ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.573

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A macrosociological theory's central principle, suggested by Simmel's concepts of crosscutting social circles and web of group affiliations, is that intersecting social differences promote intergroup relations. This theorem is tested with data on intermarriage rates in the 125 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. Since the theorem refers to intermarriage generally, the research testing reported here analyzes measures of ten different forms of intermarriage and not only the more commonly studied ethnic intermarriage. The theorem is respecified on the basis of preliminary analysis to stipulate that multiple, not merely bivariate, intersection of social affiliations fosters intermarriage, as is, indeed, implicit in the original theoretical discussion. Eight independent empirical tests corroborate the theorem that multiple intersection of social differences furthers not merely superficial but even profound and lasting intergroup relations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.585

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Hypotheses derived from Blau's theory of social structure are tested with his 1970 data set. Rates of interracial marriage are inversely associated with various measures of racial inequality across the largestsmsas.Racial inequality is associated with racial salience, the predominance of ingroup relations, in the positive direction. The concept of salience is explicitly incorporated in the examination of a theoretical paradox in Blau's theory.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.607

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two theorems derived from Blau's recent macrosociological theory of social structure are tested with data on intergroup criminal victimization in the United States. The data base is taken from the National Crime Survey (ncs) national sample for the years 1973 to 1978. The theoretical predictions tested are that (1) the relative size of the same group in different neighborhood contexts is inversely related to extent ofoutgroup victimization; and (2) neighborhood heterogeneity is positively related to rates of intergroup victimization. These predictions are tested with data on the interpersonal crimes of rape, robbery, assault, and larceny for two major parameters in Blau's theory—race and age. The results support the hypotheses and show that while ingroup victimization is highly prevalent in the United States, interracial and interage criminal encounters are strongly and positively related to neighborhood heterogeneity.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.618

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

There are often consistencies in the personal characteristics of associates used for particular purposes (e.g., people socialize with associates who are the same age, and ask advice of associates who are of the same religion). These consistencies are usually attributed to deliberate choices to use associates with certain characteristics; but the structured social contexts from which the associates are drawn may be more important determinants of associates' characteristics. Analysis of data from Fischer's Northern California Study indicates that: (1) associates serving certain purposes tend to be drawn from certain types of foci of activity (e.g., families, workplaces, neighborhoods, or voluntary organizations), (2) foci of activity tend to include people with particular characteristics (some are more homogeneous in age or in religion), and (3) these two factors together explain most of the tendency for people to use associates with certain characteristics for certain purposes.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.640

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

With data from a junior high school in an urban area of North Carolina we use log-odds ratios and a nested contingency table model to investigate homogeneity bias in adolescent friendship choice along the dimension of sexual behavior. Females, both black and white, tend to name friends whose sexual behavior is like their own even when grade, other more visible deviant behaviors, and a composite index of deviance proneness are taken into account. In contrast, neither sexual intercourse nor any other deviant behavior considered in this analysis is a significant factor in accounting for male adolescent friendship structure. We suggest that the differential reputational consequences for males and females who have intercourse may account for the observed difference by sex in the friendship choice-sexual behavior relationship.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.653

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Rosenberg's notion of standardization as statistical control for percentage tables is extended to more than three variables. After the data are arranged as "recursive proportions," simple calculations allow one (1) to find partials, causal effects, spurious portions, and indirect portions for associations, (2) to carry out realistic simulations or projections using variable levels, and (3) to gain increased insight into interaction effects. I argue that the approach is not actually novel, rather it allows one to present well-established statistical matters in a way that is unusually clear and palatable to the non-technical reader.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.679

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The paper reviews the debate on dissensus versus consensus in occupational prestige scales. Varieties of dissensus are distinguished, and it is argued that dissensus related to the social characteristics of raters is the important form. Previous evidence of dissensus thus understood has tended to involve data bases restricted to small numbers of raters or occupation titles. The present study attempts to fill this gap by a reanalysis of national prestige surveys collected bynorc.The most striking finding is that dissensus within social groups is particularly high among lowsesstrata and among blacks. The role of random error in this pattern is discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.709

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

I test two explanations of occupational sex segregation that have been generated from the neoclassical theory of human capital. Polachek argues that segregation results because women whose employment is intermittent maximize lifetime earnings by choosing occupations with low depreciation during time spent at home. Zellner hypothesizes that many women optimize lifetime earnings by choosing occupations with high starting wages but low wage appreciation, while men optimize in occupations with high appreciation. Both theses assert that men and women have a pecuniary reason to choose occupations traditional for their sex. Regression analyses using 1974 data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics refute both theses. Controlling for education and experience, women have higher lifetime earnings if they work in predominantly male occupations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.726

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Despite the centrality of technology for macro-societal theories, and the ecological perspective in particular, little systematic operationalization exists. This paper examines Frisbie and Clarke's multivariate index of technology at the societal level in a diachronic framework. We show that the index remains reliable and internally consistent over the 1950–70 period. We then decompose change into several components: changes of mean, changes of dispersion, and positional change. This analysis suggests that: (1) a trend toward higher levels of technology exists, (2) the technological rank order has been maintained while differences between nations have increased, as ecological and evolutionary theory predicts, and (3) the pace of technological change, in terms of both mean and dispersion, has quickened since 1960.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.3.750

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP