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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 26, No. 377 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 26,
Issue 377,
1910,
Page 257-320
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摘要:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. 26. No. 377. THE BANQUET TO PAST PRESIDENTS. The Banquet to the Past Presidents who have been Fellows for half a century :-Odling, William, M. A,, M.B.,Ph.D., F.R.S. . . . , . . . . . Roscoe, The Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Enfield, B.A., D.C.L., LL.D., Ph.D., M.D., D.Sc., F.It.53. . . Crookes, Sir William, O.M., D.Sc., LL.D, F.R.S. . . . . . . Muller, Hugo, Ph.D., LL.D., D.Sc., P.R.S. . . , . . . . . . Harcourt, Augustus George Vernon, M.A.,D.Sc.,D.C.L.,LL.D.,F.R.S. mas held at the Savoy Hotel, on Elected Presidmt January 17,1848 . 1873-1875 December 17, 1855. 1880-1882. December 3, 1857. 1887-1889. February 3, 1859 . 1885-1887. February 3, 1859 . 1895-1897. Friday, November llth, 1910, Professor Harold B.Dixon, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following Fellows and guests were present :-Aclsnd, Dr. T. Dyke.Ampt, Alr. G. Angel, Mr. A. Armstrong, Dr. E. F. Armstrong, Prof. H. E., F,R.S. Astbury, Mr. J., K.C. Baggallay, blr. F. T. Baker, Dr. H. B., F.R.S. Baker, Rfr. J. L. Ball, Dr. W. C. Barger, Dr. G. Barlow, Mr. W., F.R.S. Bayliss, Mr. R.. T. Ben’e, Blr. W. P., K.C., M.Y. 268 Ikdson, Prof. 1’. P. Beer, Mr. J. J. Reilby, Dr. G. T., F.R.S., President,Institute of Chemist?-y.Berncastle, Mr. R. Bevnn, Mr. E. J. Black, llr. F. W., Director of AacgContracts. Boettinger, hlr. W.von. Bone, Prof. W. A., F.R.S. Bonney, Rev. Canon 1’. G., F.R.S., President, British Association. Bradford, Dr.J. R., Secretary, Boyal Society.Crowning, Prof. K. C. Buzkley, Rt. Hon. Lord Justice. Buckmaster, Mr. C. A. Buckmaster, Dr. G. A. Burgess, Mr. W. T. Burnham, Mr. J. C. Butlin, Mr. H. T., President, BoyalCollege of Surgeons.Eywaters, Dr. H. W. Cain, Dr. J. C., Editor. Cam, Rlr, S. E.,Assistaiit-Secretary.Chapman, Mr. A. C. Chapman, Mr. D. 1,. Chattanay, Dr. F. D., F.R.S. Church, Sir A. H., K.C.V.O., P.R. S. Clifford, Mr. F. W., Librarzan. Clowes, Prof. F. Cohen, Prof. J. B. Colman, Dr. H. G. Connah, Mr. J. Cooke, Mr. 1%. Cooper, Mr. Albert. Cowap, Mr. M. D. Cowland, Mr. J. A. Crichtm-Browne, Sir J., Treasurer, Royal Institution. Cripps, 3111..R. S. Crookes, Mr. H. Crookcs, Sir William, O.M., F.R.S.cross, Mr. c. F. Ciwssley, Prof. A. W., F.K.S., EomwargSccretary.Dewsr, Sir James, F.R.S. Divers, Dr. E., F.R.S. Dixon, Prof. 13. B., F.R.S., The Pre-sident. Dixon, Rlr. S. W. Dixon, Dr. W. E. Dobbie, Prof. J. J., F.R.S. Dorde, Dr. C. Drage, Dr. L. Dunstan, Prof. W. R., F.R.S. Durrans, Mr. T. H. Dyer, Dr. B. Dyniond, Mr. T. 8. Edgar, Mr. C. B., Deputy Chniyman of Convocation,Lo?zdot~Univemitg. Egerton, Mr. A. C. G. Eydc, Herr Gcneraldirektor 5. Fergiis011, Yrof. J. Findlay, Dr. A. Yorsey, Sir John, Director of A’aual Stores. Furster, Dr.‘M. O., F.R.S. Foster, Prof. G. Carey, F.R.S. Foucar, Mr. J. L. Fowles, Mr. G. Fratnpton, Sir George, R.A. Frankland, Dr. E. P. Frankland, Yrof.P. F., F.R.S. Freear, Mr. H. 51. Gardner, Rlr. J A. Garton, Sir ltichard. Geikie, Sir Archibald, F.R.S., Presidelit, Royal Socicty.Gilling, Mr. C. Glazebrook, Dr.IR. T., F.R.S., Director,n’ational Phpicnl Laboruto7.y.Could, Sir Y. Carruthers. Greenaway, Mr, A. J., Sub-Edilor. Griffiths, Mr. T. Groves, Mr. C. E., F.R.S. Gwyuiie, UP. H. A. Haas, Dr. P. Hall, Mr. A. D., F.R.S. Haller, Prof. A., President de In SociLLlB Chimique de France. Hnrcourt, Rlr. A. G. V., F.R.S. Hartley, Mr. H. I).Hartog, Mr. P. J. Hatch, Sir Ernest, Bart, M.P. 1Samurtl1, Mr. JV. N. Heath, Mr. J. W. Hennings, Dr. C. R. Hill, Rlr. C. A. Hinchley, Mr. J. W. Hiuks, Mr. E. Hodgkinson, Prof. W.R. E. Holloway, Mr. G. T. Hooper, Mr. E. G.Howard, hTr. I). Hobvard, Mr. T. Hurtley, l)r. IT. 13. Ionides, Mr. A. C. Jacksoii, Prof. H. Jeyes, Mr. S. H. Jowett, Dr. H. A. D. Ralin, Mr. H. Iieane, Dr. C. A. Keith, MY.S., dfaster of the Skinned Compnny.Kemp, Mr. W. J. Keogh, Sir Alfred, Xectcr, Imperial Cdl, of Science and Technology.Kettle, Mr. J. D. Kinch, Prof. E. King, Mr. A. J. Kipping, Prof. F. S., F.R.S, Ihowles, Mr. J. Lalikester, Sir B. Ray, K.C.B.,F. R. S. Larmor, Sir J., F.R.S., Secretary, lioyalSociety.Lauder, Dr. A. Legge, Dr. T. M. Lessing, Dr. K. Le Sueiir, Dr. H. R. Lewkowitsch, Dr. J. Liversidge, Dr. A,, F.R.S. Lowry, Dr. T. M. Lupton, Mr. S. Macara, hlr. T. Macdonald, Mr. George. MacEwan, Mr. P. McGowsn, Dr. G.McKenzie, Dr. A. Macnab, Mr. TIT. Martin, Mr. N. H. Masson, Prof. D. O., F.R.S. Nsther, Rt. Hon. Sir W. Ikleldola, Prof. R., F.R.S. Merrinian, Mr. R. W. illessel, Dr. R. Miers, Dr. H. A., F.R.S., Principat,Loitdon University.Idillard, Mr. E. J. Miller, Mr. J. B. Mond, Sir Alfred, Bart., M.P. Aloud, Mr. R. L. Moody, Dr. G. T. Morgan, Dr. G. T., Eonornry Secretary.Morley, Dr. H. F. Mortimer, Mr, A. Muller, Dr. H., F.R.S. Murphy, Mr. P. Nagel, Mr. D. H. Northumberland, His Grace the Duke of, President, Royal Inatitulion. Odling. Prof. W., F.R.S. Odling, Mr. 31. Orton, Prof. K. J. P. Yearce, Mr. W ., hl. P. Pedler, Sir Alexander, C.I.E., F.R.S. Yeudlebury, Mr. W. H. Perkin, Prof. W. H., F.R.S. Philip, Dr.J. C. Pickering, Wr. S., F.R.S. Yilcher, Mr. R. E., A'egistrar, Imlitzite of Chemistry.Plinimer, Mr. R. H. A. Pope, Prof. W. J., F.R.S. Power, Dr. F. B. l'oynting, Prof, J. H., F.R.S. Pullar, Mr. R. D. Ramsav. Sir William. K.C.B., RR.8. Redmobd, Sir Boverton. Reid, Mr. W. F., President, Xociety of Chemical Indtsstrv. Eeynolds, Prof. J. E.,"F.R.S, Biley-Smith, Mr. H. H., Presidepat,Institate of Brewing. Roberts, Mr. A. C4 Robertson, Dr. R. Ross, Mr. J. C. Rowett, Mr. J. 0. ltiicker, Sir Arthur, F.R.S. Rutherford, Prof. E., F.R.S. Sach, Mr. C. F. Salamon, Mr. A. G. Samuel, Rt. Hon. H. L., M.P., Fost-master-Gexeral. Scott, Dr. A., F.R.S., HomrccryTreasurcr. Seaton, Dr. E. C. Senier, Prof. A. Senter, Dr. G.Shaw, Mr. W. 13. Sidgwick, Dr. N. V. Sinnett, Mr, A, P. Sniee, Mr. J. H., Prime Warden of the Dyers' Company.Smith, Mr. H. W. Smith, Mr. R. T. Smithells, Prof. A., F.R.S. Spielmann, Dr. P. E. Spiller, Mr. J. Spiller, Mr. W. Strathcona, Rt. Hon. Lord, F.R.S., Chancellor, University of Aberdeen. Struthers, Mr. R. de J. F. Sullivan, Mr. J. F. Swinburne, ilk. J., President, FaradayS'ociety.Teall, Dr. J. J. H., Direetor of the Geolog icnI Xurvey. Tcdder, Sir Arthur J. Teed, Dr. F. L. Thomas, Mr. R. N. G. Thompson, Principal S. P., F.R.S. Thomson, Prof. J. &I., F.R.S. Thomson, Mr. W. Thorne, Dr. L. 1'. Thorpe, Sir Edward, C.B., F.R.S. Thorpe, Dr. J. F., F.R.S. Tilden, Sir William A., F.R.S. Townsend, Mr. F.H. Townshend, Col. 0. R. Tutton, Dr. A. E. H., F,R.S. Tyrer, Mr. Thomas. Umney, Mr. J. C. Van Essen, Mr. E. C. Van Essen, Mr. Jacob. Veley, Dr. V. H., F.R.S. Voelcker, Mr. E. W., President, Society of Public Analysts.Voelcker, Dr. J. A. Wade, Dr. J. Walden, Mr. A. F. Wallach, Prof. Dr. O., Prasident der Deutschen Chemisehen GeselZ-schaft. Waller, I)r. A. D., F.E.S. Walmsley, Dr. R. M. 260 Warner, Mr. C. H. Williams, Prof. W. Carleton. Watts, Prof. W. W., President, Gco-Wolfe-Barry, Sir J., F.R.S. , Chniman, logical Society. Exccutice Conzinittce of fhe City and Wayland, Mr. W. A. Guilds of Loitdon I’izslilute. West, Dr. Samuel H. Worsle~,Mr. P. J. Williams, Mr. J. Arthisr. Wynne, Prof. W. P., F.R.S. The following toasts were proposed by the PRESIDENT:-‘‘ HIS MOSTGRACIOUS Tim KING.” MAJESTY THEQUEENAND QUEENALEXANDRA,“THEIRMAJESTIES HIS ROYAL HIUHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, AND THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE ROYALFAMILY.” THE PASTPRESIDENTS.” The PRESIDENT:“Alt.hough I believe in the general truth of Thackeray’s dictum that public speaking after dinner ought to be done-like the carving-by a skilful person at a side-table, still there are occasions when the heart itself must speak, however unskilful the utterance, for is it not true that ‘‘ All hearts in love use their own tongues, And trust no agent ” ? I know I utter something of that which is in the hearts of all our Fellows to-night when I offer to you, our honoured Past Presi- dents, in the name of the Chemical Society, our sincere and loving congratulations on your Jubilee as Fellows; and where I fail, as fail I must, to express the thoughts that are stirring in each of us-conarnur tenues grandia!-I trust that failure will be put down to the difficulties of the task and to the imperfections of the instrument, and not to any lack of loyalty to my teachers, and not to any want of appreciation of their achievements or of gratitude for the friendships they have given me.On the one occasion that forms a precedent for this celebration (curiously enough, it was Friday, November llth, 1898), the distinguished President of that day was able, with the perfervid imagination of the Scot,, to classify the past presidents into two divisions-the imperial and the merely regal-and so discussed them more or less en bloc and impersonally.Chemists, like other men, have their peculiarities. I have heard myself and my students branded as (( anhydrous chemists ” ;I have heard another school maintain that water is (‘the only begetter” of chemical action, and I am told there are even chemists who look on wine when it is red and can see in that colour nothing but the evidence of a puinonoa structure. But I cannot find in our past presidents any common peculiarities by which I might labe1 them, any natural 261 groups into which I can divide them. At our last matriculation examination I set some question on the halogens, and received as an answer from a young lady: ‘‘Chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a very active set of chemicals, so active, indeed, that they are classed under the name of the Hooligans.” Perhaps if our policy had been different towards those peris who have been knocking at the gate of our chemical paradise, a more imaginative president in my place would have had no difficulty in classifying or in attaching an appropriate label to the very active set of chemicals ” whose health we are toasting.As it is, I must be personal and therefore discriminating in my praise, and you will readily understand that it is no easy matter to make discriminaking and impartial remarks about, and in the presence of, one’s seniors-especially when one was my university professor and examiner and another was my college tutor.I should be happy if I could reach the impartiality of the dying Irishman, who cried: “Bury me between my two wives, but-wisht, bhoys- push me just a bit nearer to Biddy? ” The Society is fortunate to contain on its roll of members twenty- four fellows of over fifty years’ standing. To all of these we shall waft our greetings when we drink this toast. Of these Jubilee Fellows we have among us to-night-besides our past Presidents- Sir A. H. Church (elected 1856), George Carey Foster (elected 1856), P. J. Worsley (elected 1858), John SpilIer (elected 1859), and Edward Divers (elected 1860). One name we had originally hoped to include among the Jubilee Past Presidents, that of the late W. J. Russell; but it was not to be.And another, G. D. Liveing (elected 1853) would have been among the living Presidents had his health been stronger. I cannot read to you all (or even a selection from) the numerous friendly greetings sent by our colleagues from Europe and America. Luckily we have with us, in the President of the French Chemical Society, Professor Haller, and in the President of the German Chemical Society, Professor Wallach, representatives who can tell us with no uncertain voice what European science owes to the labours of our Jubilee Presidents. ‘IBut one short passage from a letter, headed Washington,” I will read to you: “I am sure that I speak the feelings of all American chemists when I say that your guests more than deserve all the honour that can be shown them.Each one has made his permanent mark upon the history of chemical science, and will be remembered so long as chemistry is studied. Each one has been a source of inspiration to American chemists, and is as well known here as in his own 262 home-perhaps better known if perspective counts for anything. When details vanish the great realities can be seen. With regrets for my absence, and congratulations to the Society and ita guests, Yours sincerely, FRANK CLARKE.WIGGLESWORTH (1) RIGHTHON.SIR HENRYROSCOE. Fifty-five years ago Henry Enfield Roscoe was elected a Fellow of this Society, and read his first paper ‘*On the Absorption of Chlorine by Water.” The “sport,” or, in modern terms, the “ mutation,” of a literary family, he will, I hope, tell us how the chemist in him was rough-hewn by Alexander Williamson, and how Bunsen shaped the ends-of his fingers.The early years of his manhood he spent with Bunsen at Heidelberg, designing and elaborating that beautiful apparatus for measuring the chemical intensity of light which has been the model for all subsequent investigators. At twenty-five, already known as a brilliant experimentalist, he WM elected to the Chair of Chemistry at Manchester. He came to Owens College in the darkest hour of her fortuaee. Gifted with energy and courage, and above all with the power of seeing and drawing out what is good in others, Roscoe not only built up a great school, but he convinced his countrymen that a scientific education must be the corner-stone of our national industry.To be a successful professor in a struggling university, the professor must be-m Mrs. Ram said of Cksar’s wife--“ all things to all men.” I believe one of the secrets of Roscoe’s success lay in his many-sidedness. The man who, in the intervals of teaching, tracked down the true vanadium, and in doing so gave order and meaning to the nitrogen group of elements, that man could turn aside from his researches to design and equip the largest laboratories of the time, could conceive and initiate a scheme which in its natural growth is within measurable distance of giving a university to every great city in the land. Just twenty-four years ago it was my happy fortune to follow Roscoe at Owens, to breathe the atmosphere he had created, to know something of the devotion with which he wmlooked up to, to feel something of the stimulus which his presence radiated; and this I think I can truly say, that to his disciples the man was even more than his achievementa.However much his students admire him as a researcher, however much they revere him as a teacher, it is his personality they most deeply cherish. The friend 263 who stood by them through evil report and good report, the heart that warmed to them, and the head that studied and understood them, these make up the memory of Roscoe that will be his proudest monument, and their lifelong possession. (2) SIR WILLIAMCROOKES. Of Sir William Crookes it might be said that somewhere in that fourth state of matter he was the first to explore he found the elixir vitz, the secret of perpetual youth.It is close on sixty years ago since Hofmann’s youthful assistant described to the Chemical Society a new class of bodies-the selenocyanides. Just on fifty years ago the same youth gave us the new element thallium. Again, after some dozen years filled with a variety of experiments, he set our brains whirling with the radiometer, and started with unabated enthusiasm to explore the (( chemical vacuum ” and to measure the heat of (( molecular shock.” This led to the spectroscopy of radiant matter and of phosphorescent bodies-work of such refinement that when, twenty years later, argon and afterwards helium were dis-covered, it was, of course, only natural that these refractory gases should be sent to Crookes’ youthful eye to have their lines read and duly mapped.Five years ago the brain that had penetrated the witchery of the opal’s colouring turned its searchlight on the diamond, and the mystery of its formation was made plain to all men. For fifty years the rare earths have been his happy hunting grounds ;only yesterday that elusive metal, scandium, was rounded up by Crookes, separated from the impurities of its wild companions and made to mate with numerous respectable organic wives. On Crookes as an experimental lecturer the mantle of Faraday has fallen. No one, since the master, has come so near the mar- vellous in experiment ;no one has awakened the imagination with more inspiring touch.I well remember hearing him lecture on the radiometer-I thinli in 1874: I ought to remember it, for it enabled me next day to pass my first viva voce examination in science-very much to the surprise of my friends. The examiner had not seen the radiometer, and I managed to get him to take such an interest in its pre ceedings that he forgot to plough me. Again, at Sheffield in 1879, I listened to the wonderful lecture on Radiant Matter. I thought the brilliancy of experiment could go no further; but since then I ha.ve been with Sir William in South Africa and seen the men of Kimberley-men who knew something about the subject-so carried away by his lecture on diamonds that they demanded that 264 the lect’ure should be repeated, and, needless to say, this young man repeated it.I know not what new experimental triumphs Sir William C’rookes is contemplating; but this I know, he wears not only the order “For Merit,” but a talisman with the motto, (‘Youth will be served.” (3) HUGOM~~LLER. Among the many services which Hofmann rendered to English chemistry and to England, a high place must be claimed for his introduction of Hugo Muller to our former President, Warren de la Rue. Pupil of Erdmann at Leipzig, of Wohler at Gottingen, and of Liebig at Munich, Hugo Muller came to London in 1854 to investigate the chemistry of Burmese naphtha in the laboratory of de la Rue and Co. The young chemist soon found work to his hand in that great factory which required the highest chemical skill and knowledge and the most laborious experiments to carry through; his success was marked by the adoption of many of the processes he discovered or improved. The electrotyping process and lithographic printing were by Muller’s labours brought into practical use; for years everyone who fingered a banknote or stuck a postage stamp on a letter came unconsciously into personal contact with Hugo Muller’s work.Engrossed as he was in these technical investigations, he yet found time to prosecute what is called pure chemistry-as ours and many other Journals bear witness. He was no specialist. He was equally expert in mineral analysis, crystallography, organic synthesis, and the nature of the electric discharge.And his interest in chemistry is as keen bday as it ever was. I believe he cannot help it-his curiosity is insatiable. It used to be said that no new discovery in chemistry was accepted on the word of the discoverer; that the experiment was sure to be repeated in some other laboratory, and either confirmed or disproved. I did not believe this until I knew Hugo Muller- now I do. Men have been raising in London a temple to Science and Technology. If they should seek to enshrine in it a tutelary deity, they need not erect a double-headed Janus to look this way and that, but they might well model a statue from a living man who, looking straight before him, sees science and technology as one and indivisible: that man is our Past President, Hugo Muller.265 (4)A. G. VERNONHARCOURT. To Augustus George Vernon Harcourt my lifelong gratitude is due; for the fact that I a.m addressing you to-night from this honourable chair is entirely his doing. He found me an outcast from the classical fold, with no shred of scientific covering, and- rather ashamed. He took me to his laboratory and gave me a new interest in life and a career. There was no care that Harcourt would not lavish on his pupils, no minutiae of manipulation he would not repeat again and again to us. He npted all slovenliness with a watchful eye, and woe betide the wretch who spilt a drop of mercury! To this day I cannot pass a student’s bench, where a speck of mercury lingers, without feeling in my pocket for a letter or a postcard, doubling one end of it like the bow of a boat, and scooping up the truant drop into my paper shovel.I commend the method-it is Harcourt’s own; or did he learn it from Brodie or Faraday ? Perhaps he will tell us to-night. No one could be long in the old laboratory at Christ Church under Harcourt without being fascinated by those wonderful experiments of his on the velocity of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen iodide, which came as a revelation to the world of science. I shall never forget the first day I was privileged to assist in these experiments, and was set to watch the colourless liquid in its tall cylinder standing by the seconds-beating clock. If all went well, I was told, the blue colour would appear after an interval, I think, of two hours, fifteen minutes, and eleven seconds- and I must time its appearance to the tick of a second.As the afternoon wore on and the unexpected did not happen, I confess there were monients when I did not feel as “ One in whom persuasion and belief Had ripelied into faith.” But when t>he second came, and in the twinkling of an eye the blue colour spread through the liquid, I knew I had found the true scientific faith, and that my life was settled for me. I have heard physicists declare that if they were transported to Mars they would be able to reconstruct there the unit of length from the wave-length of sodium light. Could not we also under- take, if this Society were dumped down on a planet, whose period of rotation and gravity differed from ours, to reconstruct the second, the minute, and the hour by the aid of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen iodide, and of “ Harcourt and Esson ” ? I know many of Harcourt’s old students, and I know they feel with me that, whatever advance towards truth and accuracy they 266 may have achieved, they owe it to the teaching and example of him whose one aim has been to seek truth and ensue it.(5) WILLIAMODLING. At his own desire I speak last of the doyen of our science, to whom all younger chemists owe a debt of gratitude, though possibly some of us may be unconscious of the magnitude of that debt. We have only to turn up the texbbooks of fifty years ago and compare them with a certain ‘‘ Manual of Chemistry-descriptive and theoretical,” and with other books inspired by the New Chemistry, to see the marvellous change in the order, the meaning, and the correlation of chemical facts wrought by the “New Chemistd ” quorum pars magna fzLit-?Villiam Odling.His work profoundly influenced the views of his contemporaries. He himself has told us that in the earlier days of the Society, when he was a Secretary, papers were few but discussions were numerous ; there is ample evidence to prove-if proof were wanting-that in those dis- cussions no one put the new arguments more directly, more clearly, or more cogently than Odling. What impressed me most when I listened to him, a few years later, was his extraordinary clearness of vision. It was this power of seeing things as they really are that made him seem a prophet.Let me give three instances that fastened themselves on my memory. He saw at once the meaning of Andrews’ experiments on ozone, and predicted the formula 0,, the formula proved by the later researches of Soret and of Brodie; he saw in hydrogen-not a volatile metal-but “the vanishing point of the hydrocarbons”; he saw in benzene-not a ring of carbon atoms in a planebut two groups, each of three carbon atoms touching one another, one group resting on the other in space, nearly as Pope and Barlow teach to-day. One other personal instance of prophetic vision I may mention in confidence: Odling examined me for honours, and (how he did it I don’t know, for I knew next to nothing at the time) he gave me a first-class.Did he foresee this occasion? Perhaps he saw I had faith-and faith has been defined as “the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.” Gentlemen, I know you all rejoice with me that we still have with us Odling, our interpreter and prophet, and we will take care that he shall not be without honour even in his own country. My Lords and Gentlemen,-I give you the health of our Past Presidents, The Right Hon. Sir Henry E. Roscoe, Sir William Crookes, Dr. Hugo Muller, Mr. A. G. Vernon Earcourt, and Professor William Odling.” 26’7 [In Sir Henry E. Roscoe’s absence, owing to indisposition, the President read the following reply.] E.ROSCOE:THE RIGHTRON.SIR HENRY “Old age has its compensations amidst its many drawbacks. To the man of science one of the chief of these compensations is the kindly appreciation which is paid by the younger workers to those whose most active life-work is over. Such an appreciation the Chemical Society gives us tcmight, and this it is which cheers one in our latter days, for, after all, it is the approbation and regard of one’s fellow-workers in science which is the great reward. Then comes memory. The recollection of the great men whom it has been one’s good fortune to have known. The friendships which during the vaxied course of life one has made. The examples which such men have set before one; and even if the comparison of the great things which they have accomplished in science may far outshine one’s own efforts, yet to have worked for the same end and to have won only a small prize is something to be grateful for.To-night our thoughts naturally turn to the distinguished men who have been our Presidents-thirty-one in number. I have known them all with the exception of two (Aikin and Phillips). This is not the occasion nor the place to enlarge upon, or even to mention, the scientific work accomplished by our past Presidents. Indeed, any such account would be unfitting, seeing that you all are as well acquainted with that work as I am. I may, however, be permitted to recall some few reminiscences of those with whom I have come into more intimate personal contact, and such recollections may be of interest, as to most of you many of our past Presidents are merely names with certain scientific labels attached to them.Our first President-Thomas Graham (1841-43, 184547)-was my master. From his lips I first heard a connected account of our science. His lectures were clear and logical; his experimental illustrations carefully prepared and always successful. He was no orator, nor was he a striking personality, but his students recognised at once in him a master mind; his influence over them was great, and I, for one, shall always feel gratitude to him as my first great teacher. Next to Graham, and perhaps before him in the influence exerted on myself, comes Williamson (1863-65, 1869-71), a man of a, totally different race and character.Graham was a cool and dour Scot, and he was not a laboratory teacher. Williamson brought to London the enthusiasm of Paris and of Giessen, and was essentially a laboratory man. Every day he came down to his laboratory brimful of new ideas, and fired the young blood of his studenta with the notion that to be a chemist was the grandest thing in life. We were all of us as keen as mustard. We revelled in atomic motion; we thought no end of the four typical forms HCl, H@, H,N, H,C, and we were enamoured of the compound ethers, and even now, after fifty years, I could select by smell a sample of the seven carbon ethers from amongst a hundred other volatile compounds. And now you must excuse me if I refer to a personal matter.Hitherto I have abstained from allusion to such matters, because I am speaking rather as an ex-President and as a representative-at least, for the moment-of my four brethren whom you honour together with myself. I have often thought that it might have been more natural if, as a pupil and assistant of Mrilfiamson, I had gone to Paris instead of to Heidelberg. I might then have had a chance of continuing the line of research which Williamson inaugurated, and which Laurent, Gerhardt and Wurtz carried further, such, for example, as the discovery of the anhydrides-a discovery which, indeed, Williamson might have made had he not overlooked the existence of the compound which he afterwards termed chloride of ethyl, now known as acetyl chloride.The name and fame of Bunsen were, however, too powerful an attraction to be resisted, and in Heidelberg I found myself in an entirely different atmosphere. Bunsen was not, like Williamson, a “ theoretiker ” ; “ one chemical fact is worth a host of theories,” he used to say. So I became a follower of the great Heidelberg teacher, but only up to a certain point, for Williamson’s influence made me an active disciple of what we then termed the new chemistry, in which Bunsen was not a leader. Enthusiasm such as Williamson possessed is exhibited in many forms, and in every walk of life makes for success. No great teacher, no great worker in science, creates a school or does epoch- making work without this celestial fire.Williamson possessed it. Re did not trouble himself much in grounding us in exact experi- mentation; I learned that afterwards from Bunsen. But he did more. He set us the example of what it is to be a Forscher ”-of a man in hot pursuit of the unknown. If he did not always gain his goal, his successes were great, and his consequent influence has been signal and lasting, not only on those who were fortunate enough to benefit from his example and to enjoy his friendship, but on the chemical world at large. Perhaps of wider and more public renown was Hofmann (1861-63). He raised the tone of English opinion as to the position which chemistry must hold in the body politic. He gained a respect for chemical research amongst the higher classes of society in this 269 country which had hitherto been but slightly acknowledged. And he was a born expositor in a language foreign to his own.I shall never forget a lecture delivered by him in the old lecture theatre in Faraday’s laboratory down in the cellars of the Royal Institution on the early wonders of the coal-tar colour industry. It was, indeed, an incalculable loss to British chemistry when he was called back to the fatherland. Then there comes before my mind’s eye the face and figure of my dear friend Brodie (1859-61), a devoted worEer in our science-a man whose heart was set upon promoting the cause of science at Oxford, and open to all progressive ideas, both scientific and educational. Frankland (1871-73) was my predecessor at Owens.He is another of the Uei rnajores of our Presidents, for he,like Williamson -and, may I add, like Odling ?-laid a foundation stone of Modern Chemistry. Then follow the names-the respected, well-known names-of De la Rue (1867-68,1879-80) ;Abel (1875-77) ;Gladstone (1877-79) ; Gilbert (1882-83); and last, but not least, Perkin (1883-85) and Russell (1889-91). These good friends are happy memories to all of us. They “their tasks have done, home have gone and ta’en their wages.” All were remarkable in their several direct.ions-all distinguished by their love of the science and by their devotion to the welfare of the Society. Of our living ex-Presidents, and of our distinguished Chairman, I will not speak, except to say that they hold (and in this I am vain enough to place myself) in the esteem and regard of the Fellows a position equal to that which we all assign to the memory of those who have gone before.If Britain has held and continues to hold a high position in the science of chemistry-and who shall say, in looking back at our history, that her claim tir the first place is unfounded?-I think it equally true that the names of our Presidents are those of good men and true who have worthily sustained the high position of representatives of British chemistry, and of whom the Society may well be proud. As for the Society itself I have watched, from near and.far-farther now than nearer, I am sorry to think-it.s rise and develop- ment for more than half a century, and you will agree with me when I say that at no former period has it shown more life and done more to advance our science than it is doing at the present moment, For myself, I thank you all from the bottom of my heart for the honour you have done me. This will remain a red-letter day with me to the end of my life.” 270 SIR WILLIAM CROOKES: (‘A retrospect-a long retrospect-ought to make me melancholy.But to-night, as I stand before you, I feel elated, not depressed. ( What more felicitie can fall to creature ’ than to realise the wild dreams of Youth. It has been accorded Lo me, for more than two generations, to devote myself amid happy surroundings to the magic work of original research in chemistry and the allied sciences.Work, I have always found, is its own exceeding great reward, and now to-night there is the added reward of your approval. But to reach one’s Chemical Jubilee is not altogether a matter for joy-bells. When Bret Harte was felicitated on his fiftieth anniversary, he replied that he could under- stand a man shooting at his best friend from behind a hedge-but he could not understand how anyone could congratulate him on being fifty! We can all recall Tyndall’s invocation to the Scientific Use of the Imagination.’ Tyndall was right. I may truly say that what success I have achieved in science I owe to imagination. It has helped me to track anomalies and residual phenomena, for these most frequently act as finger-posts along the high road of research, directing those who can interpret their symbols to bye-ways where lurk the mysteries.An inward prescience, a grasp of events before they occur, is indispensable to pure abstract research. But it must be used with judgment, for a preconceived idea is a dangerous travelling companion to a researcher. An eminent French chemist once warned his pupils that in scientific research, unless they were careful indeed, they would generally find what they looked for ! But not only are anomaIies finger-posts-they sometimes perform more active * functions. Frequently they are responsible for what Huxley called ‘The great tragedy of science’-the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. I fear the radiometer has been guilty of more than one tragedy of this kind.But the whirligig of time brings its revenges, and my friend, Sir James Dewar, by his researches on high vacua and low temperature, now threatens to kill the radiometer ! I will take a brief glance backwards. My old master and dear friend Hofmann first started me on the road of research. About the year 1850 he proposed I should commence an investigation on the (( Selenocyanides,” using for this purpose some selenium I had extracted from seleniferous residues he had brought from Tilkerode. The result of this research was published in 1851 in the Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society. When first I entered the Royal College of Chemistry, Liebig was in the height of his fame; his ‘Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture’ would be a useful text-book to-day.In this book 271 was first declared the importance-nay, the absolute necessity-of mineral matter and nitrogen to the well-being of the vegetal organism. Long and fierce were the controversies aroused by Liebig’s views of the absorption of nitrogen from the air. Partisan-ship was keen; as a pupil of Hofinann, I naturally studied the subject in connexion with our food supply, and my interest continues to this day. Our food depends on agriculture, and as the available wheat lands of the world inevitably contract, the economical cultivation of the soil becomes more and more a question of chemistry. At the Bristol meeting of the British AssociFtion in 1898, I reopened the nitrogen question, not with a view to produce what has been called a (cosmic scare,’ but to show how by the application of known physical and chemical reactions, the shortage of fixed nitrogen, and consequently of wheat, can be overcome.One of the first analyses I performed at the College of Chemistry was that of the mineral cerite. The rare earths-my first, but not my only love-were then represented by ceria, lanthana, didymia, yttria, erbia, and terbia, and a specimen of yttria extracted from this cerite first gave me a key, thirty-three years later, to the citron band which then was haunting my laboratory. Soon after Schrotter’s discovery of amorphous phosphorus, the great professor came to the College of Chemistry to demonstrate to Hofmann the conversion of yellow phosphorus into the red variety.At that time I had acquired some skill in blowpipe manipulation, and was asked to help fit up the apparatus under Schro tter’s directions. The new art of photography early attracted my attention. I remember the excitement caused by the announcement of Daguerre’s and Fox and Talbot’s discoveries. I wa.s working at photography in 1848, and not long after I had the privilege of being shown the Talbotype process by the master himself. One of my most highly prized relics is a copy of Talbot’s ‘Pencil of Nature.’ In these snap-shot days it may be of interest to remember that portraiture was an affair of minutes, not seconds. I think there is one at least of my audience whom I victimised by a five-minute sitting in sunlight with his face chalked ! Ni6pce de St.Victor had discovered that uranium salts possessed the property of storing up light and giving it out in the dark, and in 1858 I took what was perhaps the first radium photograph in this country, by writing with solution of uranium nitrate on a card, insolating it, and then putting it face to face in the dark with a sheet of photographic paper; the image of the writing was reproduced on the paper. Also among my earliest recollections in 272 photography is a photograph of the solar spectrum in its true natural colours by Edmund Becquerel. Those who had the advan- tage of examining Becquerel’s coloured photographs in their early perfection will agree with me that they hardly fell short of the recent productions of Lippmann.I took some of the earliest stereoscopic photographs for Wheat- stone, and in 1852 I commenced work on the photography of solar and metallic spectra--work which has increasingly fascinated me to the present day. I cannot say I was at the birth of the Daltonian atom; but it is not unlikely I shall see its deposition from the supreme place in chemical theory. The chemical elements long have been con-sidered to be manufactured articles, to use a phrase of Sir John Herschel’s, and as such they are subject to change and decay. They come into being and owe their stability to the outcome of a struggle for existence-a Darwinian development by chemical evolution.Just as in the biological world we have the survival of the fittest, so in the inorganic world we have the survival of the most stable or inert. Hunting over some residues left after the preparation of selenium, I was confronted with my first anomaly-a bright green line in the spectrum, This started me on the thallium quest, and when determining the atomic weight of thallium I came to my second anomaly-the behaviour of bodies in a vacuum balance. Following this clue, I entered on the long research which culminated in the radiometer. In the high vacua obtained in these researches many electrical eccentricities were encountered, and in the long struggle to arrive at an explanation, behold the phenomena of Radiant Matter! The action of radiant matter, or, as we now say, of electrons, on the rare earths caused some of them to glow with a phosphorescent light; on submitting this light to the scrutiny of the spectroscope, another mystery-a bright citron-coloured line in the spectrum of the glowing solid-clamoured for explanation.Hence the yttrium and samarium investigation, and then the scandium work on which I am now sedulously engaged. Incidentally radiant matter opened the door to radioactivity, and nowadays radioactive bodies are bringing new elements to light with bewilder- ing rapidity. One of my closest, friends in the early ’fifties was Robert Murray, an old man who in his young days had been assistant to Davy in his lectures at the Royal Institution. He was with Davy during his most eventful discoveries, and I have had descriptions of t,he isolation of potassium and sodium from an actual eye-witness. I was early introduced to the Royal Institution by the Secretary, 213 the Rev.John Barlow, my pupil at the Royal College of Chemistry. More than half a century of the Friday evening lectures means initiation into a whole cycle of wondera and mysteries wrested ‘ from Nature’s inner shrine.’ Interference of Light, by Young; Potassium and Sodium, by Davy; Liquefaction of Gases and Elec- tricity from the Magnet, by Faraday; Low Temperature Work, by Dewar, etc., etc. The list of scientific victories I$ endless. Among the early speculations I heard propounded by Faraday were those on the nature of electricity and the ultimate con-stitution of matter.In the highly rarefied regions of present-day speculation, our progress is so rapid. as to take away one’s breath ! It seems no law is more certain than the Law of Change. A bit of radium that would go into a thimble has almost suddenly shaken our belief in the conservation of substance, the stability of the chemical elements, the undulatory theory of light, and the nature of electricity; has revived the dream of the alchemists and the preservation of perpetual youth, and has cast doubts on the very existence of matter itself 1 For physicists are beginning to say &hat in all probability there is no such thing as matter; that when we have caught and tamed the elusive atom, and have split it into 700 little bits, these residual particles will turn out to be nothing more than superposed layers of positive and negative electricity ! For many years I have been connected with a War Office Com-mittee, one of whose duties it is to investigate methods of killing the greatest number of one’s fellow-creatures in the shortest possible time.Researches of this character, super-Dreadnoughts, big guns, cordite, and lyddite, are the greatest of all preservers of peace. What our country now most urgently requires are researchers. We have any number of practical men, but bruin-craft is the master of Imlzd-craf t. England needs brain-craft. We want men who cultivate chemistry for its own sake without substratum of utilitarianism. Men whose discoveries, like that of phosphorus by Brandt, of the electric oxidation of nitrogen by Priestley, of potassium and sodium by Davy, of aniline by Unverdorben, of benzene by Faraday, and of chloroform by Soubeiran, seemed at the time never likely to be of the slightest use to anybody! With every man-slaying improvement our Committee elaborated, I said to myself, ‘Another ten years’ peace for my country! ’ It is the truest economy to spend money without stint to keep all such inquiries and appliances at their highest possible efficiency, knowing that in this way only can researchers be certain of securing the needful peace, without which no serious investigations can be carried to a successful conclusion.Modern enterprise demands that aa soon aa a machine ceases to 274 work well it is best to scrap it. After sixty years of research work, I begin to feel like a drone in a busy hive.But instead of ruthlessly consigning me to the scrap-heap, my kind friends have dined me, have said most flattering things about me, and have warmed my heart, I must again thank you not only for the honour you have paid me to-night, but for listening to the expression of thoughts that are perhaps more of personal than general interest. My experience has been long and varied, and when I contemplate the work I have tried to do in the time that has been allotted me, I am afraid I must echo the sentiment of the wise man of old: ( When a man has done, then he beginneth; and when he leaveth off, then shall he be doubtful.’ ” DR.HUGOMULLER: ‘(My colleagues have already given expression to the reminiscences and sentiments which suggest themselves most prominently on this festive occasion, and I feel there is but little for me to add on my part.I have been connected with this Society for over fifty years, for I was a constant attendant at the meetings from as early a date as 1854, when I was an Associate; later, in 1859, I was elected a Fellow. It is eminently satisfactory to have been connected with so prosperous a concern, and still more so when one has had some small share in its development and administration. Our Society, which was the first of its kind and became afterwards the prototype of many others, was then still in its infancy, and the slender volumes of the QwrterEy Journal then published give some idea of the limited extent of its activity.Sometimes t-here was actually a dearth of material, and appeals were occasionally made to members to furnish some matter for communication at the meetings. However, in those days the meetings used to be taken up much more with the discussion of the papers than is the case nowadays, when chemical research has become so intensely specialised and consequently affords fewer opportunities for spontaneous discussion, At that period the Society met at rooms in Cavendish Square connected with the premises of the Polytechnic in Regent Street. Our Society made, however, such steady progress that by the time we were located in Burlington House it had already attained a large membership, and had grown more and more flourishing, and had become indeed of decided importance, Probably it was mainly on this account that now some of the members became very anxious to introduce certain alterations in the character of the Society, with the object of giving the Fellowship 275 OL more professional status, and the consequent perturbation waa a very serious matter for those who were in charge of affairs, and this state of things lasted for some years.Ultimately it found vent in the formation of the Institute of Chemistry, the Society of Chemical Analysts, and the Society of Chemical Industry. When at the present day we contemplate the varied activities of all these offsprings of our Society, we recognise the utter impossibility of comprehending them within the scope and aim of the parent society, and you will agree with me that it is a matter of congratulation that we have successfully resisted this agitation for a change in its constitution.We may fairly consider the contents and size of our Trans-actions as a measure of the flourishing condition and great import- ance of our Society. It is also a satisfactory feature and well worth mentioning that the cost of our publications is still fairly balanced and within our income, for it is quite conceivable that at some future period the communication of papers will become so numerous and their publication so costly that the subscription of the Fellows may no longer suffice to cover the expenses, a contingency which at present is actually causing considerable trouble to one of our sister societies.In conclusion, I beg to offer you my hearty thanks for the great honour you have done us in providing this splendid entertainment.’’ HARCOURT:MR. A. G. VERNON “Probably each one of us five regards the period in which he held office as a particularly important time; nor can I claim to be free from this impression. It was while I was a Secretary of the Society that we made place for the Artists, and left our apartment at the east end of old Burlington House to move into the less secluded but ampler quarters which we now occupy. On the day on which I became President, our Faraday Medal was presented by my predecessor, Dr.Armstrong, to Lord Rayleigh for the discovery of argon, resulting from his observation of the different densities of atmospheric and chemically-prepared nitrogen. In the separation and investigation of argon, Lord Rayleigh worked with Professor Ramsay, and the award of the medal was immediately followed by the announcement by Professor Ramsay of another gaseous element, helium, which, like argon, had been mistaken for nitrogen, and which had been discovered as a constituent of the atmosphere of the sun before it had been recognised on earth and found to be a constituent of our own atmosphere. The actual measurements of the spectrum of the new element and the identification of the gas from cl6veite with the helium of the sun were then communicated to the Society by one 276 of our Past Presidents, Sir William Crookes.Two yems later, when Professor Ramsay had made a complete investigation of the mineral sources and properties of helium, I had the pleasure of presenting to him the Longstaff Medal. Many other important communications were made to the Society during those two years, and we listened to the memoirs of three great men of science-Helmholtz, Lothar Meyer, and Pasteur. But that was more than thirteen years ago, and the thirteen years between the ages of sixty-three and seventy-six make a great difference to a man; and I must hope that our proceedings at that time are better retained in the memories of many of my audience than they are in my own.There used to be a yearly cricket match, in which the players were Chelsea Pensioners, all old men, if not all over seventy, with the further disadvantage, which is not shared by your guests tcmight, that half of them had only one arm, and the other half only one leg. It would be unjust to those who arranged the match and gave dinner to the players to put among their motives the fun of trotting the old boys out, or to doubt that they watched their efforts with kindly and uncritical eyes. Fortunately your veterans are not called upon to do anything of an active kind-not even to show manipulative skill-but only to acknowledge and thank you for the kind feeling and the wish to do them honour which have brought us here.One cannot help putting to oneself the question: What have we done more than other Past Presidents of the Society to gain this honour ? All right-minded men, who are free from severe pain or grief, enjoy life, and wish it to be prolonged. What others cherish and desire, we have achieved; nor, even at this culmination of our careers, do we ask now to be dismissed, but appear before you -to use Charles Lamb’s phrase-as ‘ jolly candidates ’ for the second decade of the century. It is said that Faraday as age advanced upon him found that his memory was failing, and that he must choose for investigation some wholly new subject, not requiring any recollection of previous work; and it is said further that to this limitation was due the discovery of diamagnetism.Ordinarily, such failure of memory has a less satisfactory result. An old man may retain his interest in the parts of science which most attracted him, but of what he reads little remains a few days later, and he gradually desists from that study of the current literature of science which to younger men is both an enjoyment and a necessary condition of useful work. I have an intimate and rather painful knowledge of one such case; but I may be generalising too hastily, for some of your old Past Presidents are able to bring their long experience to bear upon the present, and to make shrewd and illuminating remarks upon the recent progress of chemistry. I, unfortunately, am only conscious that our science is advancing and changing with bewilder- ing speed.Conjectural formulz, presumably well founded, contend with one another. I remember that the constitution of camphor was being settled when I was President, and that rival fornuke received vigorous support. In the explanation of chemical changes and of the structure of molecules, human ingenuity is more than a match for the complexity of nature. When, as must happen occasionally, a hypothesis is punctured by collision with some hard fact, it is at once neatly patched with another hypothesis. The atoms in which we believed, and the molecules which passed into solution entire or flitted about as gases, are now broken up into much smaller pieces. Chemists discovered the formation of ions, independently of an electric current, and the Physicists presented them with electrons. Elements gradually disappear, at fixed rates, in a certain number of years or even of days.Our foundations are shaken; and one may fear that fifty years hence, when some of our youngest Fellows will be Past Presidents enjoying their jubilee, the very hexagon may have lost its place of honour in chemical literature. In this connexion I will venture to refer to a question of some public importance with which chemists have to deal, namely, the influence of the rapid growth of Chemistry, and especially of chemical views-which my good friend and master, Sir B. Brodie, called ‘Ideal Chemistry’-upon the teaching of the science as a part of general education. We shall most of us agree that after reading, writing, and arithmetic, and next in value to moral instruction, comes a knowledge of the general results of scientific inquiry and some insight into the methods by which such knowledge has been gained.What parts of chemistry should find a place in such a scheme? Two limitations may be suggested, first, to facts and generalisations which are absolutely established, and secondly, to familiar substances, the chemistry of common life. The enthusiastic chemist, who aims at keeping himself abreast of his subject, and to whom the teaching of chemistry, not only to future chemists, but as a part of general education, is rightly entrusted, must find it more and more difficult to make the necessary ‘cuts.’ He has to bear in mind that however valuable the latest hypotheses may be for the progress of chemistry or for the advanced student who has an examination to pass, they must not be put before those who are only studying science as a part of education and chemistry as a part of science, and who may be misled into thinking t.hat they are 278 well forward in chemistry because they have gained some of the latest lights.We older chemists are often told that the amount of chemistry which has to be learnt for examinations now, is far greater than was required in our time. I do not believe it. The average of industry and of memory, the two great factors in the storage of knowledge, does not change much in fifty or sixty years. The things taught are different. Much is added, and therefore much has to be omitted.Fifty years hence there will be the same disposition of those who are in the front to speak scornfully of what is being taught now. This line of reflection brings us to the oppressive thought, which must not be too much indulged, of the littleness of our steps forward in science compared with the immensity of what there is to be known. We have not gained a real height, Nor are we nearer to the light, Because the scale is infinite.’ I must not end this evening on so sad a note. The same fact may be looked at quite otherwise. It is the successful, or even the unsuccessful, pursuit of truth which gives happiness to each generation of scientific men, and not the value of the truth itself- the energy, the doing, not the thing done.If a time could arrive when all was known, when there could not be a new investigation or experiment, our keenest pleasure would be at an end. We may therefore feel happy in the thought of how much is still unknown. The questioning of nature is likely to last as long i19 the generations of mankind. It only remains for me, in conclusion, to thank you, gentlemen, and especially my friend our President and the members of the Council, for my share in the honour and the pleasure which you have bestowed upon your old Past Presidents.” Professor WILLIAMODLING:‘(From my point of view, the most important thing I have to say is to express to you my appreciation and deep gratitude of the honour you have done me. This is the third occasion on which I have been entertained publicly at the hands of the Society.In this respect, I feel I cannot express myself in words better than those you have already heard read from the letter sent by Sir Henry Roscoe. It is a great gratification to us seniors to feel we are not altogether forgotten. We greatly appreciate the kind feeling which still attaches to us in memory of old days. If it only depended upon myself, I think I could go on for a very long time talking of the old da,ys, but it is a question whether it would interest some of you. On a previous occasion-twelve years ago-I was honoured in a 279 similar manner at an entertainment which was presided over by my successor-my almost immediate successor at the Royal Insti- tution-Sir James Dewar, who has so worthily filled the position he now holds, and who has achieved for himself a world-wide reputation. I was at that time associated with five of my very oldest friends.At the present time I am associated with others of almost as long standing, and I will venture to express a word or two with regard to each of them, not in their abstract but in their personal relations with me. I can only express regret that their number is now four. What pleasure it would have given us to have included in our numbers Perkin and Russell. Both were distinguished as chemists -one of them as a pioneer-and both of them were estimable and lovable in character, and devoted to the interests of the Society.With regard to Roscoe, he was seven years my junior as a Fellow of the Society, and seven years my junior as a President. He always had a very youthful appearance, and I can at this moment remember making his acquaintance in Williamson’s laboratory. Williamson introduced Roscoe to me as one of his most promising pupils. In expressing my appreciation of the great personal attractiveness of Williamson, I must say that those who have only known him in later years can have no conception of the magic of his influence on those who were thrown into association with him. My acquaintance with Crookes has been hardly so long as with Roscoe, but, at any rate, it has been equally close; more close, in fact, for a number of years.I a.m delighted, on an occasion such as this, to be associated with Crookes as one of our guests this evening. He is as active as ever. Forty years ago, when I was a member of the Council of the Royal Society, I had a paper sent to me, and I had to say whether it was meritorious enough to be published. It was on the atomic weight of thallium. I will not say what was the nature of my report, beyond that the paper was published. But I would venture to say that the publication of that paper marked an era in this country in the determination of atomic weights-I can almost say, in any country. Even with regard to the work of my old friend Stas, it was its equal, if not superior. I do not know how many of you will remember Stas.He was affectionate and effusive in his demonstrations. I met him at the door of the International Exhibition of 1862, and, knowing his effusiveness, I held back a little. But in a. minute or so he had laid hold of me, put his arms around my neck, and kissed me on the cheek, to the consternation of a burly policeman standing near. As a lecturer on organic chemistry, it is surprising to me to find how constantly I have to refer to the researches of Dr. Muller. We esteem him for his energy, for his contributions to science, and, 280 above all, for his personality and amiable character, which has endeared him to all of us. I have an additional obligation, for it was through him that I became known to and associated with Kekul6, a name always to be mentioned with honour in the study of organic chemistry. Harcourt and I have been associated as teachers at the University, and although not always seeing a thing from the same point of view, we have in the main agreed, always feeling that there existed a, pleasant relationship one to another.To Harcourt we are all indebted for his history of the formation of the University Museum, an institution which has done so much for the advancement of science at Oxford. It has done great things for the study, not only of chemistry, but of natural science generally aC Oxford, and this brings me to say a word or two about the association of Oxford with the Chemical Society. Fifth in order of the series of Presidents was Dr. Daubeny, who was at that time professor, and whose memory is still dear to Oxford men and is embodied in the Daubeny laboratory.He was President of the Chemical Society, and among the twenty-seven of his successors we find four other Oxford teachers. He was followed by Brodie and myself, Harcourt, and then by our present President, who, before being translated to Manchester, was the Millard lecturer at Oxford. Out of thirty-two Presidents, Oxford has contributed five, Edinburgh two, Dublin one, and Cambridge also two, although without being very prophetic we can conceive that number must be added to before long. I should have liked to speak about my associations with all the Presidents of the Chemical Society-at any rate, I should have liked to speak of the first four or five.Richard Phillips was one of the Presidents with whom it was my good fortune to become intimately associated, and by and by he became the editor of the Philosophical Magazine. He was an able critic, a great conversationalist, and a newsmonger, and from his addiction to personal joking he was spoken of (independently of his position as editor) as “Phil. Mag.” I was in 1851 appointed tutor at Guy’s Hospital, where I was brought into association with the second President of the Society. A word or two about myself as one of the guests on this occasion. I became Fellow in 1848, and was therefore practically one of the founders of the Society; I acted as Secretary, and filled the position of third President, in order of series, to my old tutor, Arthur Aikin.I was afterwards translated to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and from there to the Royal Institution, where I met Faraday, of whom it is impossible to speak without regret and veneration. Then I went to Oxford, where I met Brodie. I am still attached to Oxford, and have had the advantage, the very 281 great advantage of having had, both before and since my appoint-ment, a succession of assistants of whom any professor of chemistry might be proud. First wits Korner, now of Milan, whose name is a household word among us, and others who have, one after the other, achieved the distinctions of being made Fellows of the Royal Society, namely,. DuprB, Dunstan, Hartley, Veley, and Marsh, whom, I am glad to say, is still with me.I wish to express my deep indebtedness to all of these, and to my faithful assistants, Fisher and Watts, who are with me still. I am delighted to be here among my juniors tenight, and to feel myself at home.” ‘‘ THE FOREIGNMEMBERS.” Sir EDWARD : ‘(It is a saying no less true than trite that THORPE ‘Science knows no geographical limitations.’ She recognises no national frontiers. Science is as much the common property and heritage oE mankind as is the all pervading air we breathe and which we all alike share. No nation or people has any exclusive property in science, any more than it has in the universal ether or in the forces of nature. This fact is recognised in the almost universal practice of scientific societies to welcome within their ranks workers in science of every nationality.The men of science constitute one large brother- hood; they may speak a variety of tongues ; they may owe allegiance to many rulers, but they are all engaged in a common cause, and they work and strive together in honourable rivalry with R unity of aim, and that is to discover and elucidate scientific truth, and to apply the knowledge of that truth to the amelioration of our common humanity. We Rritishers are proverbially a sporting people. We truly love a race of any kind : competition and the struggle for supremacy are as breath to our nostrils. It is a national characteristic and pervades every department of our national activity. But your true sportsman recognises and acclaims merit wherever he meets with it.If he wins he wears his laurels modestly; if he loses, he takes his beating manfully, and offers his congratulations to the better man. I believe we carry this characteristic into the grand international struggle in which, as men oE science, me are engaged. The good will which the Chemical Society bears to its foreign colleagues is reflected in the long list of its honorary and foreign members. Prom the earliest days of its inception, the Society has extended the hand of good fellowship to our foreign colleagues, and we are proud that we number some of the most eminent of them among our Fellows. We believe they appreciate the spirit in which our invitation has been extended to them.We, in our turn, are grateful to them for the honour and the distinction they have conferred upon us. It is with a feeling of deep gratitude that I invite you to drink to their health, and that I ask you to allow me to associate with the toast the names of Professor Haller and Professor Wallach. These gentlemen, the one 282 President of the Chemical Society of France, the other President of the Chemical Society of Germany, are charged with messages of felicitation to the veterans whom we are assembled here to honour. On this account you will extend them your warmest greeting. You will recognise that each of them represents a nation which has played a long and honourable part in the science to which we are all attached, and which it is our privilege to serve.” PROFESSOR :ALBINHALLER“ L’hommage que vous rendez ce soir B vos jubilaires prochde, toutes proportions gardkes, du msme sentiment que celui tr6s touchant, que vous avez rendu au cours de cet e’te‘, au noble souverain qui a pr6sidQ aux destinQes de l’empiro avec tant de tact, tant d’autoritd et tant de bonheur.Ce sentiment est fait d’affectueuse deference et de sincbre gratitude envers les hommes qui, B des titres divers, et quelles que soient leurs conditions sociales, ont honor6 l’humanit6 et ont jet4 quelque Qclat sur votre pays. De msme que la France s’est associQe sinc&rement et de tout son ceur B votre deuil national, de meme la Soci6t6 chimique de Paris a tenu B apporter aux savants v6nQrQs, dont vous cQl6brez aujourd’hui la brillante carri&re, un tkmoignage de profonde sympathie et de cordiale reconnaissance pour les services qu’ils ont rendus B la science et B leur patrie.L’estime que vous m’avez tgmoignQe, en me conf6rant le titre tant envie‘ de Membre honoraire de votre SociQtQ, me vaut, en ce jour, la joie tr&s douce d’assister B cette rQunion et de pouvoir vous exprimer la satisfaction que j’e‘prouve d’6tre l’interprkte de tous nos collkgues de France envers les heros de cette fste. La premihre en date, de toutes les sociQtQs de Chimie qui existent de par le monde, votre Socie’t6 a servi de modhle B toutes celles qui sont Qcloses B sa suite. Son dQveloppement est intimement liQ B 1’Qvolution de la Chimie msme pendant la seconde moiti6 du sikcle dernier, et son influence, sa prospQritQ, sont dues autant aux hommes marquants et dQvouQs qui l’ont pre’side‘e qu’aux nobles et fortes traditions qu’ils ont inst aur Qes.Comme vos ah6s vous VOLTS 6tes toujours attache‘s B confier sa direction aux plus vaillants et aux plus qualifiQs de vos Bmules. En toute circonstance, B toute Qpoque, vous ne manquez pas de vous inspirer de votre noble adage: ‘ The right man in the right place.’ I1 serait t6mQraire de vouloir Qnum&er, aprh votre trSs honorable PrBsident, M. le Professeur Dixon, tout ce que la science doit au de‘vouement, B l’esprit d’invention et b l’habilet6 expQrimentale des maitres sympathiques auxquels vous rendez hommage ce soir. 283 TOUS, en leur temps, ont trace plus ou moins profond6ment leur sillon et ont don& l’exemple d’un labeur fecond et d6sint6ress6, tout en assurant la prosperit6 de votre SociQtQ.Tous les cinq ont marque les multiples incursions qu’ils ont faites dans .le domaine de la science, par des d6couvertes inattendues, des observations ing6nieuses et des aperps pleins de hardiesse et d’originalitQ. Sans doute, l’apport constant de clart6s et de faits nouveaux a souvent pour effet de dissimuler sous le voile de l’anonymat les vQrit8s Qtablies par nos devanciers, tant elles paraissent simples et Qvidentes aux esprits superficiels. Elles n’en font pas moins partie de notre patrimoine intellectuel et le nom de leurs auteurs restant B jamais gravQ dans les Annales de la Science, apparaitra au grand jour chaque fois qu’il se trouvera un chercheur dgsireux de remonter B l’origine de nos connaissances et d’en faire l’inventaire.A l’heure prQsente, les noms de M. le Professeur Odling, de Sir Henry Roscoe, de Sir William Crookes, du Dr. Hugo Muller, et du Dr. A. G. Vernon Harcourt Qveillent en nous un sentiment de vive reconnaissance pour l’ceuvre originale et savante dont ils ont dot6 la science et pour le be1 exemple de labeur qu’ils nous ont donne. En sa qualit6 de fille afnQe de votre Compagnie, la SociBte’ Chimique de France m’a charge de traduire les sentiments de haute estime et de respectueuse sympathie qu’elle Qprouve envers les cinq Jubilaires en leur dkernant ii chacun sa mQdaille L l’effigie de notre grand Lavoisier.A l’hommage qu’elle rend ainsi B leur profond savoir, s’ajoutent ses vceux les plus ardents et les plus sincsres pour qu’ils contribuent pendant de longues ann6es eccore au progrhs de votre SocietQ et B la notoriQtQ scientifique de la nation britannique.” Professor Dr. OTTOWALLACH: “ I wish to tender my most sincere and hearty thanks for the kindly feeling which has prompted my invitation for this auspicious occasion, and also for the friendly sentiments which have been expressed towards the foreign members of this Society. At the present time it is not easy for a German professor to leave his work in order to undertake a long journey. I should, however, have been extremely sorry to miss the opportunity of personally stating how highly I prize my honorary membership of the Chemical Society. Much less would I, as a member of the sister German Society, desire to refrain from conveying to the Past Presidents of the Chemical Society an expression of the veneration and esteem in which they are held by German chemists.If I may be permitted to add a few words more, I will ask to be 284 allowed to speak in my own language. You will probably under- stand my German better than my English, and I also believe that what one desires to say can better be expressed in one's mother tongue. \Venn wir, sehr geehrte Herrn, tins zu vergegenwartigen suchen, welche Chemiker friiher in England die Entwickelung unserer Wissen- schaft in besonderer Weise gefordert haben, so werden wir in Erstaunen gesetzt eine Tvie grosse Anzahl von Persiinlichkeiten daran betheiligt war.Vor unserem geistigen Auge ziehen da ausgezeichnete Miinner wie ein gliinzender Triumphzug voriiber, der mit den ersten Anfinge der Chemie beginnt und sich bis zum heutigen Tage erstreckt. An der Spitze dieses imposanten Zuges schreitet die grosse Foracher-gestalt Bobert Boyle's. Ihm folgen nndere Koryphiien der Wissenschaf t in rinunterbrochener Ketto. Als in den rneisten heutigen Kultur- liindern "Chemie " noch ein unbekannter Begrig mar, entdeckte Priestley den Sailerstoff und lehrte zugleich als orster, wie man uber- haupt mit Gasen operieren muss. Mit den Gssen, von denen man friiher mancho fur nicht cocrcibel hielt, die man jetzt nach den wundervollen Methoden von Prof.Dewar leicht in flussigen Zustand zwingt. Welche unerwartete Erweiterung and Weiterentwickelung die Kenntniss der Luftarten in unseren Tagen durch die ewig denkwiirdigen Unter- suchungen von Lord BqZeigh und Xiy 7K IZamsay erfahren hat, bedarf keines Hinweises. Betrachten mir weiter die Entfaltung unseres Zuges, so sehen wir nach Priestley Cauendish erscheinen und vor allenragt Dalton hervor, der mit der Atomtheorie die Basis fur die theoretische Chemie schuf. Mit Dalton kommt Hump7wy Davy. Wenn wir heut das halbhundertjiihrige Fellow-Jubilaum unseres Past Presidents feiern, so durfen wir dabei mohl der Thatssche gedenken, class in die3e Tage auch ein Centenar-Jubiliium fallt.Denn grade 100 Jahr sind es, dass-im November 1810-H. Davy vor der Royal Society jene beruhmte Abhandlung verlas, in der er die elementare Natur des Chlor aussprach. Wenige Jahre vorher hatte er die Welt durch Entdeckung der Alkali-metalle in Staunen gesetzt. Aber Davy hat jener Zeit noch etwas anderes entdeckt, wofiir ihm die wissen- schaftlische Welt dankt : er hat das Talent JI. B'aradap's entdeckt und der Chemie zugefiihrt. Die Anwendung der Faraday'schen electrolytischen Gesetze gehort heut zu unscr em unentbehrlichsten chemischen Handwerkszeug. Neben diesen und vielen anderen, fand Faradny bekanntlich auch das Benzol auf, die Muttersubstanz des Anilins, aus dem der verehrungs- wurdige IT.H. Perkin sen., dem wir-ebenso wie seinen Sohnen--so viele michtige Arbei ten auf dem Gebiet der organischen Chemie verdanken, den erst en techn i sch brauchbaren Anilinf arbstoff herstell te.Bei Ermahnung des Benzols gedenken wir weiter CoupeP"slder 285 sich mit KekuZS in den Ruhm theilt, die Idee der Atomverkettung concipiert zu haben. Die Nennung von KekulB’s Namen bringt uns wiederum in die Erinnerung, dasa Kekuid hier in London Assistent von h‘tenhouse wu. KekulB bat, wie so viele deutsche Chemiker mit, vor und nach ihm-wie die A. W. Hofmann, Schorlernrner, Dittmar u. a. -in diesem gastlichsten Land der Welt auch Gastfreundschaft genossen. Den Dank den wir England dafiir schulden wird man in Deutschland immer lebendig finden. Wie kiinnte ich in dieser kurzen Stunde sie nun aber weiter alle hier aufzahlen, die Trager klangvoller Namen, die GF/aImn, WiEEiccmson, Prankkcnd u.a. die wir in dem Theil des Triumphzuges englischer Wissenschaft finden, der an vergangene Zeiten mahnt! Der Blick in die Vergangenheit erweckt sonst leicht das Gefuhl der Trauer, uber das, was wir nicht mehr besitzen. Aber davor sind wir heut geschutzt. Denn wir haben die grosse Freude und das grosse Gluck in den Mannern, die zu feiern wir zusammengekommen sind, Reprasentaoten einer der gliinzendsten alteren Epoche der Chemie noch frisch und lebenskraftig unter uns zu wissen und ihnen den Dank dafiir darbringen zu kijnnen, dass sie durch ihre Arbeit eine Saat ausgestreut haben, deren reife Frucht die junge Generation der Chemiker heut erndtet.War es doch Prof. Tilliam Odling, der bedeutsnmen Antheil an der Ausgestaltung der Typentheorie genommen hat. Er hat ferner schon 1857von dem ‘‘ Ersetzungsmerth ” von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff gesprochen und die Werthigkeitstheorie vorbereitet. Sir Benry Roscoe, dessen Arbeiten uber die Isolierung und uber die Eigenschaften des Vanadium’s fur immer ein Vorbild exacter chemischer Forschung bleiben werden, hat in seinen mit R. Bunsen gemeinsam ausgefuhrten photochemischen Untersuchungen die Grund- lage fur die heutige Photochemie mit geschaffen. Sir WiEEiccm Crookes hat nicht nur durch Entdeckung des Thallium’s die Chemie bereichert. Seinem genialen Forscherblick offenbarte sich zuerst die ‘‘ strahlende Materie,” deren Erscheinung in der modernen Physik eine so hervorragende Rolle spielt. \Venn, weiter, heut die katalgtischen Erscheinungen wieder ganz besonders in den Vordergrund des chemischen Int ~resses geruekt siud, so geziemt es sich der Thatsache zu gedenken, dass Dr.Hzcgo Miiller 1862 die katalytische Wirkung des Jod’s bei Halogenisierungs- Processen aufgefunden hat. Die Verdienste Dr. Vernon Harcourt’s um die analytische und angewandte Chemie sind in England bekannt. Wir sehen : die hochverehrten Past Presidents sind nicht nur Leiter der Chemical Society gewesen, sondern auch Leiter auf den Pfaden der Wissenschaft. Damit haben sie Schule gemacht und daher bis zur heutigen Stunde nach beiden Richtungen hin stets wiirdige Nachfolger 286 gefunden.Die Chemical Society hat unter ihren trefflichen Praesidenten in der Chemischen Welt immer wachsende Bedeutung gowonnen und mit Bewunderung und Hochachtung blicken die auswartigen Fach- genossen auf die von ihr ausgehenden Leistungen. Dieser hochgeschatzten und angesehenen Gesellschaf t in der sich die wissenschaf tlich chemischen Kritfte Englands zusammengeschlossen haben, bringe ich, zugleich irn Namen der Deutschen Chernische2z Gesellschaft, die herzlichsten Wunsche fur ihr Gedeihen und ihre gliick-liche Weiterentwickelung bis in eine ferne Zukunft ! ” “ THE GUESTS.” Sir WILLIAM “The objectl of this gathering is to A. TILDEN: offer to our senior Past Presidents an expression of affectionate homage. On such an occasion we desire before all things the sympathy of our friends.I rise, therefore, with great pleasure, to ask you to return thanks to the large number of eminent men who have assembled with us to-night,, and who, by their presence and by the words which have been expressed by some of them, have added lustre and fervour to the occasion, Among them are, not only representatives of science, but of a great variety of other interests, and this is a proof that our senior Past Presidents are known and honoured far beyond the circle which is represented by the Chemical Society. I will only venture to mention the names of a few of our guests, and the toast which I have the pleasure to propose will be coupled with three of them. We have wit’h us a member of the Government, and we are glad to be honoured by his presence; the House of Commons is strongly represented by half a dozen eminent members.Then there are the President and the Secretaries of the Royal Society, who are never missing on any occasion when honour is to be given to the votaries of science, and we have the President and Treasurer of the famous Royal Institution, the home of chemistry from Davy to Dewar. To the Presidents of the French and German Chemical Societies we owe a very special expression of thanks, not only for their kind and sympathetic words, but for the immense trouble they have taken in making long journeys for the express purpose of attending to-night. The Presidents of a number of kindred societies which work on similar lines to the Chemical Society are also present, as well as representatives of other insti- tutions, educational, scientific, and so forth.Among these repre- sentatives I hope you will excuse me if I refer specially to the venerable Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen. Beside these, we have a number of gentlemen representing not only science, but literature, while a very eminent sculptor sits not far from me. I give you the toast of ‘The Guests,’ coupled with the names of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland, who is expected to become a 287 member of the Council of the Royal Society, Mr. Herbert Samuel, Postmaster-General, and Herr Eyde, who represents what may be called the chemical industry of the future.” The DUKEOF NORTHUMBERLAND: ‘(We have felt it a very great honour to be the guests of yourselves upon this occasion, and to have had the privilege of joining in honouring the distinguished Past Presidents whom you have honoured to-night.I should like to say a word or two to express my admiration of, and gratitude to, Sir William Crookes. We all know that he has gone through many arduous struggles, and we know that he has made a reputation for manipulation, for patience, and research. I venture to think no finer manipulation has been displayed by him or greater patience than that of piloting the President of the Royal Institution through his duties. I am struck by the great advances in civilisation which are depicted by the menu. I see on the outside a very fine picture, the portraits of five Past Presidents of this Society; but I observe there is a sixth who occupies a very large space in the page, and I have no doubt it is a very distinguished Past President of the Chemical Society.I can only say that if I had had to dine with him I should have brought with me hard-boiled eggs ! If one looks at the menu, he will see that chemistry is devoted to a very different object from which it is supposed to be. Some gentlemen might perhaps inform us what chemical action is going on now. I thank you on behalf of the guests.” SAMUEL,The Right Ron. HERBERT M.P.: “At this hour I shall earn your gratitude if I suppress the speech I should ot.herwise have delivered-incisive, eloquent, brilliant, humorous, and perhaps lengthy, as you may assume it would otherwise have been.I wish to join in expressing the gratitude of the guests for the invitation that has been tendered to us. It has been a privilege to us all to join in doing honour to men whose lives have been finely spent, men who have pursued research for its own sake. They have ‘set their hearts upon the goal, not on the prize,’ and have added fresh lustre upon the annals of British science.” HERRGENERALDIREKTORS. EYDE: So many eminent speeches have been made here tenight that were it not for the fact that I have been called upon to speak, I should never have ventured to do so. Having, however, been afforded this opportunity, I feel it to be a great pleasure to thank you for your kindness and hospitality, and for the great honour you have done me in inviting me here to-night, and I am sure that all the other foreign guests will join me in my most cordial thanks to the Society for this honour.It is, for me especially, a great pleasure to be present, as this 288 Society represents the British chemical science which primarily gave the world the idea of the important problem of fixing the nitrogen of the air. A hundred years ago Priestley and Cavendish discovered what Lord Rayleigh, Sir William Ramsay, and, above all, Sir William Crookes successfully developed. In Professor Birkeland’s and my work on the same problem, these names served as beacons in the atmosphere, and guided us on our way, so that we have British science to thank in many respects for our success in creating an industry upon the problem of the fixation of the nitrogen of the air.Formerly your countrymen came over to Norway to view the scenery of our large waterfalls and mountains, but to-day we send these natural properties to this country, in the form of a fertiliser, to enrich your soils. We have sent this product to almost all parts of the world, and it is particularly interesting to note that the results have proved better in the British Isles than anywhere else, and I can only regard the fact that the Norwegian air put into British soil gives such good results, as a sign of the strong feeling of sympathy which, I am proud to say, prevails between our countries. I wish to conclude these words with the toast of the further prosperity of this famous and distinguished Society.” Thursday, November 17th, 1910, at 8.30 p.m., Professor HAROLD B.DIXON,M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. Harry Farrands and Percy G. Ward were formally admitt,ed Fellows of the Society. The PRESIDENTread the following letter : Home Office, Whitehall, July 6th, 1910. SIR,-I am commanded by the Eing to convey to you hereby his Majesty’s thanks for the loyal and dutiful address of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Chemical Society, expressing their sympathy with his Majesty on the occasion of the lamented death of his late Majesty King Edward the Seventh, and con-gratulation on his Majesty’s accession t.0 the throne.I am, Sir, your obedient servant, WINSTONS. CHURCHILL. The Hon. Secretary, The Chemical Society, Burlington House, W. 289 The PRESIDENTstated that he had received the following letter from Professor Korner : MILANOLI 8 Ottobre, 1910. HOCHGEEHRTER :HERRPR~SIDENT Die Feier, welche Freunde und Collegen gelegentlich der 70ten Wiederkehr meines Geburtstages (20. April, 1839)veranstaltet haben und die erst am 15. Mai dieses Jahres zur Ausfuhrung kommen konnte, hat eine ganz besondere Zierde empfangen durch die nur allzu schnieichelhafte Anerkennung, welche die Chemische Gesell- schaft zu London in prlchtig ausgestatteter Adresse meinem Wirken als Lehrer und Forscher hat zu Theil werden lassen. Ich brauche Ihnen wohl nicht zu sagen, wie sehr mich diese wohlwollende Beurtheilung erfreut hat und wie hoch ich die Ehre schatze, die ich dadurch erhalten habe.Ich bitte die Chemische Gesellschaft, und zugleich ihren Prasi- denten, Herrn Professor Harold B. Dixon, meinen warmsten Dank fur diese Ehrung entgegenzunehmen und verbleibe, Herr Prasident, mit ausgezeichneter Hochachtung. Ihr, sehr ergebener, PROF.W. KORNER. Herrn Professor Harold B. Dixon, F.R.S., Prlsident der Chemischen Gesellschaft zu London. The PRESIDENTannounced that the Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry would be held in Washington and in New York in September, 1912. He also announced that a letter had been received from the Board of Trade drawing the attention of Fellows of the Society to the forthcoming International Exhibition to be held in Turin next year.A Royal Commission under the chairmanship of the Earl of Lytton is now engaged in organising exhibits illustrative of British Industry and Agriculture. The formation of a, Scientific Section in the Exhibition is proposed. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Edward Anderson, Hill View House, Waun Wen Road, Swansea. Walter Norman Burbridge, Uplands, Foxley Lane, Purley. John Fisher Carmichael, B.Sc., Tower Building, Liverpool. Henry George Alan Harding, Darling Street, Chatswood, Sydney, N.S.W. William Alfred Jenkin, 6, Bella Vista, Rio Tinto, Spain. 290 John Watterson Miller, Lynwood, Cantilupe Street, Hereford.Walter Roman Moore, 55, Gloucester Street, Norwich. Frank Henry Plews, 28, Gellatly Road, St. Catherine’s Park, S.E. Henry Stanley Raper, 599, Spadina Avenue, Toronto. George Douglas Summers, Easington Lodge, Sproughton, Ipswich. Certificates have been authorised by the Council for presentation to Ballot under Bye-law I (3) in favour of Messrs. : Charles Crichton, Afrikander Mine, Klerksdorp, Transvaal. Marshall Perley Cram, A.M., Ph.D., Brunswick, Maine, U.S.A. Count Arnaud de Gramont, Rue de 1’Universite 49, Paris. Alleyne Leechman, B.A., 55, Main Street, Georgetown, British Guiana. John Fleming Culun Brown Vance, 947, Richard Street, Vancouver, B.C. Of the following papers, those marked * were read: *300. ‘‘ Preparation of secondary amines from carboxylic acids Part I.Preparation of heptadecylaniline, pentadecylaniline and tridecylaniline.” By Henry Rondel Le Sueur. Heptadecylnniline, C1713,,*NH*CGH6,is readily obtained by heab ing a-anilinostearic acid, C,,H,,*CH(NHPh)*CO,H, to considerably above its melting point, whereby it loses carbon dioxide: CI6HA3*CH(NHPh)*CO2H-+ C,7H,,*NH*CGH,. The compound crystallises from alcohol in needles, melting at 42--43O, and boils at 285--286O/35 mm. Its hydrochloride melts at 99-looo. Pentadecylaniline, C,,H,,*NH*C,H,, similarly obtained from a-anilinopalmitic acid, Cl4W,,-CH(NHPh)-CO2H, melts at 34-35O, and boils at 271°/40 mm. Its hydrochloride melts at 97*5O. Tridecylaniline, C,,H,,-NH*C,H,, obtained from a-anilinomyristic acid, C,2H,,*CH(NHPh)*C0,H, melts at 23-24O, and boils at 251°/35 mm.The author is now engaged in the investigation of the application of the above reaction to the preparation of secondary amines, and more particularly of substituted anilines and naphthylamines. ”301. “The wet oxidation of metals. Part I. The rusting of iron.” By Bertram Lambert and James Campbell Thomson. The work published up to the present time on the subject of the rusting of iron cannot be held to prove the fact that pure iron mill not undergo visible oxidation in contact with pure water and pure oxygen. In almost all previous investigations, commercial iron 291 of the highest obtainable degree of purity has been used, but, from a chemical point of view, the impurities contained in the iron must have been considerable, even in the most favourable circumstances.The authors have shown that pure iron, prepared from pure ferric nitrate by igniting to form the oxide and subsequently reducing in a pure iridium boat in a current of pure hydrogen, does not &ow visible oxidation after long exposure to pure water and pure oxygen. The experiments were carried out in veseels of clear fused silica, the water was distilled in a vacuum from a solution of barium bydroxide, and the oxygen was prepared by the electrolysis of a bolution of highly purified barium hydroxide. It has been shown, further, that iron containing a slight trace of impurity will undergo oxidation under the same conditions, even when there is no possibility of an acid substance being either present or formed during the reaction.DIscusSION. The PRESIDENTasked whether Mr. Lambert had taken any measures to free the electrolytic oxygen from diffused hydrogen before bringing it into contact with the iron. He expressed his conviction that Mr. Lambert had amply proved that iron purified by the method described was not oxidised in contact with water and oxygen. Sir W. RAMSAYsuggested that stopcocks, greased at the ends with grease and lubricated with phosphoric oxide in the middle round the bore, held tight. He also pointed out that silica dissolves to some extent in water, and that an acid solution (2) might be formed; but pure iron is not attacked by strong acids, and a priori would not be attacked by water.Professor ARMSTRONGexpressed the opinion that the results brought forward in no way affected the conclusions arrived at by Moody and confirmed by Friend. It was to be expected, on theoretical grounds, that iron would not be attacked to any appre- ciable extent if highly purified; action should take place only in presence of a relatively electronegative conductor, such as platinum ; in point of fact, the results arrived at were such as should be arrived at, and were in no way surprising. That rusting would take place under the conditions described if impure iron were used was also to be expected; in carrying out the experiments, apparently, no proper care had been taken to exclude carbon dioxide; it was well known that this gas was obstinately retained by glass surfaces and could not be removed by mere evacuation.292 The speaker also suggested that the term “purified” should be used instead of ‘‘ pure ’’ throughout the communication. Mr. ARNOLDPHILIPasked whether the authors had tried the action of pure oxygen and water on a mixture of two portions of the same sample of pure iron, one of which portions had been strained mechanically, for instance, by hammering, and the other portion being retained in an unstrained condition. It occurred to him that such a mixture might behave similarly to the mixture of pure iron with traces of platinum described by the authors. Mr. LAMBERT,in reply to the President, said that the construction of the electrolytic cell precluded the possibility of the diffusion of hydrogen into the oxygen; any hydrogen which diffused back from the cathode must escape into the reservoir of the cell.In reply to Sir W. Ramsay, he stated his opinion that a glass stopcock, treated as suggested, would not prevent a slow leakage of gas round the barrel of the stopcock if it were lubricated with phosphoric acid, and if the conditions were such that there was a wet gas on one side of the stopcock and a high vacuum on the other side; in time the lubricant must be partly washed away. There was no question of leakage from the outside of the stopcock, since it was mercury-sealed. In reply to Professor Armstrong, he said that he could not agree that the experiments did not affect the conclusions arrived at by Moody.Moody’s contention was that pure iron would only undergo oxidation in contact with water and oxygen when carbon dioxide, or some such acid gas, is present; that, in the absence of this last, condition, pure iron will not rust. Moody’s experiments were con- ducted with impure iron and air which was only freed from acid gases; the conditions of experiment were further complicated by his method of treating the iron, so that no simple conclusion could be drawn from his experiments, and certainly none which could be applied to pure iron. Mr. Lambert said that experiments (an account of which was shortly to be presented to the Society) which had been carried out since this paper had been submitted showed that pure iron, made according to the method described in the paper, could be exposed to water and ordinary air without under- going oxidation-a result which showed that Moody’s contention was not true.With regard to the use of the term “pure,” such a term could only be used with a relative meaning in chemistry. Experiments on the lines of Mr. Philip’s suggestion had not been carried out. 293 302. “The colour and constitution of diazonium salts. Part 111. The diazo-derivatives of 2 :7-naphthylenediamine.” By Gilbert T. Morgan and Frances M.G.Micklethwait. Both the aminegroups of 2 : 7-naphthylenediamine can be diazotised by operating with sodium nitrite or nitrosyl sulphate in moderately concentrated sulphuric acid.The addition of ether and dcohol to this solution caused the precipitation of naphthalene-2 : 7-bisdiazonium sulpha te, C,,H6(N,*HSO,),,+C,H,* OH (compare Kaufler and Karrer, Ber., 1907, 40, 3263). This salt was utilised in the preparation of naphthalene-2 : 7-bisdiazoniurn platinichloride, C,(,H6(N,),PtCI,, 2H,O, aurichloride, C,,H6(N,*AuCI,), and dichromate, C,,H6(N,),:Cr,07. These bisdiazonium salts are decomposed quantitatively by sodium azide, yielding 2 : 7-bistriazo-naphthalene (naphthylene-2 :7-bisazoimide), N3*C,,H!*N3 (m. p. 98O), and when subjected to the Sandmeyer reaction in presence of hydrochloric acid they furnish 2 :7-dichloronaphthalene (m. p. 114O). These results were employed in the discussion of the authors’ views on the constitution of diazonium salts.303. ig Action of sodium amalgam on methylme ethers.” By Arthur Henry Salway. The author has investigated the action of sodium amalgam on 3-mebhoxy-4:5-methylenedioxycinnamicacid, and has found that the normal reaction is accompanied by a secondary change involving the disruption of the methylenedioxy-complex and the formation of /3-5-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpropionicacid, according to the following scheme : O/\CH:CH.CO,HCH2q-j I\/OMe OMe and HO/\CH,*CH,*CO,H,! (\/OMe A similar change was shown to be general in the case of those aromatic methylene ethers which contain an aliphatic side-chain uneaturated in the ap-position with respect to the benzene nucleas.294 304. ‘‘ The homogeneous decomposition of ozone in the presence of oxygen and other gases.” By David Leonard Chapman and Herbert Edwin Jones. The authors have continued the work of Clarke and Chapman, in which it was shown that the decomposition of ozone in glass vessels of a sufficient size is a homogeneous change. The results obtained have demonstrated that : (a)Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and possibly water vaponr have no effect on the rate of decomposition of ozone, that is, the rate of decomposition of ozone in the presence of these gases is a function of the concentration of the ozone only. (b) Nitrogen peroxide (Andrews) and chlorine accelerate in a marked degree the decomposition of the gas. (c) If the order of the change can be represented exactly by an integral ordinal number, that number is the second.305. ‘LThe addition of bromine to unsaturated compounds. Part 11.” By John Joseph Sudborough and John Thomas. The addition of bromine to the following acids in carbon tetra- chloride solution at 15O has been studied : Cinnamylideneacetic and nllocinnamylideneace tic acids, sor bic and hydrosorbic acids, the three dihydrocinnimylideneacetic acids, and crotonic, angelic, tiglic, /3-dimethylacrylic, and trimethylscrylic acids. The results confirm the conclusion already drawn, namely, that acids with an olefine linking in the ap-position react with bromine much less readily than isomeric py-or y8-acids. The presence of several methyl groups in the acrylic acid molecule.facilitates the addition of bromine to the acid. 306, ‘‘ Intermolecular condensation of aromatic sulphinic acids Part I.” By Thomas Percy Hilditch. It is found that when the chlorides of aromatic sulphinic acids are heated to 60-100d or kept in cold concentrated sulphuric acid, or when the free sulphinic acids are left for some time in sulphuric acid solution: a decomposition takes place, the nature of which is chiefly determined by the eubstituents in the aromatic nucleus, Thus, in general, those acids in which the para-position with respect to the sulphinyl group is unsubstituted give varying proportmiom of insoluble compounds of high melting points and of the corresponding disulphoxide, whilst if that position is oocupied, small amounts of 295 disulphoxide only are formed, With the heated sulphinyl chlorides, disulphides may appear with, or in place of, the disulphoxides.The insoluble derivatives possess the composition : R-C,H,: S,O,: C,H,*R, and were found to be closely connected with the insoluble by-products nearly always formed in syntheses of thianthrene. It has further been proved that the insoluble product thus obtained from benzene- sulphinic acid is analogous to the ‘(isothianthrene ” described by Genvresse, and that, since p-dichlorobenzene and benzene-p-disulphonyl chloride result from the action of phosphorus pentachloride on the compound, the sulphur atoms are united to each benzenoid residue through the para-carbon atoms. It is accordingly suggested that the term “isothianthrene ” be replaced by the more appropriate (‘pera-thian threne.” On account of the sparing solubility and volatility of these deriv- atives, it has been impossible to determine the molecular complexity of the parathianthrenes, but further proof of their para-configura-tion lies in their non-appearance from any para-substituted sulphinic acids.307. (‘Formation of a six-membered ring through the agency of the imino-group.” (Preliminary note.) By Ferdinand Bernard Thole and Jocelyn Field Thorpe. It is found that an open chain of five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom readily passes into the six-membered ring through the agency of the imino-group. Thus, when acetone is condensed with cyanoacetamide in the presence of piperidine or sodium hydroxide, an almost quantitative yield of the imino-imide (I)is formed, and when methyl ethyl ketone is used in place of acetone an equally good yield of the imino-imide (11.) is produced.F(:NH)*F]H*CO-NH, ?(: NH)*yH*CO*NH, YH ?Me, TH YMeEt CO---CH*CN CO--CH-CN (1.1 (11.) These substances are tautomeric imino-amine (ke timino-ena.mic) derivatives, which are quickly hydrolysed by dilute mineral acids, forming the imides (111.) and (IV.) respectively. YO-Q H*CO*NH, $!O--FH*CO*NH, TH ?Me, TH $!MeEt CO--Cl!I.CN C0-CH* CN (111.) (IV. 1 296 Either from the imino-imides or from the imides a quantitative yield of the /3/3-substituted glutaric acid is formed on acid hydrolysis.The imino-imides (I.) and (11.) undergo a further iminecondens- ation when treated with sodium ethoxide, yielding the di-imino- di-imides (V.) and (VI.). Q( :NH)*yH-yO F(:N H)$’H-TO .PIJH ?Me2 YH YH YMeEt TH C 0---C H-C :NH CO---CH-C :NH (V.) WI.1 These substances are tautomeric di-iminodiamino-compounds, which are readily hydrolysed by dilute mineral acids, forming the di-imides (VII.) and (VIII.) respectively. YO--? €€--yo FO-YH-VO TH ?Me, YH y€X YMeEt SJH C 0-CH-C 0 GO--CH-C 0 (VII.) (VIII.) These compounds are also converted into the corresponding dialkylglutaric acids on complete acid hydrolysis. 308. (( An instance illustrating the stability of the four carbon ring.” By Arthur Fred Campbell and Jocelyn Field Thorpe.It was shown that under the same experimental condition that produce ethyl aa-dicyanoadipate from ethyl 1-cyanocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate and ethyl cyanoacetate, the corresponding cyclobutane derivative, ethyl 1-cyanocyclobutane-1-carboxylate(I), is converted into an iminecompound (11.). CO,Et).CN QH2-Q(5!H2*7( CO,Et)*C(:NH) *CH(CN)*CO,Et CH,*CH, CH2*CH,-+ (1.) (11.) The derivatives of this imino-compound were described. 309. 6‘Narcissine: an alkaloid from the bulb of the common daffodil (Narcissus Pseudonamissus).” By Arthur James Ewins. A new alkaloid, narcissine, has been isolated from the bulb of the common daffodil (Narcissus Pseudonarcissus). It has been shown to possess the formula C,,H,,O,N, melts at 266-267O, and is laevorotatory ( [a] -95’8O). It contains no methoxy-groups, and is charact’erised by great stability. The hydrochloride, Cl6Hl7O4N,HC1,waa also described.297 310. “Preparation of ammonium nitrite by the sublimation in a vacuum of a mixture of ammonium chloride and alkali nitrites.” By Pafichaiian Neogi and Birendra Bhusan Adhicsrg. The authors have prepared in fairly large amount the unstable compound, ammonium nitrite, by evaporating and subliming in a vacuum a concentrated solution of ammonium chloride and alkali nitrites. The method of preparation of the compound, its properties, and the results of vapour density determinations by Hofmann’s method at different temperatures were described. 311.‘‘The action of halogens on mercuricamphor c~rnpounds.’~ BY James Ernest Marsh. Di-iodocamphor is formed by the action of iodine on each of the three mercuricamphor compounds, C,,H,,0,Hg212, (C,oH140)3Hg412, and (CloE140)4Hg512.Di-iodocamphor is decomposed in solution by the oxygen of the air with liberation of iodine and formation of camphorquinone. Di-iodocamphor and the mercuricamphors are thus shown to be ad-derivatives of camphor. The action of bromine on dimercuricamphor compounds and on di-iodocamphor gives act’-dibromocamphor. 312. The absorption spectra of various diketopyrroline compounds.” By John Edward Pnrvis. The results of this investigation show that (1) the diketonic structure gives rise to the production of a well-marked colour and absorption; (2) the introduction of a methyl or a propyl group in an aromatic side-chain produces no fundamental change in the colour or the absorption; (3) the introduction of an anisyl or a piperonyl group in an aromatic side-chain does not fundamentally alter the colour or the corresponding absorp- tion ;but another more refrangible band is produced characteristic of each type of radicle; (4) the replacement of oxygen in a ketonic group by phenylhydrazine produces a change in the colour and the absorption, so that two bands are developed, the less refrangible one being the stronger; (5) the replacement of both oxygen atoms and the establishment of a phenazine ring is marked by a further change in the colour from red to yellow, a decrease in the strength of the less refrangible band, and an increase in the strength of the more refrangible one; (6) the increased weighting of the molecule shifts the positions of general absorption towards the more refrangible regions.295 313. ‘ Studies of the processes operative in solutions. Part XII. The apparent hydration values of acid-systems and of salts deduced from a study of the hydrolytic activities of acids.” By Frederick Palliser Worley. An account was given of an extended series of observations on the behaviour of cane-sugar in aqueous solutions towards chlorhydric and nitric acids, and of the influence of salts on the rate of change. The results were discussed with reference especially to the determination of the apparent hydration value of the solutes.314. “ Studies of the processes operative in solutions. Part XIII. The depression of the hydrolytic activity of acids by paraffinoid alcohols and acids.” By Henry E. Armstrong and Frederick Palliser Worleg. It was shown that the depressant influence increases as the molecular weight of the depressant increases. 315. “Studies of the processes operative in solutions. Part XIV. The determinations of apparent hydration values by means of raffinose.” BY Walter Hamis Glover. The values arrived at when raffinose is hydrolysed in presence of salts were shown to be practically identical with those obtained on using canesugar as hydrolyk. 316. ‘I Studies of the processes operative in solutions.Part XV. The changes effected by the reciprocal interference of sugar (and glncosides) and salts in aqueous solutions.” BY Walter Hamis Glover. This communication is an extension of the work described in Part X (Proc. Roy. SOC.,1908, 81,A, 117), in which the effect of cane-sugar on the rotatory power and electrical conductivity of solutions of various salts was considered. The sugars studied are raffinose, together with melibiose, milk sugar and a-and &methyl- glucoside. 317. Studies of the processes operative in solutions. Part XVI. The determination of optical rotatory power.” By Frederick Palliser Worley and Walter Hamis Glover. Various refinements were described that have been made use of in carrying out the determinations described in Parts XI1.-XIV.299 318. (( Studies of the processes operative in solutions. Part XVII. The relative efficiencies of acids as deduced from their con-ductivities and hydrolytic activities (IL).” By Henry E. Armstrong and Edward Wheeler. The acids studied are chlorhydric, bromhydric and iudhydric- the acids formed by the dissolution of the three hydrides HC1, HBr, HI. 319. ‘L Studies of the processes operative in solutions. Part XVZ.XI. The depression of electrical conductivity by non-electrolytes.” By Henry E. Armstrong and David Crothers, Results were given showing the effects produced at Oo and 25O. Attention was particularly directed to the remarkable manner in which the depressant effect increases as the molecular weight of the depressant increases.320. “Studies of the processes operative in solution s.Part XIX. The complexity of the phenomena afforded by solutions: a retrospect.” By Henry E. Armstrong. A summary was given of the results recorded in previous com- munications of the series and their bearing on the problems afforded by solutions was discussed. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Michaelis, Leonor. Dgnamik der Oberflkhen. pp. iv +88. Dresden 1909. (Recd. 3/11/10.) From the Author. Molinari, Ettore. Trattato di chimica inorganica. pp. xvii +924. ill. 3rd edition. Nilano 1910. (Red 7/11/10.) From the Publisher : Ulrico Hoepli. Villavecchia, Vittorio. Dizionario di merceologia e di chimica applicata. 3rd edition. Vol.I, A-M. pp. xv+ [779]. Milano 1910. (Refeyence.) From t,he Publisher : Ulrico Hoepli. 11. By Purclwse. Grimmer, TP. Chemie und Physiologie der Milch. pp. xii+ 364. ill. Berlin 1010. (Recd. 16/11/10.) Herzog, Alois. Die Unterscheidiing der natiirliche n und kunstlichen Seiden. pp. 78. ill. Dresden 1910. (Recd. 16/ 11 /1 0,) 300 Holleman, A. F. Die direkte Einfiibrung von Substituenten in den Benzolkern. Ein Beitrag zur L~SUII~des Substitutionsproblems in aromatischen Verbindungen. pp. vi +5 16. Leipzig 19 10. (Recd. 16/1I/ 10.) Richter, Max Moritx. Lexikon der Kohlenstoff -Verbindungen. Lieferung I. 3rd edition. pp. 160. Hamburg 1910. (Rderence.) Schwalbe, Carl G. Die Chemie der Cellulose. Part I. pp. 272. Berlin 1910. (Recd.16/11/10.) 111. Pumphlets. Gortner, Boss Aiken. On some new quinazoline derivatives. pp. 49. Easton, Pa. 1909. Gutbier, A., and Banz, 3. Zur Kenntnis der Wismutperoxyde. (From the Sitzungsber. Physik.-Med. Sox. Erlangen, 1908, 40.) Hamalainen, Juho. Ueber isomere Borneolglykuronsauren. (From the Skccnd. Arch. Physiol., 1909, 23.) --Zar Spaltbarkeit der Bxneol- und Carnphoglykuronsauren duieh Euzymo. (From tho Slcnnd. Arch. I’hysiol., 1910, 23.) Heyl, Georg. Ueber die Alkaloide von Corydalis solida Sm. (From the Apoih. Zeit., 1910, 25.) --Ueber Corydalis aurea. (From the Bpoth. Zeit., 1910, 25.) Hintz, 3. Ueber den Arsengebalt der Maxquelle zu Bad Diirkheirn a.d. Haardt. (From the Zeitsch. Balneol., 1910, 3.) Holsti, 0ste.n. Zur Kenntnis des Pliosphorurnsatzes beim Menschen. (From the Skand.Arch. Physiol., 1909, 23.) Hooper, David. The secretion of Phomnicc marginella, Olivier. (From the J.I’TOC.Asiatic SOC.Bengal, 1909, N.S. 5.) Imperial Institute. Selected Reports from the Scientific and Technical Department. 11. Gums and Resins. 111. Foodstuffs. pp. 136 to 203, 200 to 267. London 1909,1910. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. Report for the year 1908. pp. 65. Calcutta 1909. Janecke, Ernst. Legierungen. pp. 100. ill. Hannover 1910. Krogh,August, and Krogh, Muvie. The mechanism of gas-exchange. I-VII. (From the Xkand. Arch. Physiol., 1910, 23.) Lehmann, F. Ueber den einfachsten Modus der Zuckerbestilvlniung in Ham. (From the Apoth. Zeit., 1910, 25.) Luzzatto, R., and Satta, G.Intorno a1 comgortanrento nell’ organism0 aniaiale dei Jodoso-, Jodi1 e Jodonio-composti. I. Coni-portamento del ,Todoso-benzolo. (From tho Arch. Fam2. sperim. 1909, 8.) Meyer, J. de. Allgeineioe Bemerkungen uher die glykolytisch en Prozesse unter Bezugnahme auf die Arbeiten der Herren Stoklasa, Oppenheimer und Rosenberg. (From the Zentr. Physiol., 1910, 23.) 301 Meyer, Julius. Bemerkungen uber die Ferments der Milch. (From the Arbciten uug dem Kaiser2. Geaundheitsanate, 1910, 34.) Moir, James. Genetic connexions between the chemical elements. (From the S. African J. Sci.,1910.) Motolese, Francesco. Sulle proprietk farmacologiche dell’acido picrico. (From the Arch. Farm. sperim, 191.0, 9.) Neuberg, Cad.Verhalten von racemischer Asparaginsaure bei der Faulnis. (From the Archiv. Fisiol., 1909, 7.) Neuberg, Carl. Zur Frage der Pigmentbildung. (From the Zeitsch. Krebsforschung, 1909, 8.) Oesterle, 0. A., and Riat, G. Zur Kenritnis des Aloins. (From the Schweix. loch. Chem. Pharsn., 1909.) Patta, Aldo. Contributo allo studio dells supposta azione ricosti- tuente dei fosfati, dei glicero fosfati, delle lecitine sopratutto in condizioni di esaurimento e di depressione del sistema nervoso e del ricambio. pp. 83. Pavia 1909. --Osservazioni intorno a1 comportamento degli ipofosfiti nell’ organismo. (From the Arch. Farm. sperim., 1910, 8.) Rancken, Dodo. Ueber die Einwirkung der Massage auf den Eiweissumsatz im Organismus. (From the Shand.Arch. Physiol., 1910, 23.) Reis, Robert. Phytochemische Untersuchung der Erythraea Centaurium Pers. pp. 46. Straesburg 1909. Royal Society of Arts. Directory. Edited by Sir E1enl.y Tmernan Wood. pp. 76. London 1909. Runne, Ernst. Titration von Alkrtloidsftlzen. (From the Apoth. Zeit., 1909, 24; 1910, 26.) Rupp, Z., and Klee, TP. Ueber die Darstellung von Sublimat aus Quecksilbersulfat und Kochsalz auf nassem Wege. (From the Apoth. Zeit,, 1910, 25.) Rusconi, ArnaZdo. Sulla ricerca dell’agrostemma nelIe farine aiimentari e nel pane col metodo dell’ emolisi. (From the Boll. Xoc. Med.-Chir. Pavia, 1910.) --L’emolisi come mezzo analitico per la ricerca delle saponine nella birra, nelle acqiie gazose, e nei vini. (From the Boll. Xoc.Med.-Chir. Pavia, 1910.) Santesson, C. G. Ueber die Einwirkung von Giften auf einen enzymatischen Prozess. (From the Siiand. Arch. PhysioZ., 1909, 23.) --Ueber die Wirkung von Kaliumbromat. (From the Arch. Fisiol., 1909, 7.) Scherer, Hermann. Ueber Phytosterine und einige fette Oele. pp. 63. Miilhausen i. E. 1909. Serono, Cesare. Metodo per la preparazione dei Metalli colloidali stnlili. (From the Arch. Farm. ~yerina.,1910, 9.) 302 RESEARCH FUND. A Meeting of the Research Fund Committee will be held h December next. Applications for grants, to be made on forms which can be obtained from the Assistant Secretary, must be received on, or before, Monday, December 5th, 1910. All persons who received grants in December, 1909, or in December of any previous year, whose accounts have not been declared closed by the Council, are reminded that reports must be in the hands of the Hon. Secretaries not later than Thursday, December 1st.The Council wish to draw attention to the fact that the income arising from the donation of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is to be more or less especially devoted to the encouragement of research in inorganic and metallurgical chemistry. Furthermore, that the income due to the sum accruing from the Perkin Memorial Fund is to be applied to investigations relating to problems connected with the coal tar and allied industries. At the next Ordinary Scientific Meeting on Thursday, December Ist, 1910, at 8.30 p.m., there will be a bdlot for the election of Fellows, and the following papers will be communicated : “ The triazo-group.Part XV. Triazoethylene (vinylazoimide) and the triazoethyl halides.” By M. 0. Forster and S. H. Newman. ‘‘ The determination of solubility coefficients by aspiration. Pre- liminary note.” (‘The autereduction of hydrazines.” By W. J. Jones. F. D. Chattaway and M. Aldridge. “ The nitro-derivatives of dimethyl-p-toluidine.” By G.T. Morgan and A. Clayton. 303 CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATE8 FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from “ General Knowledge” are printed in italics. The following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on Thursday, December, lst, 1910. Applebey, Malcolm Percival, Hill View, Foxcombe, near Ox€ord.Fereday Fellow, St. John’s College, Oxford. Part author of paper on ‘‘Some Physico-chemical Properties of Mixtures of Pyridine and Water ” (Trans., 1908, p. 538). Research Assistant to the Earl of Berkeley. Berkeley. N. V. Sidgwick. E. G. J. Hartley. H. T. Tizard. H. Hartley. Banerjee, Manindranath, 3, Padmanath Lane, Shambazar, Calcutta. Senior Locturer of Chemistry, Bengal National College, Calcutta. Author of a series of papers entitled ‘‘India-through her Industries : I. Nitre Industry in Tirhut (Bengal),” being published in the Modern Review since May, 1910. Communicated a paper ‘‘ On a Simple and Convenient Apparatus for the Determination of Equivalents of Metals and the Estimation of Carbon Dioxide both Directly and Indirectly,” to the Chemical Society in May, 1910. Serving as Senior Lecturer in Chemistry and head of the Chemistry Department of the Bengal National College and School, Calcutta (India), since 1906. Studied three years in the Civil Engineering Department of the Government C.E. College, Sibpur (Bengal). Paul Bruhl. P. C. Ray. Jyoti Bhushan Bhaduri. Anirita La2 Xircar. Chuni Lal Bose. Barwick, Fred Wilkinson, Rathlyn, Kilmorey Gardens, St. Margaret’s-on-Thames. Senior Assistant and Mercers’ Research Fellow, Scientific and Technical Department, Imperial Institute, London j now appointed 304 Manager, Public Textile Testing House, Technical Institute, Belfast. Associate, Bradford Technical College.Has specialised in the examination and testing of vegetable and animal fibres and textile mat erials. Wyndham R. Dunstan. Ernest Goulding. Thomas Anderson Henry, Henry H. Robinson. Saml. S. Pickles. Bhatt ac har ya, Sar at Chandra, M.A.(Calcutts), Hazaribagh, Bengal, India, Professor of Chemistry, St. Colurnba’s College, Hazaribagh. Passed the M.A. examination of Calcutta University from Hughli College in 1895. Has been a successful teacher of Chemistry for the last twelve pars. J. A. Cunningham. Eidhu Bhushan Dutt. P, C. RAy. Jyoti Bhurrhan, Bhaduri. David Eooper. Bosworth, Stewart McGregor, 65, Abingdon Villas, Kensington, W. Chemical Assistant to J. Y. Buchanan, Esq., F.R.S., at Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory.Bachelor of Science (London) ; Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain ; sometime Assistant to Dr. H. Wilson Hake at Westminster Hospital Medical School ; assisted in a, Research on the “ Hydrochloric Acid in Gastric Contents of Mice,” which was published in the Proyal Society’s Proceedings : also in a Research on the (‘Poisonous Gases evolved from Ferro-Silicon,” published in the Local Government Report, 1909, etc. Alexander Scott. A. Liversidge. J..Y. Buchanan. H. Wilson Hake, Hugo Muller. Bracher, Andr6, 30, Guilford Street, London, W.C. Analytical Chemist. Assistant for five years to A. W. Stokes, Esq., F.I.C., F.C.S. (Public Analyst). Student four years, Polytechnic, Regent St. (Chemistry, etc.). Present position, Analyst to Dairy Supply Co., Ltd., Museum St,, W.C.Frank E. Weston. Cecil Eevis, Wm. Hy. Collier. H. R. Ellis. Alf. W. Stokes. John Wilson. 305 Brady, Frederick Hugh Rochfort, 12, Park View Avenue, Harolds Cross, Dublin. Chemist, Pharmaceutical Chemist, Ireland, by examination. Henry I. Gorman. Thomas Tyrer. Henry Boyers. Philip F. Rowsell. John Gerard Hughes. C. G. Moor. Briggs, John C., East View or Gas Works, Workington. Gas Engineer. Assistant Engineer and Chemist, Workington Corporation Gas Dept. Consulting Engineer to a number of small gas undertakings. Member Society Chemical Industry. Graduate Inst. Mech. Engineers. Honoursman : Gas Engineering, Manufacture and Distribution, and other Science subjects.Varied experience arid investigations as Consultant in the Chemistry of Gas manufacture and by-products, and the design of apparatus. Jas. D. Dougnll. Pattinson B. Melmore. Frank Wood. IV. H. Watson. J. Robinson. Briscoe, Henry Vincent Aird, 33, Bsrgery Road, Catford, S.E. Professor’s Assistant in the Royal College of Science (Department of Chemistry). Associate of the Royal College of Scieiice (in Chern- istry) ;Bachelor of Science (London). T. E. Thorpe. G. T. Morgan. M. 0. Forster. James C. Philip. F. P. Dunn. Brown, John, Technical Institute, Timaru, New Zealand. Director. of Agricultural Instruction. B.Sc. (Glasgom). Four years training in the Chemical laboratories of Glasgow University and the West of Scotland Agricultural College ; formerly lecturer on Agricul- ture and on Soils and Manures in the West of Scotland Agricultural College, and expert on Manures and Feeding Stuffs to the County Gentlemen’s Association; now in charge of the laboratory of the Technical Institute, Timaru, and conducting investigations in the department of agricultural chemistry.H. W. Poets. R. A. Berry. Robt. D. Watt. H. H. Green. Cecil H. Desch. 306 Buttle, Bertram Haward, 63, Claremont Road, Forest Gate, London, E. Science Master, Archbishop Holgste’s School, York. Two contri-butions to the Society, jointly with Dr. J. T. Hemitt : ‘( Solubility of Silver Chloride in Mercuric Nitrate,” and “ Constitution of Polynitro- phenols in Alkaline Solution.” J. T. Hewitt.Clarence Smith. F. G,Pope. F. S. Long. C. Miiller. Camp, Frank Anthony, c/o Parry & Go., Madras, India. Chemist. Analyst to Messrs. Parry & Co., Sugar Refiners, Madras ; formerly Assistant Chemist to Rlessrs. Garton, Hill & Go., Battersea. Leonard Temple Thorne. Charles A. Keane. B. E. R. Newlands. E. Haynes Jeffers. J. C. Crocker. Challenger, Frederick, 324, Mansfield Road, Carrington, Nottingham. Research Student in Organic Chemistry. B.Sc. (Lond.) ; A.I.C. ; 1851 Exhibition Scholar, 19 10. Educated at Ashville College, Harro-gate. Obtained London B.Sc. (Honours) in Chemistry after three years’ work at Derby Technical College. Research Scholarship at University College, Nottingham, since Jan., 1908. Publications -jointly with Prof.F. 8. Kipping, F.R.S.-“ Organic Derivatives of Silicon. Part XI1” ;‘‘Dibenzylethylpropylsilicane and Sulphonic Acids derived from it. Part XI11” ; “ Optically Active Compounds containing One Asymmetric Silicon Group.” Unpublished research on ‘‘Organic Derivatives of Phosphorus.” Proceeding to University of Gottingen in Oct., 1910, to work under Prof. Otto Wallach. F. Stanley Kipping. R. M. Caven. Henry J. S. Sand. W. N. Haworth. J. H. A. Hebron. A. Jamieson Walker. Colgate, Reginald Thomas, Bromfield, 26, Birdhurst Rise, S. Croydon. Assistant Demonstrator. Now occupying post as Lecture- Assistant at City and Guilds Institute, Central Technical College. Joint author (with Mr. E. H. Rodd) of Paper communicated to the Society, June, 1910 : ‘‘Sulphonic Derivatives of the 1 :4-Di-derivatives of Benzene containing Halogens.” Henry E. Armstrong. J. Vargas Eyre. T.Martin Lowry. W. Robertson. Fredk. P. Worley. 307 Coslett, Thomas Watts, Steel Road, Northfield, Worcesterahlre. Inventor and Patentee of the Coslett Anti-Rust Process. Author of Papers relating to the above method. Interested in Chemical Science generally, especially with regard to oxidation of metals. H. W. Jones. Arthur Adams. Harry Silvester. R. Lloyd Whiteleg. F. *u.Thomas. Crawford,. David Chalm ers, Elsenburg, Mulders Vlei, Cape Colony. Lecturer in Chemistry, Government College of Agriculture, Elsen-burg. Graduate of Aberdeen1; University &LA., B.Sc., B.Sc.Agr. Lecturer in Chemistry, and Analytical Chemist, Elsenburg.James Hendrick. F. R. Japp. George N. Blac kshaw. James ~kfoi~. E. 7.Hack Davies, John Hughes, St. Peter’s College, Peterborough. Vice-principal of St. Peter’s College (for the Training of Teachers), Peterborough. B.Sc. (Univ. of Wales) ; Ph.D. (Univ. of Leipzig) ; formerly 1851 Exhibition Scholar, and Assistant in Physical Chemistry at Leipzig. Have published several scientific researches :--Perman and Dnvics : Proc. Roy. Soc., 76, p. 173,1905 ;Chem. iJTews,May 18tb, 1906 ; PTOC.Roy. Soc., 78, p. 28 ; Trans. Chsnz. SOC.,91, p. 1113, 1007. Le Blanc and Dctvies : Zeits. f. E’lektrock., 14, 361, 1907. Davios : Proc. Roy. Soc., 78, p. 41, 1906 ;Zeits.f.physik. Chcm., 64, p.657, 1908 ;Inuug. Dissert., Univ. of Leipzig, 1908. Claude 11.Thompson. E. P. Perman. Robt. D. Abell. Norman Picton. l? P.Armitaye. Dodd, Arthur,‘(Lyndhurat,” Belvedere, Kent. Manager of Messrs. C. Price SC Co.’s Oil Works at Belvedere. have been engaged in practical oil refining and manufacture of oil products for the last 16 years, and am desirous of following chemical literature by studying papers appearing in the Journal of the Chemical Society. J. Lewkowitsch. Wesley Lambcrt. Robert Redwood. J. B. Gall. L. Myddelton Nash. H. Heron Smith. 308 Duncan, James Hugh, 18, Park Place, Cardiff. Analytical and Consulting Chemist, For last two years general partner of Treharne and Duncan, Analytical and Consulting Chemists, 125, Bute Street, Cardiff.Student for four years at Merchant Venturer’s Technical College, Bristol. Sat for London B.Sc. Hons. in Chemistry, obtaining exemption from Pass Exam. in that subject. Obtained Second Class Hons. in Practical Chemistry Board OF Educa-tion. Desires making extended use of your library and publications. J. Wertheimer. F. Gwilym Treharne. F. W. Rixon. Bernard Dyer. H. Stanley. Frank bK G. bring. Emmett, William Gidley, Cnius College, Cambridge. Student. Nat. Sciences Tripx, Pt. I., 1st Class; Pt. IT. (Chemistry), 2nd Class. Formerly Scholar of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Engaged in research. H. 0. Jones. Charles T. Heycock. W. J. Pope. H. J. H. Fenton. J. G. M. Dunlop. Ensor, Ainslie Jaokson, B.Sc.(Birm.), 67, Cannon St., Wellingboro’, Northants. Principal, Wellingborough Technical Institute. 1903-1 906, Student University of Birmingham ; 1906-1 908, Tutor (Science) Training College for Men, Univ. of Birm. ;Demonst. Chemistry, Sutton Coldfield Tech. School, 1906-1908 ;also at Selly Oak and Stirchley. Percy F. Frankland. C. K. Tinkler. Alex. Findlay. Alex. McKenzie. IIenrg Wren. Finlayson, John George, 13, Monarch Terrace, Blaydon-on-Tyne. Cambridge University, Natural Sciences Tripos, Part I, June, 1907. Science Master, Blaydon Secondary School. Instructor in Chemistry, Durham County Council, Charlw T. Heycock, Henry Jackson. W. J. Pope. Duncan T. Bichards. W. J. Sell, Arthur J, Berry. J. E. Purvis. 309 Goddon, George Alexander, lS, Rylett Crescent, Shepherd’s Bush, IV.Manufacturing Chemist. Am desirous of coming in touch with current scientific literature. C. T. Bennett. Edwin Harrison. W. Carter White. Ernest J. Parry. John C. Umney.Holt, Fred, B.Sc., 28, Mere Street, Rochdale. Research Student. Studied Chemistry for three years in the University of Manchester. First Class Honours B Sc. Examination. Working in the Research Laboratories. Harold B. Dixon. Alfred Holt, jun. W. H. Perkin. Norman Smith. A. Lapworth. Ch.Weizmann. Knecht, Edmund, M.Sc. Tech. (Manch.) Ph.D., Municipal School of Technology, Manchester. Professor of Technological Chemistry in the University of Man-Chester. Author of many papers in the Beyiclhte, etc., on the Theory of Dyeing and on Analytical Chemistry.Harold B. Dixon. R. Robinson. W. H. Perkin. Ch. Weizmann. Norman Smith. E. C. Edgar. H. F. Coward. A. Lapworth. Arthur W. Crossley. Khan, Prince Mahmood Ali, Zafermanzl, Rampur State, U.P., India, Late Personal Assistant to H.H. the Nawab of Rampur. Chief Excise Officer. Chief Officer of Foreign Property. (1) B.A. Western University ; (2) Diploma in Dairying, University College, Reading ; (3) Diploma in Agriculture, University College, Reading; (4)B.D.F.A. Certificates iu Butter and Cheese; (5) Desirous of keeping in touch with the advance of Chemical Science; (6) N.D.D. Royal Agricultural Society of England ; (7) B.D.F.A. Diploma. J. K. H. Inglis. J. W. Dodgson. P. C. Austin.John W. Tajleur. C. TV. Walker-Tisclale. Knight, William Arthur, 5, The Green, Marlborough. Assistant Master at Marlborough College. M. A. Cantab. F. Francis. Reginald G. Durrant. F. W. Rixon. J. E. S. Tuckett. Arthur W. C~ossley. 310 Lambert, Bertram, M.A., 34, Leckford Road, Oxford. Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry in the Univorsity Laboratories. William Odling. Harold Hartley. J. E.Marsh. John Watts. D. H. Nagel. hllm F. Walden. F. D. Chattaway. Low, Kenneth Stewart, 3, Luxemburg Gardens, London, W. Metallurgist and Assayer. Educated at St. Paul’s School, First studied Chemistry at the S.W. Polytechnic-passed Sessional Examina- tion and obtained Certificate of Merit ; afterwards at Royal College of Science (passed Chemistry, Part I., theoretical and practical) ; and Royal School of Mines (Assaying and Metallurgy, theoretical and practical, Parts I.and 11.) ; Associateship (Metallurgy, 1906). Assistant Assayer with Messrs. J. S. MacArthur & Co., Glasgow. Research Chemist with Mesars. C. Pass & Son, Bedminster Smelting Works, Bristol; and for the past three years Chief Chemist and Assayer to the Penhalouga Proprietary Mines, Ltd. W. Gowland. G. T. Morgan. F, W. Harbord. W. H. Merrett. E. 0. Courtman. Lowe, Clement Ward, Tliorney holme, Knutsf ord, Cheshire. Manufacturing Chemist. Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry (1891). Member of the Society of Arts. Member of the Society OF Chemical Industry. I studied Chemistry under Sir Heiiry Roscoe and the late &!Ti.Carl Schorlemmer at Owens College, Mancheater, for a period of four or five years. During the latter part of the time I was occupied with original work, and acted as a private assistant to the late Mr. Schorlemmer. A paper by me on Dibenzyl Ether was published in the Jouvnal of tlhe Clhenzical Xociety about the year 1889. Since the death of my father, in 1898, who was one of the earlier Fellows of the Chemical Society, my time has been entirely devoted to the business of manufacturing chemist. R. Le Neve Foster. Thomas Tyrer. Watson Smith. FiZZiam Cyookes. William Thornson. MacGeorge, David Jackson, Rangoon Refinery Co., Ltd., Thilama, Burma. Oilworks Chemist. Four years’ training as a student -assistant iu 311 Laboratory of Edinburgh City Analyst ; three and a-half years assis- tant chemist in Scottish Shale Oil Works, Broxburn Oil Go., Ltd.; one year chief chemist Inclo-Burma Petroleum Co., Burma ; one year chief chemist and assistant manager, Rangoon Refinery Co., Ltd., Burma ;am a member Edinburgh University Chemical Society.J. Falconer King. John M. Guthrie. John S. Ford. G. H. Gemmell. J. ?ryci$ Black. McNish, Malcolm, Shortsands, St. Neots, Hunts. Manufacturing Chemist. During the years 1906 and 1907 I studied the Chemistry of Fermentation at the University Chemical Laboratories, Cambridge, and during the years 1908 to 1910 I studied Analytical Chemistry as applied to the above in the laboratory of Mr. Chaston Chapman, 8, Duke St., London, E.C.During two years I have had practical experience in the manufacture of malt extract and other malt products in the works of Messrs. Paine & Co., Ltd., St, Neots, Hunts, and am now engaged in doing analytical work in that firm’s laboratory. Alf. Chaston Chapman, Barth. F. Sawbridge. Fred. T. Harry. J. E. Purvis. W. J.Sell. Majima, RikG, 37, Linden Garden, Notting Hill Gate, W. Assistant Professor Chemical Institute, University, Tokio. Author of various papers published in Berichte ; for example, on “Terpinen,” on ‘I Japanese Lack,” etc., etc. Alexander Scott. Hugo Miiller. Edward Divers. James Dewar. James D. Kettle. Masson,James Irvine Orme, 2, Chester Street, Edinburgh, M.Sc. (Melbourne).Student of Chemistry. Formerly Lecturer on Chemictry in Ormond College (Univ. of Melb.); and Victorian Govern- ment Research Scholar in Chemistry. Now 1851 Exhibition Research Scholar. Publications :-‘<The Action of Water of Crystallisation on Calcium Carbide ” (J.C.S., Trans.,1910, 851); ‘‘ The Decomposition of Metallic Cyanates by Water ” (jointly with Professor Masson) (Z.P.C.,lxx, 290j. James Walker. Alex. C. Gumming. Orme Masson. Alex, Crum Brown. William Earnsay. 312 Merton, Thomas R., B.Sc. (Oxon.). 18, Grosvenor Street, W. Research Student, Balliol College, Oxford, Dissertation on the ‘‘Viscosity and Density of Solutions of Cmium Nitrate.” John 33. Thomson. D. €I. Nagel. Herbert Jackson. Harold Hartley. N.Garrod Thomas. Mitchell, Alec Duncan,‘‘ Cai nock,” Hartley Road, Leytonstone. Research Assistant. B.Sc. (London, 1908), First Class Honours ; formerly Jurrior Demonstrator at East London College (Univ. of London); Research Assistant to Dr. J. F. Thorpe (Sorby Research Fellow in University of Sheffield) ; joint author of several papers in Journal of Society(l908, 842; 1909, 1430, 2198, and 1910, 997). J, P.Thorpe. Clarence Smith. W. Palmer Wynne. J. Kenner. J. T. Hewitt. J. J. Fox. F. G. Pope. H. V, Mitchell. Mitra, Dhirendranath, B.A. Dip. in Agri. (Shibpur). 89/2, Musjeed Bari Street, Calcutta. Lecturer in Physics and Chemistry in the Collego of Physicians and Surgeons, Rengal, and in the Calcutta Medical School. Also Demon-strator in Chemistry, Metropolitan Institution, Calcutta.B.A. in B Course of the Calcutta University, and Agricultural Diploma holder (Shibpur). Paul Btiihl. P. C. RBy. Bid hu Bhushan Dutt. Jatiniharmth Sen. Jpoti Bhuslmn Bhaduri. Moore, Harold, 84, Kalashnikoff Quay, St. Petersbnrg. Post-graduate Student of the Municipal School of Technology, Manchester. B.Sc. Tech. (Manchester). Studied Applied Chemistry for three years at the Municipal School of Technology, Manchester (1906-1909). Also had one year’s experience at Research under Professor Knech t. Stanley J. Peachey. E. L. Rhead. F. S. Sinnott. H. F. Coward. F. G. Richards. Nair, Valliyil Govindan, B.A. (Madras), B.Sc. Tech. (Victoria), 223, Upper Brook Street, C-on-M., Mancheater.Student, School of Technology, Manchester. Student of the 313 Presidency College, Madrar (India), from 1902 to 1904 under Prdf. W. H. Wilson, Ph.D., F.I.C., F.C.S., and took the B.A. Degree in Chemistry in 1905. Worked in the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute, Puss, India, from 1907 to 1908 under the Fibre Enpert, R. S. Finlow, Esq. B.Sc., F.C.S., etc. Student of the School of Technology (Department of Applied Chemistry), Manchaster, from 1908 onwards, and took the Degree of B.Sc. Tech. (Victoria) in July, 1910. Jul. Hiibner. F. S. Sinnatt. L. G. Radcliffe. Jas. Grant. S. J. Peachey. F. G. Richards. Myers, James Eckeraley, B.Sc., ‘‘ Acresfield,” Gatley, Cheshire. Research Student in the University of Manchester. Student for Three years in the Chemical laboratories of the University of Msn-Chester.ESc. with First Class Honours in Chemistry. Engaged in Research. Harold B. Dixon. Norman Smith. W. H. Perkin. Alfred Holt, jun. A. Lapmortb. Ch. Weizmann. E.C. Edgn. Newman, Sidney Herbert, 181, Brooke Road, Upper Clapton, N.E. Research Chemist at the Royal College of Science. BSc. (London). Formerly Student at the East London College. ,Joint author of several papers in the Society’s Journal. M. 0. Forster. Frank G. Pope. J. T. Hemitt,. James C. Philip. Clarence Smith, G. T. Morgan. Paterson, John Hamilton, Carmyle, Wellington St., Grimsby. Teacher of Organic Chemistry, and Analyst in private practice. RSc. (Dun.), 1902 ; Rf.Sc. (Dun.), 1910, by research in Analytical Organic Chemistry.Work done consists of : (1) A method of estimnt-ing hydroxyl groups in organic compounds. (2) A method of deter-mining acetic acid in commercial vinegar. (3) An apparatus for the combustion of volatile organic liquids. Recipient of the Saville Shaw Memorial Medal (1902) given by the SOC.of Chem. Ind. for work on selenium. P. Phillips Bedson. J. A. Smythe. S. Hoaro Collins. Arthur Japes. A. Forster. 314 Pennington, Alfred John, “ Oakley,” Fallowfield, Manchester. Manufacturing Chemist. Author of “ Mineral Waters and their Uses ” ;L‘The Practical Mineral Water Rlanufacturer ” ;(( Notes on the Essential Oils of Commerce,” etc., etc. Three years laboratory, James Audley, B.Sc., F.C.S.Two years laboratory, Idris & Co., Ltd., London. Ten years as Manufacturiog Chemist, Bratby and Hinch- cliffe, Ltd., Manchester, London, and Glasgow. T. H. W. Idris. Herbert J. Qover. James A. Audley. 31.S. Pickering. I?. R. Stephens. Posford, Benjamin Ashwell, (‘Wood Dene,” Kippington, Sevenoaks, Kent. Analyst. Assistant in the laboratories of Percy EdgertoD, Esq., 96, Cheapside, E.C., since 19th October, 1908, Percy Edgerton. William Ramsay. F. Mollwo Perkin. John W. Heath. Jccines D.Kettle. Prasad, Hari, 9’7, Roseneath Road, Urmston, Mnnchester. Bachelor of Arts of the Punjab University. Bachelor of Science of the Victoria University of Manchester. Student for two years in the Chemical Dept. of the University of Manchester.Harold B. Dixon. E. C. Edgar. W. H. Perkin. Alfred Holt, jun, Norman Smith. Rrtmsden, Frederick Valentine, Alexandra Street, E. St. Kilda, Victoria. Assayer. Student Assistant, H. W. Levy (10 months). Student Assistant, Mines Department Laboratory, Victoria (13 months). Assistant, H. W. Levy, F.C.S. (15 months). Assistant, Miues Department Laboratory (9 months). At present Assistant Assayen Royal Mint, Melbourne. Francis R. Power. Henry W. Levy. Robert Law. D.Auery. A. H. Jackson. Ransome, Alfred Oswald, “ Beechwood,” Greenock Road, Paisley. Analytical and Works Chemist. Five years Analytical and Research Work, Oil Cloth manufacture, One and a-half years General Analytical 315 Research work. One year Works Chemist, Lubricating Oil Works.Two and a-half years at Works (Analytical and Research) and at Fish Oil Works (Refiners) as Head Chemist (present position). John Stewart Remington. T. Marshall Tyson. George Frederick Wesley Thomas Gray. Martin. F. Henry Xtreatfeild. Rees, Thomas Jobn, B.A.(Cantab.), B.Sc.(Wales), Cwmllynfell, Swansea Valley. Graduate, Christ’s College, Cambridge. Four years’ experience in the University Laboratories, University College of Wales, Aberystwyt h. Two years’ experience in the University Laboratories, Cambridge. Late lecturer in Chemistry at the Technical School, Lowestoft. 11. J. H. Fenton. C. S. Gibson. W. J. Pope. W. J. Sell, A. E. Bellars. Rele, Gangarani Rajendrarao, 18, Entwistle Street, Manchester.Three years’ study at the Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay, of which I obtained the Diploma of L.T.M. Service as Sizing and Weaving Master in two of the Indian mills. Two years’ study at the M.S.T., Manchester, in Applied Chemistry ; obtained Certificate of the Victoria University. Jul. Hiibner. L. G. Radcliffe. S. J. Peachey. F. S. Sinnatt. Jas. Grant. Ridgway, Joseph, Rownall Hall, Wetley Rocks, Stoke-on-Trent. Flour Miller. Cambridge Natural Sciences Tripos, Parts I and 11, 1903 and 1904. Reason for desiring to become admitted : At present engaged in a manufacturing process in which Chemistry is beginning to play an active part. J. E. Purvis. H. 0. Jones. W. J. Sell. H. J. H. Fenton. F. W. Dootson. T. B. Wood.Robinson, James Beglar, Kilmarnock Dairy School. Student. Three years’ Diploma in Agriculture as awarded by Armstrong College (Durham University). The course under taken 316 includes General Chemistry, particular importance being attached to Agricultural Chemistry-theoretically and practically. P. Phillips Bedson. J. A. Smythe. S. Hoare Collins. I?. A. Berry. 11. 11.Greeqb. Sen, Rajendra Nath, 41, Machnabazar Street, Calcutta, Tndia. Professor of Tinctorial Chemistry, Engineering College, Sibpur, Bengal, India. M.A. (Culcuttt) ; il1.S~.(Leeds). Diploma holder in dyeing (Leeds) ;Silver medallist in cotton and wool dyeing (City and Guilds of London) ; Member of the Society of Chemical Industq ; clone some research work in Colour Chemistry under Prof.Green (papers to be soon published). A. G. Grwn. Arth tir Smithe11s. J. B. Cohen. A. G. Perkin. H. R. Procter. Sharpe, Frederick Herbert, The Ferns, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Analytical Chemist. Assistant to Dr. Geo. Tilte, Analyst, Liverpool, for 7 years. Assistant Teacher of Chemistry, Technical School, Liverpool, for 8 years. George Tate. William Herbert Miles. Thomas John Roberts. A2fred 8metham. Frederick Robertson Dodd. Smith, Percy Lancelot James, Army College, Storrington, Sussex. Army Tutor in Science. M.A., Oxon., Honours Chemistry. A.I.C., Branch E. (Food and Drugs). Scisnce Master for past eleven years. 1903-1 907, Chief Science Master, Blackburn Grammar School. Alf. Chaston Chapman.A. Jafft5. F. W. Richardson. W. W. Fisher. Robeyt H. Pickard. Smith,William James Pittock, 9, Meddowcroft Road, Gerard Road, Wallasey . Creamery Manager. Student : connexion with Analytical Chemistry. As a student I attended a full course at, the Midland Agricultural and Dairy Colleze, Derby, and passed the Diploma Examination, which included Practicbl and Theoretical Chemistry and Bacteriology. 317 have also passcd in Chemistry in the LancaFhire and Cheshire Instit utes Examination, John Golding. C. W. Walker-Tisdale. H. D. Richmond. John F. I’ayleur. Fredk. J. Lloyd. Srivastave, Jwalla Prasad, 20, Curzon Avenue, Victoria Park, Manchester. For two years a Student under Prof. H. C. Chatterji, B.A,, Christ Church College, Cawnpore; for one year a student under Dr.E. G. Hill, Muir Central College, Allahabad, and for two years a student at the Municipal School of Technology, Manchester, in Applied Chemistry, where I obtained the degree of B,Sc. Tech., First Class with Honours. Jas. Grant. Stanley J. Peachey. F. G. Richards. F. S. Sinnatt. E. L. Rhead. Temperley, Claude Vareille, Trent College. Senior Science Master. B.Sc. (Lond.). Student, Bonn and Manchester Universities. Wishes to keep in touch with chemical progress. H. B. Dixon. Norman Smith. ’UV. H. Perkin. R.ICobinson. Ch. Weizmann. A. LC6+N..GOrth. Terrey, Augustus George, 47, Cltnn Hall Road, J,eytonstone, Essex. Chemist. Assistant to Messrs. Sanitas Co., Ltd.,London (Dkinfectant Manufacturers).Ex-student of the Leyton Technical Institution Science Classes. Student of Chemistry under ’UV. Robins, B.Sc., F.I.C., and at Sir John Cass Technical Institute. Am anxious to have access to the Society’s publications and Library. Charles A. Keane. W. Gordon Carey. H. Burrows. C. T.Kingzett. R. C. Woodcock. 3’. Henry Sti.entfeiZd. Turner, Joseph, Azo House, Birkby, Huddersfield. Chemist, Director of Messrs. Read Holliday & Sons, Ltd., Aniline Colour Manufacturers, Huddersfield. R. Meldola. J. C. Cain. G. T. Morgan. A. G. Green. M. 0.Forster. 318 Turbutt, Richard Babington, Royal Artillery Mess, Woolwich. 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery. Honours in Natural Science (Chemistry Branch) in the Final School of Natural Science at Oxford University.Bachelor of Arts of the same University, and desirous of learning everything new in the manufacture of explosives, steel for guns, etc, Henry A. Bliers. N. Y. Sidgwick. H. L. Bowman. Andrea Angel. D. H. Nagel. H. B. Baker. Wallis, Robert Lauder Mackenzie, Llwyndu, Cardiff Road, Llanishen, S. Wales. Lecturer in Chemical Physiology, University College, Cardiff. Late Scholar, Downing College, Cambridge. Investigations : (‘On Chylous and Pseudo-chylous Ascites, Part I.,” Quart. Journ. Med. (Oxford), April, 1910. “The Effects of Electric Baths on the Excretion of Creatinin in the Insane,” Journ. Ment. Science, April, 1910. ‘‘On the Chemical Changes in Milk, and their Relation to Epidemic Diarrhea of Infants,” Local Government Board Report (ready for publication).“ On Chylous and Pseudo-chylous Ascites, Part II.,” Quart. Journ. Ned., Sept., 1910. B.A. (Cantab). H. 0. Jones. Robert D. Abell. H. J. H. Fenton. Claude M. Thompson. H. Jackson. F. G, Treharne. W. D. Halliburton. Charles T.Heycock. Williams, Arthur Bernard, Coychurch Rectory, Bridgend, S. Wales. Analytical Chemist and Lecturer in Chemistry. Four years’ experience as Assistant in Public Analysts’ Laboratories. Five years’ experience as Science Master in Public and Agricultural Schools. First Class in Chemistry in Science and Art Examination, etc., etc. Rhys P. Charles. Clareuce A. Seyler. E. Howard Tripp. George Enabrey. Herbert Eccles. Williams, Herbert Goulding, Robert Gordon’s College, Aberdeen. Teacher, B.Sc.(Hon.) of London University, Head of Chem. Dept. and Teacher of Advanced Classes in Chemistry in the above Institution, having Adult Evening Classes and a Secondary Day School. T. S. Murray. F. R. Japp. Charles E. Browne, E. w.L.Foxall. B‘dniund M, 12ich, 319 Wright, William Norman Stewart, 26, Lansdowne Crescent, Glasgow, W. Analytical Chemist. Student under Dr. Clark, City Analyst, 138, Eath Street, Glasgow, also at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College, Chemist to the British Boiler Cleaning and Xnamelling Co., 201, Stobcross Street, Glasgow. Thomas Gray. R. R. Tatlock. G. G. Henderson, R. T. Thornson. A. B. Steven. Yusuf, Syed Muhammad, Chemistry Department, School of Technology, Manchester.Student at M-unicipal School of Tecbnology, Manchester. Three years’ Course in Chemistry at M. A. 0. College, Aligarh (India), and two years at the Engineering College, Roorkee (India). Two years’ Day Course at the School of Technology (Manchester), at the end of which obtained degree of B.Sc. Tech. in Applied Chemistry from Marichester University. Jul. Hubner. Jas. Grant. E. L. Rhead. F. G. Richards. F. 8. Sinnatt. S. J. Peachey. The following Certificates have been authorised by the Council for presentation to Ballot, under Byelaw I (3) : Gram,Marshall Perley, Brunswick, Maine, U.S.A. Asst. Prof. of Chemistry in Eowdoin College, and lecturer in the Maine Medical School. Received the degrees of A.B. in 1906 and A.M.in 1905 from Bowdoin College, and of Ph.D. in 1908 from the Johns Hopkins University. At present head of the department of Chemistry in Bowdoin College. Published, with J. Bishop Tingle, ‘‘ Preparation of the Aniline Derivatives of Phthalic Acid and of Snccinic Acid ” (Am. Chem. J., 37, 596) ; with J. Elliott Gilpin, “The Fractionation of Crude Petroleum by Capillary Diffusion ” (U.S. G. 8. BUZZ., 365). Ira Remsen. W. R.Lung. J. Bishop Tingle, A Zexander SInitli Crichton, Charles, Afrikander Mine, Klerksdorp, Transvaal. Analytical Chemist. Four years’ experience with F. Jobson, Esq,, F.I.C., Sheffield ; two years in charge of laboratory at Sheffield Test and Experimenting Works, and five years Chief Assayer to Elein- 320 fontein aroup of Mines, At present Cyanide Works Manager and Aseayer to the Afrikander Prop’ty Mines, Ltd., Klerksdorp.J. K. Erskine. Gramont, Count Arnaud de, Rue de l’Universit6, 49, Paris. Distinguished as a spectroscopist. Has contributed many memoirs to scientific journals. William Ramsay. L. Troost. A. Hsller. Th. Schlmsing. Armand Gautier. H. Le Chatelier. L. de Boisbaudran. Leechman, Alleyne, Government Laboratory (55 Main Street), Georgetown, British Guiana. Science Lecturer, Department of Science and Agriculture, British Guiana. Having been a Natural Science Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and manufacturing chemist in the employ of the Australian Drug Co., Ltd., Sydney, N. S. Wales, and now holding the pod of Science Lecturer, I am anxious to keep in touch with recent developments of Chemical Science.J. B. Harrison. Jno. Williams. E. P. Minett. Tschugaeff, Leo, St. Petersburg. Professor of Chemistry at the University of St.. Petersburg. The principal investigations of L. Tschugaeff concern the following questions of scientific chemistry : (1) the optical activity of organic bodies; (2) the chemistry of terpens and camphor derivatives; (3) the chemistry of cobaltamrnines and other complex compounds, and (4)tribolumineiscence. Svante Arrhenius. William Ramsay. Vance, John Fleming Culun Brown, 947, Richard St., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Public Analyst for the Corporation of the City of Vancouver. Appointed May lst, 1907. Hold British Columbia Government Certificate for Efficiency in Assaying and Analytical Chemistry.Member of the Canadian Mining Institute. Chief Metallurgist to the Kamloops Mines, Ltd. (from Sept., 1’304, to Sept., 1906), Kamloops, B.C. J. O’Sullivan, J. P. Wright. R. CLAY AND SONS, LTD., BREAD ST. HILL, E.C., AND HUXQAY SUFPOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9102600257
出版商:RSC
年代:1910
数据来源: RSC
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