|
1. |
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 26, No. 376 |
|
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 26,
Issue 376,
1910,
Page 241-256
Preview
|
PDF (978KB)
|
|
摘要:
Issued 11/11/lo PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Vol. 26. No. 376. Thursday November 3rd, 1910, at 8.30 p.iii., Professor HAROLDB. DIXON,M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., President. in the Chair. Messrs. Charles W. Meanwell aiicl R. O’F. Oakley were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were rea,d for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Bertram Haward Buttle, 63, Claremont Road, Forest Gate, E. Frank Anthony Camp, c/o IliIessrs. Parry & Co., Madras, India. David Chalmers Crawford, M.A.. B.Sc., Elsenburg, Mulders Vlei7 Cape Colony. Arthur Dodd, Lyndhurst, Belvedere, Kent. Fred Holt, B.Sc., 28, Mere Street. Rochdale. Prince Mahmood Ali Khan, B.S., Zafermanzl, Rampur State, U.P. India. James Eckersley Myers, B.Sc., Acresfield, Gatley, Cheshire.Sidney Herbert Newman, B.Sc., 181, Brooke Road, Upper Clap- ton, N.E. Alfred Oswald Ransome, Beechwood, Greenock Road, Paisley. Rajetidra Nath Sen, &LA., M.Sc., 41, Machuabazar Street, Calcutta. Arthur Bernard Williams, Coychurch Rectory, Bridgend,S.Wales. Of the following papers, those marked * were read: 242 *276. (‘Researches on bleaching powder.” By Robert Llewellyn Taylor. The author has investigated the action of carbon dioxide and of air on bleaching powder. When carbon dioxide acts on bleaching powder, either solid or in solution, nothing but chlorine is evolved. The conclusion is drawn that the action of carbonic acid is exactly like the action of any other acid, hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids being produced and decomposing each other with the liberation of chlorine. Hence the action of hydrochloric acid on carbonates is a reversible one. Air free from carbon dioxide sweeps out very slowly a little hypo- chlorous acid from a solution of bleaching powder.This is due to the hydrolysis of the hypochlorite in the solution. Ordinary moist air liberates from solid bleaching powder at first a mixture of hypochlorous acid and chlorine, and finally nothing but chlorine. In aqueous solution tlie action is almost the same. It was shown that the action of bromine on alkalis is a reversible om, and the conclusion is drawn that the action of chlorine is the same. The carbon dioxide in air unites with the free lime, and t,hen the calcium chloride present reverses the action, liberating chlorine.Air free from carbon dioxide expels a considerable amount of chlorine from a solution of bleaching powder, from which some of the free lime has been removed. Such a solution bleaches more rapidly than an ordinary solution, and calcium chloride or salt added to it helps to reverse the action, liberating more chlorine, and further stimulating the bleaching action. In the ordinary bleaching process, chlorine is probably the active bleaching amgent,, hypochlorous acid only playing a minor part. DIscusSION. The PRESIDENTasked whether the author thought it necessary to assume that carbonic acid had the power of decomposing sodium or calcium chloride, when he had shown that carbonic acid liberated chlorine from a solution of bleaching powder by combining with the free hydrate, and so reversing the action of chlorine on calcium hydrate : 2Ca(OH), + 2C1, CitC1, + Ca(OCl), + 2 f1,O.Dr. SENTER,referring to the author’s view that carbon dioxide liberates both hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids from bleaching powder, said that it did not seem justifiable to adduce as evidence in favour of this suggestion the fact that carbon dioxide turns methyl- 243 orange red in preseiice of sodium chloride. It could be shown (compare Bohdan von Szyszkowski, Zeitsch. phgsikal. Chem., 1910, 73,273) that, so far as purely chemical interchange between the components is concerned, the hydrogen-ion concentration in a solution containing carbon dioxide and sodium chloride is less than for the carbon dioxide alone in water. The observed effect on methyl-orange must therefore be ascribed to some other factor, doubtless to the so-called ‘‘ neutral salt action ” illustrated, for example, by the observation of Arrhenius that’ the catalytic action of acetic acid is increased by the addition of salts, such as sodium chloride. In the present case the neutral salt probably acts by increasing the dissociating power of the medium.The effect 011 methyl-orange is therefore to be ascribed to increased ionisation of the carbonic acid in the salt solution, and not to the liberation of hydrochloric acid from the sodium chloride. Prof. GREENcould confirm Mr. Taylor’s view of the reversibility of the reaction between halogens and alkalis, at least in the case of bromine and iodine. Thus an alkaline solution of iodine gave the starch reaction even in presence of a considerable excess of alkali hydroxide.Mr. TAYLOR, in reply, stated that whilst he had shown that the carbon dioxide in the air caused the liberation of chlorine in the way described, yet the action of pure carbonic acid on bleaching powder was so very much more rapid than that of air that it suggested a complete decompmition (such as is produced by other acids) rather than the reversed action which was induced by the removal of the free lime. The equation quoted by the President did not necessarily represent what took place when bleaching powder was made, but simply the condition of equilibrium in which it existed in solution.“277. ‘‘ Azomethineazo-dyes.’’ By Arthur George Green and Rajendra Nath Sen. In order to investigate the effect on the colour and dyeing pro- perties brought about by the simultaneous presence in a compound of the azomethine and azo-groups, the authors have prepared and examined a number of dyes obtained by condensing phenetole- azobenzaldehydesulphonic acid, OEt°C6H,*N2*C6H,(S0,H)*CH0, with various amines and diamines. These compounds, of various complexity, are all yellow, crystalline products, which dye wool readily in fast shades. Affinity for cotton is only manifested when the compound is derived from a para-diamiae. The introduction of an auxochromic group (OH or NMe,) has practicalIy no effect 244 on the dyeing properties, and does not increase the tinctorial power, augment the affinity, or change the shade.Moreover, the colour is almost independent, of the number of azomethine groups in the molecule. The members of the series which do not contain an auxochromic group possess, like the azo-dyes of the stilbene class, t.0 which they have some structural analogy, a considerable degree of fastness to alkalis, light, and chlorine. DI s cusSION. Prof. GREENsaid, in reply to Dr. Cain, that the colour of the azoniethineazo-dyes was uninfluenced by the introduction of naphthalene nuclei in the molecule. The ethoxy-group did not act as an auxochrome in these compounds. Ethoxy-groups apparently only exhibited auxochromic action when they could act as salt-forming groups by combination with acids.s-278. '' Syntheses in the epinephrine series. Part 11. The formation and properties of some 2 :5-and 2 :6-substituted pyrazines and their conversion into amino-ketones and imino-diketones." ByFrank Tutin. o-Chloroacetophenone, w-chloro-p -methoxyacetophenone, and o-c7~lo~o-mp-dimet7zoxyacetopl~enone,when heated with ammonia, yield mixtures of 2: 5- and 2: 6-substit,uted pyrazines. The two series of reactions involved proceed as follows, after replacement, of the halogen : 2 : 5-Diphenylpyrazine, 2 : 6-diphenylpyrazine, pp'-dintethoxq-2 : 5 -diphenylpyrczine, pp' -dinoethoxy -2 : 6 -diphenylwrazine, mm'ppt-tetramethoxy-2 : 5-diphenylpyrazine, and mm'pp' -tetra-rnetiioxy-2 : 6-diphenylpyraaine have thus been prepared.The reactions represented above can be reversed: by treatment wit11 hydriodic acid the pyrazine derivatives mentioned yield respectively the hydriodides of the following bases : w-aminoaceto phenone, diphenacylamine, w-amino-p-hydroxyacetophenone, ppl-di-~ydl.oxydiphenucylami.ne,w-amino-mp-dihydroxyacetophenone,and mm pp1-tetruhydroxydiphenacylam ine. Diphenacylamine and its derivat'ives, when heated with ammonia, yield 2 : 6-substituted pyrazines. o-Ghloro-o-methoxyacetoplaenone and w-chloro-op-dime thoxyaceto-phenone yield only resinous products when heated with ammonia, 295 but, through the agency of potassium phthdimide, salts and derivatives of o-amino-ehydroxyacetophenone and o-amino-op-di- hydroxyacetophenone have been prepared from these chloro-ketones.The last-mentioned two bases, when dissolved, pass spontaneously into oo1-dihydroxy-2 : 5-diphenylpyrazine and oolppl-tetrahydroxg-2 : 5-diphenylpyrazinerespectively. All t’he hydroxy-ketonic bases mentioned, with the exception of o-amino-o-hydroxyacetophenone,are physiologically active. pp’-Dihydroxy-Z : 5-diphenylpyrazine, on fusion, passes into a “ liquid-crystalline ’’ state, which persists over a range of 41.4O. Numerous salts and derivatives of the compounds mentioned above were described. “279. ‘‘The absorption spectra of some substituted pyrazines and their salts.” By Frank Tutin and Frederic William Caton.The authors have exa.mined the absorption spectra of 2: 6-di-phenylpyrazine, pp1-dimethoxy-2 : 6-diphenylpyrazine, and nzm ’ppr-tetramethoxy-2 : 6-diphenylpyrazine, and of the monohydrochlorides and monohydrobromides of these bases. 2 : 5-Diphenylpyrazine and its monohydrochloride, and py1-dimethoxy-2: 5-diphenyl-pyrazine and the corresponding salts of this base have also been examined spectroscopically. A number of mono-and di-acid salts of the above-ment’ioned bases, and of mmlppl-t et ramet hox y-2 : 5-diphen ylp yrazine were described. *280. “Studies in the camphane series. Part XXVIII. Stereo-isomeric bydrazones and semicarbazones of camphorquinone.” By Martin Onslow Forster and Adolf Zimmerli. The a-and /3-c~mphorguino.rzehydrccxorzes, C:N*NH,C,H,,< 1 ,producedGO simultaneously by the action of hydrazine hydrate on the diketone, and melliing at 206O and 102O respectively, are interconvertible by heat.Phenylcarbimide transforms them into the a-and /3-camphor-melting at 211” and 161’ respectively, a mixture of which is produced by the condensation of camphorquinone with phenylcar bamylhydrazide, and also by the action of hot aniline on the camphorquinonesemicarb- azones. One of the last-named substances, the a-compound, has been 246 already described by Lapworth and Chapman (Traszs., 1901, 79, 381), and melts at 236”, whilst the ~-campho~~~~~i~nonesernicarbnzone, melts at 147O, and is converted into the a-modification at tem-peratures between these melting points.Each semicarbazone is transformed into t,he acetyl derivative of the corresponding hydrazone by hot acetic anhydride, and of these the a-cicctyl-hydrazone (m. p. 239O) is changed into the 6-acetylhydmzone (m. p. 150O) by acetic anhydride, the converse transforma.tlion being effected by heat. Both hydrazones are oxidised immediately to diazocamphor by cold aqueous mercury acetamide, and they are both regenerated from the diazo-compound by reduction with alcoholic ammonium sulphide. In view of these relationships, and since the members of each pair of hydrazones, semicarbazones, and phenylcarbamyl-hydrazones differ but little from one another in optical activity, whilst the only chemical distinction hitherto brought.to light is the transformation of the P-semicarbazone into camphane-oxytriazine by alkalis, which leave the a-semicarbazone unaltered, the authors believe that stereoisomerism prevails in this group, and that their experiments give support to the Hantzsch-Werner hypothesis. DISCUSSION. Mr. W. ROBERTSONsubmitted that the authors had not proved their case. In the first instance, the conclusion drawn that the a-and &compounds were not polymerides had yet to be definitely established ;the wide differences in solubility and in melting point were at’ variance with this conclusion. Exception was also taken to the dismissal of the “phane” formula for the hydrazone on the evidence available. Moreover, if the Hantzsch-Werner tetra- hedral configuration of the nit,rogen atom, postulated by the authors, ‘Iwere examined, there were two phane ” hydrazones possible according to the linking broken on the reduction of the diazo- camphor : Thus there should be four, not two, isomeric hydrazones of 247 ca.mphorquinone capable of existence on this hypothesis.Another constitution for a hydrazone wa.s suggested its worthy of con-~~ *C==ZNsideration, namely, ‘&OH) *kH’ as this ‘(carbonyl-ammonia” deriv-ative might be expected to react like n hydrazone of the constitution *$!:N*NH, ‘CO Dr. FORSTERdid not agree that two “phane” hydrazones are possible. being under the impression that according to Hantzsch and Werner the tetrahedral configuration of the nitrogen atom is supposed to apply only to those cases in which that element is multiple-linked with another atom, so that on adding hydrogen to diazocamphor the nitrogen valency-directions would distribute themselves in one plane.“281. The constituents of gelsemium,” By Charles Watson Moore.6i The material employed in this investigation consisted of the dried rhizome and roots of Gelseinizinz sentpervirens, Aiton. An alcoholic extract of the drug, when distilled in a current of steam, yielded a small quantity of a.n essential oil. The non-volatile constituents of the extract consisted of a brown resin insoluble in water, and material which remained dissolved in the cold aqueous liquid. The resin, which amounted to about 3.8 per cent. of the weight of the drug, yielded pentatriacontane ; traces of emodin monomethyl ether ;a phytosterol, C27H460(m. p.136O ;[a], -40’4O); a small amount of ipuranol, C23H3,02(0H)2;and a mixture of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linolic acids. The portion of the alcoholic extract of the drug which wils soluble in water contained scopoletin (a monomethyl ether of asculetin), which was present in the free state, and also in the form‘ of a glucoside, together with a quantity of sugar. It yielded, furthermore, three alkaloidal products, one of which, gelsemine, has been obtained in a pure, crystalline state, melting considerably higher than has hitherto been recorded (178O instead of 160°), and which has been shown to possess the formula C20H2202N2.The other alkaloidal products, one of which corresponds with the secalled “gelseminine ” of Thompson (Jailresber., 1887, 2218) and Cushny (Ber., 1893, 26, 17251, were amorphous, and no crystalline derivatives could be obtained from them.248 282. ‘‘Some phenolic derivatives of &phenylethylamine.”By George Barger and Arthur James Ewins. In order to examine the relationship between physiological activity and chemical constitution the authors have prepared a number of bases related to and intermediate between p-hydroxy- phenylethylamine and a-3: 4-trihydroxy-/3-phenylethylmethylamine (adrenaline), the two latter bases being chemically and physiologi- cally similar. The following bases were described : 4-hydroxy-8-m- tolyZethylamime, 0H *C,H,* CH,*CH,*NH,, 3 : 4-dihydroxg-B-phen ylethylamine, C,H,(OH),*CH,*CH,*NH,, 2 : 3 : 4-trihydrozy-B-pheiaylethylamime, C,H,(OH),*CH,*CH,*NH,, and w-unzino-2 : 3 : 4-trihgdroxyacetoplteno~te,C,H,(0H)3CO*CH,*NH2. A number of intermediate products employed in the synthesea were also described.283. “Chloroamine reactions : methylenechloroamine.”* By Charles Frederick Cross, Edward John Bevan, and William Bacon. The authors have extended the observations of Raschig (Ber., 1907, 40, 4586) on monocEloroamine, and have characterised the products of reaction of gelatin and various proteins with chlorine as chloroamine derivatives. Meth~Zenecl~loroarni~e,CH,:NCl, is prepared by the inter-action of monochloroamine and formaldehyde according to the equation NH,Cl + CH,O =CH,:NCl+ H,O.The compouiid is readily obtained from hypochlorites (N / 2-solution) by adding ammonium chloride and f ornialdehyde at the ordinary temperature. It crystallises from chloroform in large needles. 284. “The formation and reactions of imino-compounds. Part XIV. The formation of Whydrindone and its derivatives.” By Alec Duncan Mitchell and Jocelyn Field Thorpe. It was shown that the compound prepared by Gabriel and Hausmann by the action of ethyl sodiomalonate on o-cyanobenzyl chloride, and described by them as ethyl o-cyano-fi-phenylpropionafe * This name is retained pending the final settlement of the constitution of the compound, in order to indicate its relation to chloronmine. 249 (I), is in reality ethyl 1-iminoliydrindene-2-carboxylate(II), and that it is converted by hydrochloric acid into ethyl l-hydrindone- 2-carboxylate (111).It was also shown that under suitable conditions the liormal product of this condensation, namely, ethyl cyanobenzylmalonate, CN*C6H4*CH2*CH(CO2Et)2, can be prepared, and that on treatment wit8h a small quantity of alcoholic sodium ethoxide it passes at once into ethyl carbonate and ethyi 1-iminohydrindene-2-carboxylate. In the same way the normal product of the condensation of ethyl sodioacetoacetate with o-cyanobenzyl chloride, namely, ethyl o-cyano- a-benzylacetoacetate, CN*CGH,*CH,*CH(CO~le)*CO,Et,passes into ethyl acetate and ethyl l-iminohydriiidene-2-carboxylate,and when the sodium compound of ethyl cyanoacetate is used, the normal product, namely, ethyl a-o-dicyano-p-phenylpropionate, CN*C,H,*CH,*CH(CN)gCO,Et, passes under the same treatment into 1-imino-2-cyanohydrindeneand ethyl carbonate.The prodncts derived from these imino-compounds and from the corresponding ketones were described. 285. “Experiments on the synthesis of the terpenes. Part XIV. Synthesis of d-and I-Ag-?mnenthenol( S), dt-A4-~rt-rnenthenol(8), and their derivatives.” By William Henry Perkin, jun. The author described the conversion of 1-methylcyclohexan-3-01-5-carboxylic acid (Truns., 1909, 95, 1889) into 1-methyl-A5- and I-methyl-A~-cycZohexen-3-carboxylicacids, the resolution of the former into its active modifications, and the synthesis, with the aid of these acids, of the menthenols and menthadienes mentioned in the title.286. “Experiments on the synthesis of the terpenes. Part XV. A3-m-Menthenol(8) and A”:*(’”)-rn-menthadiene.:’By Bernard Dunstan Wilkinson Luff and William Henry Perkin, jun, The authors have discovered a new method by which l-methyl- A3-ccycZohexen-3-carboxylicacid may be prepared in quantity and converOed into A3-m-menthenol(8) and A3 :8(g)-mmenthadiene. The physical properties of these substances were discussed in detail. 287. ‘‘The morphotropic relationships between silicon and carbon compounds of corresponding compositions.” By GeorgeJerusalem. The suggestion made by Barlow and Pope as a resulb of tsheir work on crystal structure, that carbon is the only element.which 250 is fundamentally quadrivalent, and that silicon and the other elements of group IV exhibit a fundamental valency of two, finds support in the fact that no properly authenticated case is known in which carbon and silicon are isomorphously replaceable. It ie remarked that corresponding carbon and silicon compounds of high molecular symmetry and great molecular complexity might be expected to exhibit isomorphous or morphotropic relationships in spite of the difference in fundamental valency between the two elements. The author has determined the crystalline forms of tribenzylcarbinol, tribenzylniethyl chloride, tribenzylsilicol, tri-phenylcarbinol. and triphenylsilicol, and shows that a very close morphotropic relationship holds between the first three compounds ; t-his furnishes the first recorded case of morphotropy between corre- sponding carbon and silicon compounds.It was further shown that t.he crystallographic data, just as is the case in the humite series of minerals, accord rather better with the view that the fundamental valencies of carbon and silicon are in the ratio of 4 to 2 than with that in which the same fundamental valency of 4 is assigned to both elements. 288. ‘‘The resolution of externally compensated pavine and a-bromocamphor-r-sulphonic acid.” By William Jackson Pope and Charles Stanley Gibson. A convenient method was described for preparing the dihydro- papaverine, pavine, and a process wils detailed for resolving it quantitatively into its optically active components by the use of d-and I-a-bromocamphor-n-sulphonicacid.The optically active pavines can be used in effecting the resolution of externally compensated a-bromocamphor-n-sulphonic acid. 289. “The rotatory powers of the salts of d-and I-camphor-@sulphonic acid with tJ-and 2-pavine.” By William Jackson Pope and Charles Stanley Oibson. The salts of d-and I-pavine with d-and I-camphor-j?-sulphonic acid have been prepared, and determinations made of the rotatory powers of these four salts for light“ of three different wave-lengths. The molecular rotatory powers of the basic and acidic ions can be calculated roughly from the observed values obtained from the above salts in dilute aqueous solution, but the discrepancies are too large to be attributed to experimental error.251 290. “ Externally compensated tetrahydroquinaldine (2-methyltetra- hydroquinoline) and its optically active components.” ByWilliam Jackson Pope and John Read. Externally compensated tetrahydroquinaldine (2-methyltetra-hydroquinoline) crystallises when its solution in light petroleum. is cooled in liquid air, and on inoculating the pure substance at the ordina.ry temperature with the solid thus obtained, crystsllisation occurs. A method was described for quantitatively resolving the base into its optically active components by the aid of d-and 7-a-bromoca.mphor-7-sulphonic acid. 291. ‘‘The distillation of mixtures of enantiomorphously related substances.” By William Charles Evans.The mode in which a, number of optically active mixtures of d-and I-camphor and of d-and I-2-methyltetrahydroquinoline behave on distillation under varying conditions has been studied. It, was shown that in these cases the mixtures behave like single substances on distillation, and that no separation of the compoiients csn be effected by distillation under ordinary or diminished pressures. 292, “The tertiary acidic and alkyl derivatives of fhamphorimide.”By William Charles Evans. For the purpose of investigating the similarity of behaviour of phthalimide and d-camphorimide, a number of acidic and alkyl derivatives of the latter have been prepared by methods applicable to the former imide.The sodio-derivative of d-camphorimide, the corresponding bromo- and iodo-imides, and the tertiary alkyl com-pounds in which the iminic hydrogen atom of d-camphorimide is replaced by methyl, ethyl, benzyl, and p-nitrobenzyl, have been prepred and examined polarimetrically. 293. ‘‘ Ths relation between the crystal strudture and the chemical composition, constitution, and configuration of organic sub-stances.” By William Barlow and William Jackson Pope. The authors have extended their previous work on this subject, aiid have applied the methods previously used to the study more particularly of the paraffins, olefines, and acetylenic hydrocarbons. Thus, homogeneous, close-packed assemblages have been constructed 252 of spheres of atomic influence of two kinds, representing carbon and hydrogen and of the volume ratio, 4: 1, present in the numerical proportions indicated by the general composition, C,,H2n-I.2.of -the paraffins; it is found that such an assemblage can be devised to correspond in composition with any parafin, and that the geometrical partitioning of the assemblage yields a molecular unit in close accord with the generally accepted space configuration of the paraffins.Assemblages have also been con-structed corresponding with the olefine and acetylenic hydrocarbons, and these exhibit geometrical features, which, it is claimed, repre- sent the presence in the molecule of mi ethylenic and acetyienic bond respectively. The relation existing between the acetylenic and aromatic hydrocarbons has also been examined in a siniilar man ner .It has also been shown that the geometrical results obtained are in accordance with the crystallographic data available for the halogen derivatives of the hydrocarbons. 294. '' Synthesis of 1 : 1 :3-trimethylcyclohexene (cyclogeraniolene). '' By Arthur William Crossley and Charles ailling. 1 : 1: 3-T~~imethylcyclo72e.xa~z-3-0Zhas been prepared by the action of magnesium methyl iodide on C~lep<cH2---C kJ )>CH, 1: 1-diniethylcyclohexan-3-one. TheCH2'CMe(o '' hydroxyl group of the alcohol is readily displaced by bromine, and from the resulting bromide, potassium hydroxide eliminates the elements of hydrogen bromide wit'li production of isomeric forms of 1: 1: 3-trimethylcycZohesene, which have been proved to be identical with cyclogeraniolene.295. ''The viscosity and density of casium nitrate solutions." By Thomas Ralph Merton. The densities and viscosities of solutions of czsium nitrate in water have been determined at Oo, loo, 1S0, and 25O a.t con-centrations varying from 0v02-ATto saturation. The results are in agreement with the general principles discovered for other salt solutions. In the case of czsiuni nitrate solutions the viscosity decreases with increasing concentration. 296. ('The starch-iodine reaction." By William Harrison. The author finds that in the formatioil of the blue iodide of starch the presence of iodides is not necessary. The blue colonr is formed with pure iodine, but the depth is increased by the presence 253 of any salt or weak acid.The gradual addition of alcohol changes the blue to violet, red, orange, a.nd yellow, and the reverse change takes place on dilution with water. The same colour-change is produced by carefully heating the blue solution, and the reverse phenomena are observed on cooling. This colour-change is analogous to the colour-change of colloidal gold solution, investigated by Zsigmondy, which changes from red to blue on adding salts. The author succeeded in preparing a blue colloidal solution of iodine in water containing glycerol and no starch, but the colour only rema.ined for a fraction of a. second, the iodine being precipitated. It was shown that all the iodine can be removed from starch iodide by washing with pure water, and the conclusion is drawn that the blue solution of iodine and starch is a colloidal solution of iodine, the starch acting as a, protective colloid. It was further shown that the reactions of dextrins and starch celluloses can be obtained with starch under certain conditions, from which the conclusion is drawn that dextrins and starch celluloses are all different colloidal states of starch and not chemically different compounds.207. ‘‘ Aromatic hydroxy-sulphoxides.” By Maud Gazdar and Samuel Smiles. The hydroxy-derivatives of aromatic sulphoxides are attacked by concentrated sulphuric acid, furnishing substances which exhibit a deep blue colour in that medium. As a.preliminary to the investi- gation of the reaction, the sulphoxides of p-cresol, 0-and p-chloro- phenol and their derivatives have been examined. 298. 6b Binary mixtures of some liquefied gases.” By Bertram Dillon Steele and L.S. Ragster. The authors have examined the variation of vapour pressure with temperature and with composition for mixtures of sulphur dioxide a.nd hydrogen bromide, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen iodide. Curves have been drawn for total and partial pressures through a considerable temperature range and also the pressure-composition curve of each pair at one temperature. A specially constructed apparatus was employed, admitting of the removal of samples of both liquid and vapour for analysis.The vapour-pressure curve of mixtures of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen bromide is of a well-known type, and is such as might be expected from the properties of the ingredients. In the case of hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen bromide, the curves show that a mixture exists of minimum vapour pressure or maximuni boiling point. This is interesting in view of the fact that the solution is not an electrolytic conductor, and that neither ingredient forms associated molectiles, whilst the hypothesis that the peculiarity is due to the formation of an additive compound is difficult to reconcile with the fact that hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen iodide give a different form of curve. This mixture affords a new instance of the soniewhat rare phenomenon of an ideal biiiary mixture, that is, one to which Raoult’s law applies over the -cvliole range of concentration.299, (‘Lead silicates in relation to pottery manufacture.” Part 11. By Sir Edward Thorpe and Charles Simmonds. The authors have carried out some experiments showing the direction in which certain constituents of lead silicates influence the resistance of the silicates to attack by dilute acids. Alumina makes the compounds more stable; sodium oxide has the opposite effect; boron trioxide decreases the resistance in some cases, but has no such influence in others. Attention was also cirawn to a recent publication by Beck, Lowe, and Stegmuller dealing lvith the rjame subject. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.I. Donaiiom. Armstrong, Edwad FmnkEand. The simple carbohydrates and glucosidee. pp. ix+ 113. London 1911). (Recd. 17/10/10.) From the PuMishers : Msssra. Lmgmaus, Green and Uo. Baker, Rz’chcird T.,and Smith, Henry G. Aresearch on the pines of Australia. pp. xiv+ 458, ill. Sydney 1910. (Recd. 25/10/10,) From the Authors. Leathes, John Reregford. The fats. pp. ix + 138. London 1910, (Recd. 17/ Z0/10.) From the Publishers : Messrs, Longrnanp, Green and Co. Plirmer, Robert kIenry Aders. Practical physiological chemistry. pp. viil+ 270, ill. London 1910. (Becd. 17/10,’10.) From the Publishets : Meesrs. Longmnns, Green and Co, 255 Veley, Victor Heybert, and Veley, Lilian J. The micro-organism of faulty rum. pp. vii +64.ill. London 1898. (Recd. 22/10/10.) From the Authors. IT. By Purchase. Cannizzaro, Stanislao. Sketch of a course of chemical philosophy. (Alembic Club Reprints, No. 18.) pp. iii + 55. Edinburgh 1910. (Recd. 2S/1O/ 10.) Fourcroy, Antoine Francois de. Systeme des connaissances chimiques, et de leurs applications aux phhomhnes de la nature et de l’art. 11 vols. Paris, Brumaire An IX. [1801]. (Reference.) Groth, Paul Heinrich. Chemische Krystallographie. Teil I1I. Aliph atische und hy droaromatische. Kohlenstoff verbind ungen. pp. iv +804. ill. Leipzig 1910. (Recd. 28/10/10.) Meyer, Victor, and Jacobson, Paul. Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie. 2nd edition. Vol. I. ii. 2. pp. 289 to 800. Leipzig 1910. (Recd. 28/10/10.) Wedel, Georg WoIJ’gaizg.Specimen experimenti chimici novi, de sale volatili plantarum, quo demonstratur. Francofurti 16’72. (Refweiace.) 111. Pcc??zphZets. Cannizzaro, Stanislao. La Scienzs e la Scuola. (From the Rassegnn Contempmama, 1910, 3.) Dale, H. H., and Laidlaw, P. P. The action of an active principle from apocynum. (From Heart, 1909, 1.) Dixon, W. E., and Halliburton, W. B. The action of the choroid plexuses on the secretion of cerebro-spinal fluid. (From the Pi.0~. physiol. SOC.19 10 ;J. Physiol., 40.) Dutoit, Paul, and DubOUx, Marcel. Dosage physico-chimique des cendres du vin. (From the J. Suisse Chim. Pharm., 1909, 47.) Emde, Hewnann. Extraktion grosser Mengen spezifisch schwerer Flussigkeiten mit geringen Mengen spezifisch leichter Losungsmitkl.{From the Apoth. Zeit., 1909, 24.) Ewins,A. J. Some colour reactions of adrenine and allied bases. (From the J. Physiol., 1910, 40.) Flavitzky, F. Application des Iois d’eutkxie aux produits de fusion eutdctiques des silicates. (From the Ncct. Phil.SOC.Imp. Uniu. hraxan, 1909.) Friend, J. Newton. The action of steam on iron. (From the J. W. Scotland Iron and Steel Inst., 1910.) Goris, A., and CrM, I;. Sur la nupharine. (From the Bull. Sci. Pharm., 1910, 17.) Goris, A., and Fluteaux, G. Analyse d’une Scammonde naturelle. (From the Bull. Sci.Pharm., 1910, 17.) 256 RESEARCH FUND. A Meeting of the Research Fund Committee will be held in December next. Applications for grants, to be made on forms which can be obtained from the Assistant Secretary, must be received on, or before, Monday, December 5th, 1910.All persons who received grants in December, 1909, or in December of any previous year, whose accounts have not been declared closed by the Council, are reminded tha.t reports must be in the hands of the Hon. Secretaries not later than Thursday, December 1st. The Council wish to draw attention to the fact that the income arising from the donation of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is to be more or less especially devoted to the encouragement of research in inorganic and metallurgical chemistry. Furthermore,. that the income due to the sum accruing from the Perkin Memorial Fund is to be applied to investigations relating to problems. connected with the coal tar and died industries.At the next Ordinary Scientific Meeting on Thursday, November. 17th, 1910, at 8.30p.m., the following papers will be communicated : “Preparation of secondary a mines from carboxylic acids. Part I. Preparation of heptadecylaniline, pentadecylauiline, and tridecyl-aniline.” By H. R. Le Sueur. “The wet oxidation of metals. I. The rusting of iron.” By B. Lambert and J. C. Thomson. “The action of sodium amalgam on methylene ethers.” By A. H. Salway. “The homogeneous decoinposition of ozone in the presence of oxygen and other gases.” By D. L. Chapman and H. E. Jones. The addition of bromine to unsaturated compounds. Part 11.” By J. J. Sudborough and J. Thomas. ‘‘ The colour and const.itution of diazonium salts. Part 111. The diazo-derivatives of 2 :7-naphthylenediamine.”~ By G. T. Morgan and Miss F. M. G. Micklethmait. ~~~~ R. ULAY AND SONS, LTD., BRXAD YT. HILL, E.c., Am BUNOAY SUFFOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9102600241
出版商:RSC
年代:1910
数据来源: RSC
|
|