摘要:

Sociologists' preoccupation with Western race and ethnic models has led to the distortion, or neglect, of Third World contexts, and has retarded the development of frameworks adequate for broad comparative analysis. The Zimbabwe setting illustrates two of many issues requiring more rigorous examination: (1) changing scale of ethnic boundaries, and (2) the effect of countervailing or coinciding factors on ethnic intensity. Contrary to prevailing expectations, the organizational potential of large-scale modern boundaries can be seen in Zimbabwe's pattern of ethnicity; the main determinants of intensity have tended to diminish ethnic cleavages among the general citizenry. If sociology's comparative method is to flourish, the study of ethnicity and its impact on societal development and change in less advanced areas of the world should not go, by default, to other disciplines.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.601

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.627

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The socioeconomically detrimental consequences of ethnic or religious discrimination in Israel is shown to depend on the degree of community segregation. Part of the low levels of achievement of Jews of Asian or African origin is attributable to a disadvantageous distribution across Israeli communities. However, competing with Jews of European or American origin, Asian-Africans are disadvantaged at every step in the attainment process. The low attainment of Arabs is largely attributable to their low social origins. Their community and institutional segregation from Jews protects them from further socioeconomic subordination. It follows that community, occupation, and religion interact in Israel, while community, occupation, and ethnicity do not. Hence, we reach two general conclusions: (1) Communities within one small country do differ in the way ascriptive status functions in the process of socioeconomic attainment; and (2) what is important about communities for the attainment of subordinate groups is the extent the community segregates the subordinate group from the dominant one.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.649

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper examines the inequalities in status attainment between Israeli Oriental-Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews in the early 1960s; replicates Duncan's (c) methods of regression and component analyses; and compares the Israeli findings with Duncan's (c) for American blacks and whites for the same period. The most important causes of the observed inequalities are found to differ between the two countries: lack of equal educational attainment of Oriental-Sephardim in Israel; discrimination against blacks in the United States.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.667

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.687

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper develops a dynamic model of voluntary affiliation which describes the flow of individuals into and out of organizations over time. The model is a simple stochastic process model, developed from Coleman, which we use as a baseline generator to produce specific predictions for the distribution of affiliation in cross-section. Incorporating well-known empirical generalizations, the model produces some surprising results for the well-known class differences in the rate of affiliation. The model is fitted in cross-section for six countries, and estimates of the dynamic parameters are produced from a panel study in the United States. We discover some systematic negative consequences for low status individuals and organizations, and some surprisingly strong support for the basic imagery of our model. We conclude with an exploration of several consequences, both substantive and methodological.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.705

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper reports the results of five experiments on the disruption and recovery of social exchange and cooperation, and then uses these results as the empirical base for theory-building. The experiments investigate the effects of changes in social and individual reinforcement contingencies on the disruption of interaction, and the effects of structural variations in the social contingencies on recovery after disruption. The results suggest that contingency changes are disruptive even if social interaction remains the more rewarding response. Explanations of the effects of different contingency changes are offered. Once interaction is disrupted, the chances of recovery are influenced by (1) the actual reinforcement experienced during disruption for social and nonsocial responses, and (2) the ease of discriminating the deviant partner's recovery attempts. The linkages between these variables and the structural contingencies are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.729

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper develops some ideas consistent with expectation states theory about how status affects participation in status differentiated task groups larger than the dyad. The aim is to provide a precise account of the distribution of participation in n person task groups. The basic assumption is one implicit in expectation states theory, namely, that the behavioral effects of an actor's status derive from how it compares with the status attributed to others in the group. The key concept, then, is the actor's comparative status. The theory of participation is set out formally and its implications tested using Caudill's data on participation in the daily administrative conferences of a psychiatric hospital. The theoretical expectations are supported, the better account being given by a model which represents the group's status structure as differentiated along a primary status dimension, position in the hospital hierarchy, and then differentiated along a secondary status dimension, clinical competence, within groups equal in status along the primary dimension.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.752

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Explanations of the effect of war on the suicide rate and the need to disentangle the effects of economic and political integration in the relation of the suicide rate to war are noted. Most explanations ignore economic conditions; they imply that the direct effect of a great national war on the suicide rate is a result of the war's generation of political integration and political integration's subsequent depressing of the tendency to suicide. If such explanations are correct, a great national war should, with economic conditions held constant, decrease suicide. An examination of trends in suicide rates among white U.S. adults does not show, however, that war directly decreases the suicide rate.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.771

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study examines the minority experience of Japanese immigrants in prewar years in two different societies, Brazil and Canada. Data are adduced to test the applicability of the theory of the split labor market formulated by Edna Bonacich. The Japanese experience in the two countries lends empirical support to the theory. The study reveals a significant differentiation between the two countries in intergroup competition and conflict. The consequence, for the Japanese, of severe competition in Canada, is that they were almost completely excluded from the entire society. With the lack of notable economic competition in Brazil, discrimination and exclusion movements were not experienced (as in Canada) by the Japanese in that country.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/59.3.786

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP