding materials by yeast contains numerous by-products. In certain cases these may be referred to substances other than dextrose, but acetic acid is probably furnished by the oxidation of acetaldehyde, which, in turn, is certainly derived from dextrose, since it is produced when pure specimens of this sugar are fermented in the presence of suitable nourishment, no other organic material being added.The idea that the quantity of aldehyde might depend on the avail- 170 able nitrogen proved unfounded ;incidentally, support is afforded to Ehrlich's view as to the source of the higher alcohols by the observation that addition of alnnine diminishes the amonnt of these substances. The amount of aldehyde may be diminished by the addition of small amounts of formates, a result of considerable interest in view of the statement of Schade (Zeitsch. physikal. Chern., 1906, 5'7, 1; 1907, 60, 510) that dextrose yields acetaldehyde and a formate under the influence of alkali, whilst acetaldehyde and formic acid yield ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide with rhodium sponge as a catalyst. 181. "Dimethoxyphenyl-p-tolylmethane. (Preliminarynote.)" By John Edwin Mackenzie.In previous communications (Trccns., 1896, 69, 985; 1901, 79, 1204; 1904, 85,790 ; (Clough) 1906, 89, 771) the author and his collaborators have described the products formed by the interaction of benzophenone chloride and of benzylidene chloride on the sodium compounds of various alcohols and phenols. It was thought that from phenyl p-tolyl ketone chloride a series of derivatives might be obtained according to the general equation : C,H,Me*CCl,*C,H, + 2NaOR =C,H,Me*C(OR),*C,H, +2NaC1, where R represents an alkyl group. A comparison of the physical properties of such compounds with those of the corresponding derivatives already obtained from benzophenone chloride and those to be obtained from ditolyl ketone chloride should prove interesting as showing the infliience of the methyl group as a substituent of hydrogen in various positions.Phenyl p-tolyl ketone was prepared by the action of benzoyl chloride on a large excess of toluene in presence of aluminium chloride according to Bourget's method (Bull. SOC.chim., 1896, [iii], 15, 945). The ketone distilled between 184' and 191°/20 mm., and crystallised out on cooling. By recrystallisation from alcohol, colourless crystals melting at 56-57'" were obtained, the weight of crystals being 43 per cent. of that theoretically obtainable. The dichloride is formed by the action of phosphorus pentachloride on the ketone : CH,*C,H,*COPh +PCl, =CH,*C6H,*CCI,Ph +POCl,. Overton (Bey., 1893, 26, 26) appears to have obtained the crude chloride.As it decomposes very readily on heating, the following method of preparation was adopted. To the ket'one dissolved in ten times its weight of carbon tetrachloride, the equivalent weight of phosphorus pentachloride was added, and the mixture was then heated in a water-bath for four hours. The solvent was distilled off under 25 mm. pressure, the temperature being eventually raised to 859 171 The residual dark green oil had a strong odour of hydrogen chloride, and was very unstable in presence of water, being reconverted into the ketone. Determinations of chlorine made at the stated intervals gave the following percentages: after one day 27.4 (theory 28*28), five days 15.35, ten days 7.8, eleven days 5.4, and on the thirteenth day crystals of the ketone separated out.Dimethoxy-p-tol~~henyz~~et~anewas prepared by mixing the chloride with an equivalent weight of sodiummethoxide in ten times its weight of methyl alcohol. A vigorous reaction took place. After filtering off the salt, the alcohol was distilled off under diminished pressure, and the residue extracted several times with ether. This ethereal solution was dried, the ether distilled off under the ordinary pressure, and the residue under a pressure of 15 mm. A colourless oil amount- ing to 77 per cent. of the theoretical amount passed over between 163' and 1659 (Found, C = 79.8, H =7.09. Calc. C =79.33, H=7.44 per cent. M.W. by cryoscopic method=249; Calc.242; Density, 1.075 at 15O.) Tbe following boiling points were determined-186'/26 mm., 312'/80 mm. Efforts to obtain this substance in a crystalline form were in vain? the oil only becoming more viscous. It is easily miscible with the ordinary organic solvents. As in the case of the corresponding benzophenone derivative, this substance when placed in a desiccator containing sulphuric acid steadily lost weight until the ketone crystallised out, the change being expressed thus : C,H,Me*C( 0Me),*C,H, -+ C,H,Me*CO*C,H, +(CH,),O, Experiments with ethyl and benzyl alcohols and with phenol are in progress. 182. (( A synthesis of tetrahydrouric acid." By Edward Percy Frankland. An attempt to synthesise the hypothetical desoxyuric acid, TH*CH,-;C;'*NH CO-NH-Cm€>Co' by the addition of cyanic acid to up-diaminopropionie acid, NH2*CH2*CH(NH,)*C02H, followed by the dehydration of the diurea derivative thus formed, led to the production of tetrahydrouric acid : NH,*CO*NH*CH,*FH*NH TH*CB,*YH*NH* CO-NH >'' Or CO-NH-CO COONH, 172 only one molecule of water being eliminated to form a hydmtoin ring.The product from the interaction of two molecules of potassium cyanate and one molecule of diaminopropionic acid in the presence of the equivalent quaut8ity of either hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid was evaporated with 25 per cent. l~ydrochloric acid, the resulting tetrahydrouric acid extracted with methyl alcohol and recrjstallised from water.It melts and decomposes at 216” (uncorr.), correspouding with the substance obtained by Tafel (Bev., 1901, 34, 258) by the electrolytic reduction of uric acid. 183. “The double nitrites of mercury and the bases of the tetra- alkylammonium series.” By Prafulla Chandra Rtg. The investigation on the double nitrites of mercury and the alkali metals and the metals of the alkaline earths (Trans., 1907, 91, 2031 ; ibid.,l910,97,326) has been extended to the tetra-alkylammonium series. It is well known that the tetra-alkylammonium hydroxides are fairly comparable to the alkali hydroxides in point of strength, the heat of neutralisation of any one of these bases by an equivalent of hydro-chloric acid being, on an average, 13,700 calories. It was, therefore, expected that the nitrites of the alkylammonium series should also yield double salts with niercuric nitrite, and this has been found to be the case.In the interaction of mercuric nitrite and tetra-methylammonium nitrite two distinct compounds were obtained, namely, Hg(N02)2,NMe4N027H20 and Hg(N0,),,2NMe4N02. The power of combination of mercuric nitrit,e with one or more molecules of the alkali nitrite evidently depends on the predominance of the latter in solution.* Analysis of the compound Hg(NO,),,NMe,NO,,H,O gave : Found : Ilg =44.64; C = 10.71 ; N (nitritic) =9.37. Rg(N02),,NMe,N0,H20 requires Hg =45.00 ; C = 10.63 ; N (nitritic) = 10.2 per cent. The compound Hg(N02),,2NMe4N02 gave : Found : Hg=38*2; C= 17.7 ; N (total)= 16.1.Hg(N0,),,2NMe,N02 requires Hg =37.6; C = 18.0 ; N = 15.8 per cent. * Although the salt Rg(N0,)2,1;tNaN0,(Zoc. cit.) has been described, the corre-sponding mercuric potassium compound has not until now been obtained. The author has succeeded in preparing it in a pure state. Analysis of the salt gave : Found: Hg=47.72; Ii=13-98 ; N=11*60. Hg(N02)a,l&KN0,reqnires Hg=47*66 ; R=13*98; N=11*65 per cent. 173 184. "Ionisation of the nitrites as measured by the cryoscopic method." (Preliminary note.) By Prafulla Chandra RAy and Satish Chandra Mukherjee. The authors gave a preliminary account of their work on the ionisation of the nitrites. This part was carried out in the ordinary way, and the results checked by comparison experiments with potassium nitrate and chloride and sodium chloride.The nitrites were prepared either from silver nitrite or barium nitrite, and treatment with the corresponding chloride or sulphats and evaporation to dryness in a vacuum over sulphuric acid, Instead of weighing these salts directly as many were deliquescent), the authors evaporated the solutions (after the determinations had been made) with sulphuric acid and estimated the strength from the sulphate left. An exception to this was in the case of the tetramethylammonium nitrite, which mas dried at 150" and weighed directly, Mol. wt. Dilution Degree of No. of Salt. Calc. Pound. in litres. io&ation. ions. KNO, . . . . ..... . . .. . .. . . . . ..., 101.0 56.05 4'4 0 -80 2 54.37 19.0 0.86 2 KC1 ....... . . . .... . .. . ....... . . 74.5 38.2 15'0 0'95 2 39 *7 12'0 0 '88 2 INaCl ..... .., .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 31 '4 4.2 0'86 2 Ca(NO,), ..... . . .. . . . . . . . .,... 132-0 49.3 28.0 0'84 3 50.26 19-4 0 '82 3 Ba(NO,), ..................... 229.0 84.9 21 -0 0-84 3 84.0 31.4 0.86 3 Sr(NO,), .. . ...... . ,,,... . .... 179-3 66'43 22 -0 0'84 3 66.5 21-0 0'84 3 KNO, ........................ 85-0 45% 16'0 0'86 2 46'0 17.0 0-85 2 46.0 18.0 0.85 2 44 -4 36 *O 0.91 2 NaNO,. . . ... . . ...,. . ....... .. . 69'0 36.9 10'0 0.87 2 36-0 20 -5 0'91 2 NH,NO, ...... . ..... ..,....,. 64'0 35'3 18.0 0.81 2 34'8 20 *o 0.87 2 N(CH,),NO, .. .,........., 120.0 63.0 14'0 0.90 2 62.0 19.5 0'93 2 HgC1, ........... . . . . . . ,.. . .. 271.0 258 *6 36'6 0.47 3 Hg(NO,), . . .... . . .,.... . ... 292'0 238.2 32'0 0'11 3 K,Fe(CN)6 .................. 368.0 104.5 31.0 0.63 5 Hg(NO,),,BKNO, .,...... . 462.0 131.4 7.2 [1*26] 3 122.2 21.2 r1.39-j 3 110'65 60 '4 [1*58] 3 2Hg(NO2),,3KNO, ........ 839'0 154.0 23*o [1*4Y] 3 Hg(NO,),, %N(CH&NO, . 532.0 134.0 40 -0 C1-481 3 Hg(NO,),, Ca(NO,), ... . .. 424'0 1483 42 -1 [1*86] 3 3Hg(N02),,2Bs(N0,), ... 1334-0 173.7 136'0 13 '341 3 2Hg(NO,),,HgNO, ...... 830.0 294.0 64 *8 [1'82] 2 290.8 72-7 [1*85] 2 299.5 135.2 [1.77] 2 Anornalous results are given in square brackets. It will be seen that potassium and sodium nitrites on the one hand, and calcium, strontium, and barium nitrites on the other, show 174 equal degrees of ionisntion ; thus these nitrites conform to the general rule that salts which have an analogous constitution are ionised to the same extent in dilute solutions of equal concentration.It is worthy of note, also, that a solution of ammonium nitrite -a compound of a. ‘(weak” base and a “weak” acid-shows no deviation from the general rule, and that a solution of tetramethyl-ammonium nitrite is far more strongly dissociated than any of the alkali nitrites, a fact in keeping with the behaviour of other salts of quaternary bases from aliphatic amines. The results are in agreement with those obtained by other investigators using different methods. 185. New syntheses of thioxanthone and its derivatives.” By Eric Gordon Davis and Samuel Smiles.It was shown that thioxanthone may be synthesised by warming o-carboxybenzenesulphinic acid and benzene with concentrated sulphuric acid ;the yields furnished by this process, however, are inferior to those obtained when o-thiolbenzoic acid is warmed with benzene and the same condensing agent, about 80-90 per cent. of the required amount being then obtained. Numerous derivatives have been prepared by the latter method, and the methyl-, hydi*oxy-, and methoxy-thioxanthoneswere described in detail, also the preparation of naphthnthioceanthone, aminonaphtha- thioxunthone, and maphthabisthioxanthone has been accomplished by this method. The mechanism of the reaction was discussed, and the conclusion was drawn that the sulphoxylic acid (1)C02H-C,H,*SOH(2) is formed as an intermediate product.186. ‘‘The intramolecular rearrangementsof diphenylmethane ortho- sulphoxide.” By Thomas Percy Hilditch and Samuel Smiles. The o-sulphoxide of diphenylmethane is obtained by the interaction of hydrogen dioxide and thioxanthen. It is oxidised by potassium permanganate to diphenylmethane o-sulphone, and thus differs from thioxanthhydrol, which yields thioxanthone on oxidation under similar conditions. This sulphoxide is transformed by fusion, or by being warmed above its melting point in certain solvents, into thio-xanthhydrol, and by acid reagents it is converted into the salts of dibenzocarbothionium. Werner’s statement (Ber., 1901, 34, 331 1) that thioxanthhydrol is converted by acids into the salts of that base has been confirmed, although here the change appears to be more rapid than with the sulphoxide.The study of these intramolecular changes is being continued. 175 187. ''6 -Chloro -2 -phenyl -1 : 3 -benzoxazine -4 -one and related derivatives." By Arthur Walsh Titherley and Ernest Chislett Hughes. The chlorination of 2-phenyldihydro-1:3-bonzoxszine-4-0110 (phenyl- benzometoxazone) (I) leads first to the production of the B-chloro- derivative (m. p. '214') (II), in which, by further action, the hydrogen atom (2) in the oxazine ring is displaced. The resulting dichloro- derivative (IIL),however, cannot exist, and by loss of hydrogen chloride yields the ch1or.o-derivative (m.p. 215.) (IV) of the unsaturated cyclic compound recently isolated by Titherley (Tram., 1910, 97, 200). The unsaturated chloro-derivative (IV) has also been synthesised from phenyl 5-chlorosalicylate (V) and phenplbenzamidine, and from 5-chloro-0-benzoylsalicyl~mide(VI) by internal condensation with hydrogen chloride, whilst the simple chloro-derivative (11) has been synthesised by the condensation of 5-chlorosalicylamide (VII) and benzaldehyde : f)CO*NHI c1 Cl()CO*rH PhCHO CI()CO*NH, \/O-CHPh -+-\/O--CHPh \/OHf-(1.1 (11.1 (VII.) Cl(\CO*NH,Ic/ -Iw/ ,/O *COPh CI()CO*yH -HCl Cl()CO*f p-(TI. )\/O--CClPh -+ \/O-CPh CP~~~~).~~ (111.) (IV.) 6-Chloro- ----------CI/\CO,Ph 2-phenyl-l : 3-benz-()OHoxazine-&one. (V. 1 The chloro-derivative (11) with pyridine and alkali yields the open- chain isomeride, sylz-benzylidine-5-chlorosalicylamide, OH*C,H,Cl*CO*N:CHPh, which is very labile, and on heating rapidly reverts to the cyclic form (11).0-Benzoyl 5-chlorosalicylamide (VI), which may be readily obtained by the pyridine benzoylation method at -15O, rearranges, on heating, to N-benzoyl 5-chlorosalicylamide, OH*C,H,Cl*CO*NH*COPh, and reversible rearrangement of the latter occurs in boiling acetic acid.The same N-benzoyl derivative is produced by the hydrolytic rupture of the oxazine ring in (IV) under the influence of acids, 176 188. “Separation of the metals of the tin group.’’ By Robert Martin Caven. The following modification of Walker’s method (Z’rans., 1903, 83, 184) for the qualitative separation of the metals of the tin group has been found rapid and satisfactory.The mixed sulphides are repre- cipitated from their solution in alkali, collected, washed, and boiled with concentrated hydrochloric acid according to a well-known method of separation, and the remaining arsenious sulphide, filtered off from the diluted solution, may then be identified in the usual manner by making use of its solubility in ammonium carbonate solution. To the filtrate, free from hydrogen sulphide and containing anti- rnonious and stannic chlorides, potassium hydroxide is added until the hydroxides precipitated are just re-dissolved in excess of alkali. Bromine water is then added until the solution remains yellow ;thus antimonite, which would be hydrolysed in presence of ammonium chloride, is oxidised to antimonate.The addition of solid ammonium chloride first causes the evolution of nitrogen, because of the hypobromite present ;then stannic hydr-oxide separates, and, after boiling, is collected. The filtrate contains only the antimony, which is precipitated as antimonic sulphide on acidifying and passing hydrogen sulphide. The advantage of this scheme of analysis is that it employs Walker’s excellent method of separating tin from antimony without postponing the identification of arsenic, which may result in small quantities of this element, present finally as arsenate, being missed by student’s. 189. (( The formation and reactions of imino-compounds.Part XIII. The constitution of ethyl /3-imino-a-cyanoglutarateand of its alkyl derivatives.” By Arthur Fred Campbell and Jocelyn Field Thorpe. Ethyl p-imino-a-cyanoglutarate,C0,Et CH,*C(NH,):C(C”)*CO,Et, reacts entirely as an amino-compound, and appears to have no imino-phase. It is therefore a substituted ethyl glutaconato, and it is now found that in many of its reactions this amino-derivative behaves like glutaconic acid. Thus when one methyl group is introduced, ethyl P-imino-a’-c yano-a-methylglutarate, CO,Et*CHMe*C(NH,):C(CN) CO,Et, is formed as sole product, whereas when two methyl groups are intro- duced, the second methyl combines with both the a-carbon atom and the a’-carbon atom, forming ethyl /3-irrtino-a’-cyano-aa-diruethyIglutitrate, CO,Et*CMe,*C(NH,):C(CN)*CO,Et,and ethyl P-imino-a’-cyano-aa’-di-methylglutarate, C0,Et CMe:C(NH,) CNe(CN) CO,Et, showing there- fore that there is tautomerism between the a-and a‘-carbon atoms as there is between the a-and y-carbon atoms of glutaconic acid.It has also been Pound that ethyl P-imino-a‘-cysno-aa-dimethyl-glutarate can be isolated in two stereoisomeric forms, showing that the substitution of the two a-carbon atoms in ethyl P-imino-a-cyano- glutarate and the consequent “fixing” of the double bond leads, as in the derivatives of glutaconic acid, to the isolation of stereoisomeric modifications. The production of pyrrole derivatives from the sodium compound of ethyl P-imino-a’-cgano-a-methylglutarateby the action of iodoaceto-nitrile was also described, the formation of these substances proving that the mobile hydrogen atom acted preferentially on the a’-carbon atom.190. “p-Hydroxyazo-derivativesof quinoline.’’ By John Jacob Fox. Hydroxyazo-derivatives of quinoline, such as 5-p-arnino6enxe~e-axo-S-hydroxyquinoline, were described, having the hydroxyl group in the ortho-position with respect to the nitrogen in the quinoline nucleus ; and the properties of these sitbstances were compared with the corresponding derivatives in which the hydroxyl group was not in the quinoline nucleus. It was shown that, whilst the latter could be acetylatad and ethylated in the usual way, the former did not under ordinary conditions yield acetyl or alkyloxy-derivatives. Tt was pointed out that the carbonium structure for the polyhydro- chlorides was inadequate to account for the marked instability of the hydrochlorides of the hydroxyazo-derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinolino as compared with quinolineazophenol.The absorption spectra show bands of which the heads occur at oscillation frequencies in about the same position as in the simpler hydroxyazo derivatives, as, for example, dimethylaminobenzeneazo-phenol. 191. “A contribution to the study of tanacetone (P-thujone) and some of its derivatives.” By David Thomson. Tanacetone (P-thujone), when treated with magnesium methyl C H p\Meiodide, yields two tertiary homothujyl alcohols, ’\-/ : one/\OHMe a solid, melting at 84”,and having [aIn -30*5O;the other a liquid, boiling at 204”, and having [a], +35”.In both these alcohols, as in 178 thujyl alcohol, the cpclopropane ring is stable towards cold 5 per cent. aulphuric acid. a-Thujaketonic acid, C,H7p\C0.CH,, is decomposed by boiling \-CO,H with 20 per cent. hydrochloric acid solution, with the formation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, which in odour and boiling point is similar to dihydro-$-cumene. -a-Thujadicarboxylic acid, C,H7//\C0,H, prepared from a-thuja- \-CO,H ketonic acid by oxidation, is quite stable towards boiling 20 per cent. hydrochloric acid or boiling 10 per cent. sodium hydroxide. a-Thuja-dicarboxylic acid can be easily esterified in the ordinary way. The dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-pyopyl, diisobzctyl, and diisoumyl esters have been prepared.All are colourless, odourless liquids. The dimethyl and diethyl esters of a-thujadicarboxylic acid give a sodio-derivative, the decomposition products of which are tanaceto-an unknown inactive dicarboxylic acid, C,H,,O,, melting at 150-15 lo. 192. (6 Pentane- and isopentane-UPS-tricarboxylicacids.” By Edward Hope and William Henry Perkin, jun, These acids were prepared for the purpose of comparison with acids which had been obtained by the degradation of some new terpenes which will shortly be described. Ethyl p-cpvnopentane-ap6 tricccrboxylate, C02Et*CH,*C(CN)(C02Et)*CH2*CHMe*C02Et,prepared by the action of ethyl bromoacetate on the sodium derivative of ethyl y-cyano-a- methylglutarate, CO,Et*CH(CN)*CH,=CHMe*CO,Et,distils at about 195--915’/17 mm., and, when digested with dilute sulphuric acid and the resulting crude acid esterified, is converted into ethyl pentane-ap6- tricarboxylate.This ester distils at 178-182’/19 mm., and yields, on hydrolysis, pe~tane-apS-tricarboxyEicmid, CO,H*CH,*CH(C0,H)-which melts at about 158’. Ethyl P-cyanoisopentane-ap6-tricarboxyZate, prepared in a similar manner from ethyl 7-cyano-P-methylglutarate, CO,Et*CH(CN)*CHMe*CH,*CO,Et,and ethyl bromoacetate, distils at about 195--215O/13 mm,,and yields, on hydrolysis and subsequent 179 esterifcation, ethyl isope~tane-a~6-~rical.boxyEnte,which distils at 180-183°/20 mm. isoPentarae-a~6-t~*icccrboxyZicacid, CO,H*CH,*CH(CO,H)*CHMe*CH,*CO,H, melts at about 154-156”.193. “The action of pure air and water on iron and steel.” (Preliminary note.) By John Albert Newton Friend. The electrolytic theory of the corrosion of iron first advanced by Whitney in 1903 has, during the past few years, been received with increasing favour, chiefly because a considerable number of investi-gators, both in this country and in America, have failed to retain iron in a rust-free condition in the presence of liquid water and oxygen. The absence of rust in Moody’s experi-ments is attributed to passivity induced by the chromic acid employed, as also to the presence of alkali dissolved out of the glass vessels containing the iron. The results of the author’s own experi- ments (J.Iron and Steel Inst., 1908, No. 11,5) are explained away in a some-what similar manner (see W. H. Walker, ibid., 1909, No I, 69; and Friend, i3id., 1909, No 11,257). In order to demonstrate the unten-pability of such an explanation, the fol- :1:-=---=I ---------lowing experiment has been devised, ---------X-fl /+KOH--=: ---___ which shows in a remarkably clear and simple manner that pure water and air alone are incapable of effecting the corrosion of pure iron and steel. AE is a hollow cylinder (of iron or steel) closed at one end. The open end is fitted to a tightly fitting rubber stopper bearing two glass tubes, as shown in the figure, and arranged in such a way that cold water can circulate freely through them, The cylinder is well polished with sand-paper, and secured as shown inside a conical flask containing about 150 C.C.of 3N-potassium hydroxide solution. The air is partly removed, and the vessel hermetically sealed at F. The flask is now placed to half its depth in a water-bath at loo”, after having been thoroughly shaken to remove every trace of carbon dioxide from its walls, etc., and a current of cold water passed through AE. The pressure of the air is not sufficiently reduced to allow the potash to boil, nevertheless pure water vapour condenses on AE and drips off, thus slowly washing it free from alkali. 180 After this process has been continued for several days, not a trace of alkali remains on AE, as is readily shown by opening the apparatus and testing with phenolphthalein.Nevertheless, if the iron is pure, it remains quite bright, thus proving that pure water and pure air combined are without action on pure iron. Tn one of the experiments two spots of rust were formed after twenty-four hours at the bend E, although the rest of the metal remained bright for several days when the apparatus was opened. This rusting was undoubtedly due to traces of slag in the metal, for on repeating the experiment, after thoroughly cleaning the iron, two spots of rust formed again in a, precisely similar place. Repetition with a fresh sample of steel gave no rust whatever, 194. (' isoQuinoline derivatives. Part V. The constitution of the reduction products of papaverine " (continued).By Frank Lee Pgman and William Colebrook Reynolds, In Part 11. of this series (Trans., 1909, 95, 1610) one of the authors showed that Goldschmiedt's '(tetrahydropapaverine " was in reality a dihydropapaverine, and termed it " 1 :2-dihydropapaverine," 'In view, however, of the properties of its N-methyl derivative, the constitution of the base is regarded as unsettled. It is proposed to designate it pavi92e. N-Methylpavine is formed together with laudan- osine by the reduction of papaverine methyl salts, and may also be obtained by the methylation of pavine; it is also formed in the oxidation of laudanosine. The further investigation of this compound is in progress. 195. (( The specific rotatory power of hyoscyamine and the relation between that of alkaloids and their salts." By Francis Howard Carr and William Colebrook Reynolds.The specific rotatory power of pure I-hyoscyamine is -222.0" in 50 per cent. ethyl alcohol, whilst that of its basic ion taken in aqueous solutions of the salt is -32.5". Barrowcliff and Tutin (Trans., 1909, 95, 1966) stated that the lower value for the free base was due to racemisation occurring in the process of preparing it from its salts. It is now shown that racemisa- tion does not take place so very readily as supposed by these authors- pure d-and Z-hyoscyamine having [afD-22*O0-but that the specific rotatory power of hyoscyamine and of many other alkaloids differs widely from that of their respective basic ions taken in solution of a salt.181 The free alkaloids behave as though they are not ionised, or only partly so, when dissolved in water or in 50 per cent. ethyl alcohol, tbe nitrogen retaining a triad function. The rotatory power of a number of alkaloids and their salts has been determined, and some observations bearing upon the influence of different solvents have been made, 196. “Experiments on the Walden inversion. Part V. The interconversion of the optically active a-hydroxy-p-phenyl-propionic acids.” By Alex. McKenzie and Henry Wren. The resolution of r-a-hydroxy-p-phenylpropionicacid into its optically active components was described. The displacement of bromine in the active a-bromo-P-phenylpropionic acids by the hydroxy-group has been examined.The interconversion of the optically active a-hydroxy-p-pheuyl-propionic acids has been carried out, thus : OH)*CO,H (by ’‘’$ I-C,H ,*CH,*UHCl*d-CGH,*CH2*OH( CO,H (by CaC03 I (by CaC03 and and water) .f water)I .1 d-C,H5*CH2*CHCl*C02H (by PCkJ Z-CGHS.CH,*CH(O€r).CO,H. This is the first example recorded where phosphorus peritztchloride appears to act abnormally. The isomeric acids, C,~,*CH(OH).CH,-CO,H, C,H,*CH,*CH(OH)*CO,H, and CGH5>C<E&, thus differ from one CH3 another from the point of view of the Walden invwsion. , 197. Carthamine.” By Tokuhei Kametaka and Arthur Cleorge Perkin. It was suggested (Proc., 1909, 25, 223) that carthamine, tho. colouring matter of safflower, possessed the formula Cl,Hl,07, rather than C1,HlGO7,originally assigned to it by Scblieper (Annalen, 1846, 58, 362), but further experiment now indicates that the much higher formulit C2,H,,01, is most probably correct.Carthamine, when dried in the air, crgstallises with 2H,O, gives with dilute alcoliolic potassium acetate the salt C,,H,,O,,K, green, iridescent needles, and an amorphous benzoyl compound, probably C2,H1701,(C7H,0)7,meltiug at 230-23Z0, has been obtained. Although Schlieper obtained a yellow substance, Cl4HI4O0,by boiling carthamine with alcohol, and Radcliff e (J.SOC.Dgers, 1897, 13,159) noticed a similar decomposition, experi- ment has failed to reproduce this. When carthamine is boiled with 182 alcoholic aniline it gives a substance C,,H,,01,,C,H7N, long, yellow needles, melting and decomposing at 276--278’, soluble in alkalis with a yellow colour, and for which the name aniline xccntho-carthaminate is proposed, P-Naphthylamine gives the compound C,,H,,O,, ,CIoH,N, orange leaflets, melting and decomposing at 266-268’, and the corresponding derivative of +-cumidine forms orange leaflets, melting and decomposing at 290’.A molecuIar-weight determination oE carthamine kindly carried out by Dr. Barger by his microscopic method gave M.W. =551, whereas the formula C,,H,,O,, requires M.W. =516. With nitric acid, carthamine gives picric acid. When digested with boiling 50 per cent. potassium hydroxide, it yields p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and by the prolonged action of one per cent.alkali or strong bsryta water is similarly decomposed. Hydrogen peroxide in presence of sodium carbonate also produces p-coumaric acid, and in a similar way the crude methylation product of carthamine yields with hydrogen peroxide, p-methoxycinnamic acid, and probably p-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and with chromic acid, anisaldehyde and anisic acid. 198. ‘‘Note on gynocardin and gynocardase.” By Charles Watson Moore and Frank Tutin. Gynocardinic acid (Trans., 1905, 87, 349), when methylated by means of dry silver oxide and methyl iodide, yields methyZ penta-methylgynocardinate, C,,H,,O,(OMe),* CO,Me, which is a liquid boiling at 220°/15 mm. No definite products could be obtained by the hydrolysis of this methyl derivative.Gynocardin possesses feebly acidic properties, and yields compounds with the alkali metals; the sodium derivative has the formula ~,,H1,O,”a.The action of emulsin and of gynocardase on gynocardin, amygdalin, Z -mandelonitrile glncoside, and salicin has been quantitatively determined. 199. ‘‘ Note on quercitrin.” By Charles Watson Moore. The glucoside quercitrin is usually stated in chemical literature to possess the formula C,,H,,O,,, and its hydrolysis, with the formation of quercetin and rhamnose, has therefore been represented as follows : C,,H,,O,, +H,O= C,,H,o07 +C,H,,O,-It is evident, however, that this equation cannot be correct, inasmuch as it is now known that rhamnose possesses the formula 183 C,K,,05, but that it crystnllises with one molecule of water.Accord-ing to Brauns (hch. Phcirrn., 1904, 242, 561), quercitrin possesses the formula C1,,H200,,,2H,0, and its hydrolysis would therefore take place quite normally by the absorption of one molecule of water as follows : C21H200~l + H2° = C15H1007 -k '(jH12'5* In the course of some experiments on quercitrin it was deemed desirable to confirm the formula assigned to it by Brauns (Zoc. cit.), and in this connexion some other observations concerning the glucoside may be recorded : 1.6548 of air-dried glucoside, when heated at 125", lost 0.1274 H20. H20=7.7. 0.1794 * gave 0.3700 CO, and 0.0734 H20. C =56.2 ; H = 4.5. C2,H,,,O,,,2H,O requires H,O =7.4 per cent;. C21H,,oOll requires C = 56.2 ; H =4.5 per cent.These results are thus seen to be in agreement with the formula assigned to quercitrin by Brauns (Zoc. cit.). The melting points of carefully purified quercitrin have likewise been observed to differ considerably from those recorded in the liter- ature. It has, for example, been stated (compare Brauns, Zoc. cit.) that the air-dried glucoside melts at 174-176", and the anhydrous substance at 168O. The correct melting points are, however, 183-185" and 250-252' respectively. A determination of the specific rotatory power OF the air-dried glucoside gave the following result : 0.2224, made up to 20 C.C. with pyridine, gave aD -1'34' in a 1-dcm. tube, whence [.ID -140.9'. If to an alcoholic solution of quercitrin an excess of sodium ethoxide be added, a trisodium derivative is precipitated.This forms a dark yellow powder, sparingly soluble in cold alcohol : 0.2974 gave 0*0870Na,CO,. Na = 12.9. C21H,7011Nn,requires Na = 13.4 per cent. Attempts to prepare the corresponding methyl derivative from the sodium derivative were unsuccessful, as were also those to obtain a crystalline acetyl or benzoyl derivative of quercitrin. * Anhydrous substance. 184 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Abderhaiden, Emil. [Editor.] Handbuch der biochemischen Arbeits- methoden. Vol. IIJ. ii. pp. 479 to 1368+xxxii. ill. Wien 1910. (Ziecd. 22/4/10.) From the Publishers : Messrs. Urban und Schwarzenberg. Cameron, Alexander I’homas. Kadiochemistry. pp. viii + 174. ill. London 19 10.(Becd. 22/4/ 10.) From the Publishers: Messrs. J. M. Dent and Sons, Damianovich, Horacio. Estudio fisico-quimico y bio quimicn de las mnterias colorantes orghnicas artificiales. pp. xvi + 526. Buenos Aires 1909. (Recd. 16/4/10.) From Professor R. Meldola, F.R.S. Glaister, John. Poisoning by arseniuretted hydrogen or hydrogen arsenide. Its properties, sources, relations to scientific and indust rial operations, symptoms, post-mortem appearances, treatment, and pre- vention. pp. ix+ 279. ill. Edinburgh 1908. (Recd. 18/5/10.) From the Publishers : Messrs. E. & S. Livingstone. Huggins, Sir William. The Royal Society; or, science in the State and in the schools. pp. xv+ 131. ill. London [1906]. (Eecd. 8/4/10.) 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A history of Hindu chemistry from the earliest times to the middle of the sixteenth century A.D.Vol. 11. pp. a-q. + xcvi + 293 + 152+ xxi. Calcutta 1909. (Recd. 22/4/10.) Speter, Max. Lavoisier und seine Vorlaufer. Eine historisch-kritische Studie. (Sammlung, Vol. XV.) Stuttgart 1910. (Red 13/6/10.) Thomson, J.J. The corpuscular theory of matter. pp. vii + 173. ill. London 1907. (Recd. 28/4/10.) Wallach, Otto. Festschrift Otto Wallach zur Erinnerung an seine Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Terpene in den Jahren 1884-1909, iiberreicht von seinen Schiilern. pp. iv + 684. Gattingen 1909. III. Parnjhle ts . Annett, Hui*old Zdward. The nature of the colour of black cotton soil. (From the Meh. Dept. Agric. India, 1910, 1.) Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Reports on dairy investigations at Offerton Hall, County Durham, and in the North of England.pp. 146. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1909. Beck, Karl, Lowe, -, and Stegmiiller, -. Znr Kenntnis der bleihaltigen Glasuren und deren Bleiabgabe an saure Flussigkeiten. (From the Arbeiten. K. Gesundheitsamte, 1910, 3 3 .) Bradley, W.P.,and Hale, C. I”. The nozzle expansion of air at high pressure. (From the Physical RTzgview, 1909, 29.) Breinl, Anton, and Nierenstein, M. Bio-chemical and therapeutical studies on trypanosomiasis. (From the Annals of Tropical Medicine, 1909, 3.) Buckingham, Edgar. The theory of the Hampson liquefier. (From the Bull. Bureau of Standards, 1909, 6.) Burgess, Geovge K. The estimation of the temperature of copper by optical pyrometers. (From the Bull. Bumau of Standards, 1909, 6.) Hewlett, R.Tanner, Villar, Sidney, and Revis, Cecil. On the nature of the cellular elements present in milk. (From the J.Hygiene, 1909, 9.) Hooper, David. The composition of Indian rice. (From the Agric. Ledger, 1908-09.) -Tamarisk manna. (From the J.and Proc. Asiatic Xoc. Bengal, 1909, N.S. 5.) Ingle, Herbert. Cattle-feeding experiments in Britain. A review of over 200 trials made in the years 1833-1908. (From the Trans. Highlund. Agric. SOC.Scotkand, 1909-1 9 10.) Sheep-feeding experiments in Britain. A review of over 190 trials made in the years 1844-1909. (From the Trans.fligldand. Agric. Soc. Scotland, 1910.) Laidlaw, P. 2‘. The active principle OF a Bini spear poison. (From the J. PhysioZ., 1909, 39.) Leather, J. Falter. Water requirements of crops in India.(From the Mem. Dept. Agric. India, 1910, 1.) Liljestrand, G. Zur Kenntnis der Einwirkung einiger Salze auf die motoriachen Nervenstiimme des Frosches. (From the Skand, Archiv. Physiol., 1909, 22.) Mollison, J. Report on the progress of agriculture in India for 1907-09. pp. 80. Calcutta 1909. New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Chemistwg division Report, 1909. Wellington 1909. 187 Polenske, Educcrd. Beitrag zur Fet tbestirnmung in Nahrungs-mitteln. (From the Arbeiten. K. Gesundheitsarnte, 1910, 33.) Senier, AIfred. Two Academic Addresses : A visit to Giessen, and Bonn on the Rhine. 2nd edition, pp. 45. Dublin 1910. -The University and technical training. pp. 39. Dizblin 1910 Stewart, J. Report on experiments with potatoes, 1909.pp. 12. Edinburgh 1910. Tibbals, Chcwles Austin. A study of tellurides. (From the BUZZ. Univ. Wisconsin, Sci.Ser., 1909, 3.) Tuveri, 8. Sull’ azione del torio sul cuore normale ed in degenerazione grassa. (From the Arc?&. Farm. sper. Sci. afini. 1909, 8.) Waidner, C. W,, and Burgess, G. K. Platinum resistance thermometry at high temperatures. (From the Bull. Bureau of Standards, 1909, 6.) BANQUET TO PAST PRESIDENTS. The Banquet (postponed from May 26th) will be held at the Savoy HoteI (Embankment Entrance) on Friday, November llth, 1910, at 7 €or 7.30 p.rn., in honour of the following Past Presidents who have attained their Jubilee as Fellows of the Bociety : Served as Elected President Prof.William Odling, F.R.S. ... ... 1848 1873-1875. The Rt. Hon. Sir Henry E. Roscoe, F.R.S. 1855 1880-1882. Sir William Crookea, F.R.S. ,.. ... I857 1887-1889. Dr. Hugo Muller, F.R.S. . . . ... ... 1859 1885-1887, Dr. A. G. Vernon Hztrcourt, F.R.S. ... 1859 1895-1897. The price of tickets mill be One Guinea (31 1s.) each (including wine), or Half-a-Guinea (10s. 6d.) each (not including wine). All applicutions for tickets must be received not later than Rridcty, iVovembeg*4th) 1910. Tickets will be forwarded t:, Fellows on receipt of a remittance for the number required, made payable to “MT.S. E. Carr,” and addressed to the Assistaiit Secretary, Chemical Society, Burlington PIouse, IT, 188 THE LIBRARY. The Library mill be closed for Stocktaking from Monday, August 8th, until Saturday, August 20th, I!) 10, inclusive.Fellows are pmticulsrly reqnestotl to rctiirn all Library Eooks in their possession not later tlinn Wednesday, August 3rd. LIST OF FELLOWS, 1910. The List of Fellows for 1910 is now in active preparation, and changes of address received after 30th June cannot be included in it, In order that the new list may be as complete as possible, those Fellows whose degrees and Christian names do not appear in full are requested to commiinicate them to the Assistant Secretary. ERRATA. PROCEEDINGS,1910. Page Line 91 5* fop (‘2-methyl-1:3-benzoxazine-4-one” read “ 2-methyl-1:3-dihydrobenzoxazine-4-one.”149 6 for ‘‘ [the late] James Campbell Brown ” read ‘([the late] James Campbell Brown and John Smeath Thomas.” .* From helow. H. CLAY ANI) SONS, I,Tl)., 1tKEhD Sl’.1111.1., E.C., AND LIIJNCAY, SUYY0L.K.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9102600161
出版商:RSC
年代:1910
数据来源: RSC
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