摘要:

ah4 INCLUDING gJlWIg!it, THE PROCEEDINGS O FMeeting of Society of Public Analysts . 59Pro.Charchand The Royal Agricultural College 59On Viblet Powder, by Dr. Dupr6, F.R.S . 60On the German Adulteration Bill, by 0. Hehner, . 62Translation of the German Adulteration Bill . € 3Note on Water Analysis, by F. P. Perkins . 66On the work under the Sale of Food Actduring 1878, by G. W. Wigner, F.C.S. 67F.C.S. . . . . . .On Prepared Cocoa, by Dr. Muter . . . 65THE " SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS."~-Standardizing Permanganate of Potash . . 70Analysis of \\Tines . , , , . . 70The London Water supply . , , . 71Short Notices of Books. . , . . 71Correspondence 72Law Reports . . 0 I) . 7 3Notes ofthe Month' . . . . . 76ChemicalPatents . , . . . . 76Books Received .. . . . . 76A Xonthly Journal for the information of those intereeted in the purity of Foodand Drugs, and in general Analytical and Microscopical Research.A. DUPRE', PH.D., F.R.S., F.C.S.C. HEISCH, F.C.S.CONTENTS.G. W, WIGNEB, F.C.S.A. WYNTEB BLPTH, M.R.C.S.C. A. CAMERON, M.D.Orno HEHNEB, F.C.S.M. JACKSON &, Co.,E. ?V. T. JoNE:~, F.C.S.J. FALCONER KING, F.C.S. c. H. PIESSE, F.C.8.(J, ORNE & H. N. CAPNER,)65, BARBICAN, LONDON,MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS,Every description of Apparatus for Lectures, Study, or Research kept in StockPURE CEEXICALS. -For Public Analysts w e supply specially Pure Acidsand Chemicals, which can be relied upon for uniform purity.or made to orderat a few days' notice. Best Quality and seasonable prices.--- .I"-PRICE LIST Revised, Bent Post Free for Three StampsTHE ANALYST.(SFOIiD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878.[Twelft,h International Medal awarded to the Firm.]( l The fresh and splendid distinction of a Gold Nedal now given in 1878.”-Paris Correspondent ofthe Daily Telegrczph.GIUARAN-THB3D P U R EAND EASILY SOLUBLE IN BOILING WATER.F R Y” SCOCOA EXTI3 ACT.PURE COCOA ONLY, WITH THE SUPERFLUOUS OIL EXTRACTED.SOLD IN PACKETS AND TINS.WE guarantee the absolute genuineness of this pure and delicious Cocoa, which consists ofchoice Cocoa only, from which the superfluous oil has been extracted. I t is easily solublein boiling water, and is strongly recommended to all who appreciate the full flavour andfine aroma of Cocoa.T E S T I M O N I A L S .WESTERN COUNTIES’ LABORATORY,Messrs.J. S. FRY & SONS, MASONXU HALL, 1 & 2, PARK STXEET,Union Street, Bristol. BRISTOL, Feb. 26th, 1879.GENTLE MEN,-^ have completdd an analysis of your ‘‘ Cocoa Extract,” and find that it is strictly pureand well manufactured in every way. A portion of the oil has been extracted, so that your preparationma be easily assimilated by the invalid ; and as i t contains a full percentage of the vegetable alkaloidwit[ all the other component parts _without any admixture, you can without any hesitation recommendyour Cocoa Extract for all domestic ana dietetic purposes, as well as an exceedingly nutritious and usefulbeverage.-I remain, Gentlemen, yours faithfully,W. WALTBR STODDART, F.I.C., F.C.S.,Analyt ica I Chemist.---REPORT FROM CHARLES A. CAMERON, M.D., F.R.U.S.T.,Professor of Chemistry and Eygiene in the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland; dfedical Oficer of HeaZllrand Analyst for Dublin ; Analyst to tlte Royal Agriculturat Society, Qc.DUBLJN, 7th Oct., 1878.I have examiued a specimen of Messrs. FRY’S “ Cocoa Extract,” submitted to me for that purpose byMeasrs. J. S. FRY & SONS, Bristol.I find it to consist of pure Cocoa, from which a portion of its oily ingredients has been extracted. Itis free from sugar and other admixture. The delicate flavour and nutritious qualities of this article accountfor the high estimation in which it is held by the public.(Signed) CHAELES A. CAMEBON. --6‘ The 6 Cocoa Extract,’ which really consists of Cocoa Nibs deprived of superfluous oil, than which,if properly prepared, there is no nicer or more wholesome preparation of Cocoa.”-Pood, Water, a& Air,Dr. Hasaall. ‘‘ Specially adapted to persons of weak digestion, it being prepared from Cocoa Nibs deprived of thesuperfluous oil. I t will be found a most pure, nourishing, and refreshing beverage. The medical profeuionexpress the greatest confidence in its invigorating powers.”-Court Express.“ FEY’S Caracas Cocoa and Chocolate fulfil every possible requirement for convenience, for flavour,and for purity.”-Court Ctrcular.6‘ I n all kinds of Fancy Chocolate, Messrs. FRY are pre-eminent.y’-Court Oircular.TB Y also FB Y’X CARA OAS CO COA-A Delicious Preparation.J, S. FRY & SONS, BRISTOL AND LONDON

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN87904FP015

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST.CADBURY’SCOCOA ESSEN‘CE.OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.(( Cocoa treated thus will, we expect, prove to be one of the most nutritious,digeetible, and restorative of drinks.”-BaIrIsH NEDICAL JOURNAL, July 20th, 1867.“We have examined the samples brought under our notice, and find that they aregenuine, and that the Essence of Cocoa is just what it is declared to be by Mesars.Cadbury Brothers.”-Tm LANCET, July 2 5 th, 1867.We belieye that the description which the inventors give is a true one, and thatthe ‘ Cocoa Essence ’ is an agreeable and economical preparation. A little of it goes agreat way, and, besides its own nutritive qualities, is as refreshing to the mouth a8 the‘‘ We may say, in conclusion, that ‘ Cadbury’s Cocoa Essence ’ seems so cheap thatit might be introduced into many boarding schools in lieu of the discoloured wateryliquid which is served out under the misused name of tea.”-THE MEDICAL TIMEB ANDGAZETTE, August 24th, 1867,‘‘ There is one thing to be said in favour of our principal Cocoa manufacturers, thatthey seldom advertise these powdered Cocoas as genuine; they either leave out thatimportant word altogether, or call them ‘ prepared ’ Cocoas ; and this word should beborne in mind by those who wish to avoid the prepared and t o obtain the real article, andare consequently ready to pay a fair price for such....... Those who wish for pure Cocoain a convenient form should therefore obtain the COCOA ESSENCE.”--NATURE, October2Oth, 1870.4t We have much pleasure in bringing to the notice of the public and the medicalprofession Nessrs.Cadbury’s concentrated preparation, which we have venturcd to call‘ CADBURY’S Concentrated Vegetable Milk.’Tea, Coffee, and Cocoa all contain much in common, but Cocoa is the most nutri-tious beverage of the three, and the one which approaches the nearest to milk in itsultimate composition.The excess of fatty matter ha3 been carefully eliminated by Measrs. Cadbury, andthus a compound remains which is suitable for all digestions, and which conveys in aminimum bulk a maximtcm amount of nutriment. We strongly recommend ‘ CADBUBY’BCocoa Essence ’ as a diet for children, and as a constituent in the diet roll of all publicand private establishments.”-~EDICAL MIRROR, February Ist, 1868.The large Consumption this Cocoa has obtained, combined with the almostuniversal manner in which it has been recommended by Medical Men, haa inducedimitations by several manufacturers, which are sometimes substituted for thegenuine article.rough cup of black tea ’ which many persons desire for their morning draught,COCOA & CHOCOLATE MAKERS BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENTTO THE QUEEN.Paris Dep8t-90, Faubourg St.HonorTHE ANALYST.4L. OERTLING,TURNMILL STREET(Opposite Farringdon Street Station,)YANUFACTUBEB OFCMLMICAL, ASSAY, & BULLIONBALANCES. -__-Maker to the Bank of England, Assay Office of the Royal Mint, &c., &c. By Appointment,-vv--.-COUXCIL IIIEDAL, 1851. -FIRST CLASS MEDAL, 1854 and 1862.THE SANITARY FLUID,NTISEPTIC DISINFECTANT for Preventing Epidemics and Destroying Infectious A Diseases, as supplied to the Royal Arsenal, Woolmich.This Fluid is a powerful Antiseptic Disin-fectant and Deodoriser, and from its harmlessness may be applied in any direction without any ill-effects,and with the best possible results.THE ' PRINCESS ALICE ' CALAMITY.-The Sanitary Fluid was used at the Woolwich Dock-yard for Disinfecting over 600 bodies. The Clothing taken from the Bodies and over 500 Sheets werealso Disinfected in large Cauldrons. Also the Buildings, Yards, &c., giving the greatest satisfaction to theDockTard and Parish Authorities. The work was carried out under the superintendence of Mr. HARMER.Sir,-l beg to inform you thatI consider your disinfectant, as applied in the Dockyard, both to buildings and clothing, after the removalof the dead from the premises, very efficacious, and, from its cleanliness aud absence of smell, very superiorto the disinfectants i n the form of powder generally used.-Faithfully yours, J. T. BABRINGTON, AssistantCommLsary General.For Asylums, Schools, Sanitary Authorities, Railway and Dock Companies, Workhousee, Shipping, &c.Price 1s. per bottle ; 3s. 6d. per gallon ; large quantities at a cheaper rate, of the Sole Manufacturer,W. J . HARMER, West Hrim Lane, Stratford, E., or through Agents.The MAGIC FLUID for general Household Purposes, price Is. 6d. per gallon. Write for Pamphlet,.CEYTIMONIAL.--' H. M. Dockyard, Woolwich, September 23, 1878.Mr, Harmer, Strstford, E.'with Testimonials, &c. NON-POISONOUS.WILLIAM BAILEY & SON,BY APPOINTMENT,MANUFACTURERS OF CHEMICALSFor Telegraphic, Photograiphic, Pyrotechnic, and other purposes.Contractors to Her Majesty's Mar Office, Admiralty, Post Office, India Office, and other GovernmentDepartments.Also to the princi a1 Railway and Telegraph Companies in Great Britain. Great attentionis given to the Manufacture o f Chemicals and other preparations fur Commercial and Scientific use.Works :-Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.London Offices :-2 & 3, Abchurch Yard, Cannon Street, E.C.THE FOLLOWING SPECIALITIES ARE PARTICULARLY EECOMMENDED :BAILEY'S TANNATE OF SODA, for preventing incrustations in Steam Boilers, and removing thewale already formed therein, a considerable saving of fuel being also effected.B 4ILEP'S CLEANSING POWDER possess very remarkable detergent properties, and when mixrdwith either fresh or sea water, cleanses every variety of Wood or Metal to which it may be applied.Price283. per Cwt.BAILEY'S SANITARY FLUID is especially adapted for purifying the Atmosphere in Factories,Workshops, Hospitals, and Public Institutions, and for disinfecting purposes generally. Price 1s. 6d. per Gall.Price 36s. per Cwt.I C a C E T T E &G CO.9XANUFACTURERS O F BAROXETERS, THERMOMETERS, CHEXICAL ANDPHILOSOPHICAL APPARATUS O F EVERY DESCRIPTION.Dr. Franklin's Apparatus for Analjsis of Water. Dr. McLeod's Modification for Water and Gag.Professor Bischof's Apparatus for Evaporation of Water.Dr. Sprengel's Mercurial Air Pumps of everyform. Water Pumps for quick filtration. Dr. Mill's Colorimeter.Drp. Russell and- West's Apparatus for Estimating Urea In Urine. Dr. Blaokley'6 Apparatue for Ditto.11 and 31, Brcoke Street, Holborn, London, Wholesale and for Exporation, andRose Cottage Glass Works, Pratt Street, Lambeth.REOIY'CEI{ED EXAMEL BACK URIXE BEDILIENT TEST TUBESTHE ANALYST.JOHN ATTPIELD, Ph.D., F.T.c.,J. WORTLEY AXE.LLOYD BTLLOCK, P.I.c., F.C s.E. L. BARRET, B.Sc., F.I.c., F.C.S.E. CANTON, F.R.C.S.SPENCEE COBBOLD, M.D., F.R.S.F.C.S.PURE ACIDS AND CHEMICALSSTEPHEN DARBY, F.C.S. WILLIAM PRITCHARD.DR. DE VHIJ.JOHN GARDNER, F.C.S.WILLIAM HARILNPSS, F.I.c., JOHN SPILLEX, F.C.E.F C.S. F R.Y.S.C. W. HEATON, F.I.c., F.C.S.EDMUND NEISON, F.I.c., F.C.E.A.E. SANSOM, M.D., F,R.C,F.L.J. B. SIMONDS.JOHN STENHOUSE, I.L.D. F . R . ~ .RICHARD V. TUSON, F.I.c., p.c,a.(Editor. )FOR ANALYSIS.KNOWLES & PHILLIPS,47, MINORIES, E.C.PRICE LIST FORWARDED ON APPLICATION.N.B.-References as to quality and price kindly allowed by severalleading Analysts already supplied.Second Edition. Price Is., by Post Is. Id.UR DOMESTIC POISONS ; OR, THE POISONOUS EFFECTS OF CERTAIN DYEB AND COLOURS USED 0 IN DOMESTIC FABRICS. By HENRY CARR, M. Inst. C. B. Including the opinions of a greatnumber of the most eminent Medical Men and Chemists on this important subject.WILLIAM RIDQWAY, 169, Piccadilly, London, W.COOLEY’S CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL RECEIPTSTHE ANALYST.IMPORTANT T O MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH.SILICATED CARBONF I LT E R S,Recommended by the &$eat Medical and Xcientijc Authorities,FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES.DOUBLE-ACTION FILTEB,No. 35.SO&PRIZE FILTEB,NO. 23b703.DOMESTIC FILTER,No. 27.From 10/6 upwards.MAIN-SUPPLY FIFor purifying thewhole of the WaterSupply of a Buildingbefore use.CLRaNINC TAP OUTLETNo. 40.-126/- and upwards.LTER.Specially adapted forMansions, Schools,Hospitals, and PublicInstitutions.For f i l l Particulars and Prices write for Illustrated Prics X k t , to thSILICATED CARBON FILTER COMPANY,BATTERSEA, LONDON, S.W.Printad for the Propriebra by ALmrD ROOT, 10 & 18, Dockhead, S.E. ; and published by Xessm. BALLLIIPE, TlNDALL &Cox, King William Street, Strand, W.C., to whom all communications should be addressed

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN87904BP017

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

59 PROFESSOR CHURCH AND THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. THE Royal Agricultural College a t Cirencester is to suffer another very severe loss. Profesmr Church, who for the last Rixteen years has been at any rate as far as chemistry is concerned, the life and soul of the Institution, is practically forced into resigning, because perforce when after all these years of hard work, he has decided to marry, it does not suit the powers that bc that he should reside outside the College walls any more than it is likely to suit the Professor’s inclination to take his wife within them.A good deal of correspondence on the matter has passed between Professor Church and the Principal, and those outsiders who are interested, and naturally so in the success of the College as a College rather than as a private seminary, and were anxious that the services of the Professor who, more than most, has helped t o make the College what it is should not be lost; but the Committee of Management, to whom the final appeal was made, have given their decision, which virtually amounts to the conclusion, that at Cirencester, as at any ordinary boys’ school, i t is necessary that the ( ( masters ” should have other duties besides those involved in satisfactorily occupying the chairs of professional science.We think we have seldom seen a resolution so meagre and even dLvoid of acknowledgment of the services rendered during a long term of years, as the following one, which was passed by the Committee of Management on the 5th March, 1879, and we can scarcely wonder that after the passing of such a resolution, Professor Llopd Tanner, who occupies the Chair of Mathematics, and Professor Fream, who occupies the Chair of Natural History, have both sent in their resignations, The College will thus lose all the professors who can claim any position in the scientific world, while the principle supposed to be embodied in the &eeolution will not be carried out, for the “vet” is already non-reoident, We cannot help expressing our regret at the sererance of the60 THE ANALYST.connection of these gentlemen with an institution which has really been doing good work and its consequent decadence. The following is the resolution referred to above :- I ( The Committee of Management are of opinion that the discipline of the Agricultural College cannot be satisfactorily maintained, except by the residence of professors within the college walls in conformity with the original bye-law, No. 47. Being fully sensible of the services rendered by Professor Church during his sixteen rears' residence in the college, they the more regret that they cannot accede to hie recent proposal of non-residence, a compliance with it involving such alterations as would unduly disturb the present oryankation of the College Xtaf.''"

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN879040059b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

60 THE ANALYST. NOTE ON VIOLET POWDER. By A. DuP~E’, Ph.D., F.R.S. Read before the Society of Public Analysts, on 19th Narch, 1079. THE excitement produced last year in consequence of the numerous deaths occasioned by the use of arsenical violet powders, naturally drew attention to the question of violet powders in general, and several prosecutions for alleged adulteration of violet powder have since taken place.In one of these cases the vendor was convicted by the magistrate, but the conviction was quashed on appeal to the Salford Quarter Sessions. I n a second case a conviction before a magistrate was also obtained, and no appeal, so far as I know, has yet been made. Having been engaged for the Treasury in examining the various samples of violet powdere instrumental in, or suspected of, producing arsenical poisoning, I have had my apecial attention directed to thc subject of violet powder, and as some of my experiments not only throw light on the question as t o the material best suited for such powder, but may aid analysts, and perhaps the magistrates, in deciding whether a given material is, or is not suited for the purpose proposed, I make no apology for laying the following simple facts before the Society :- The powders experimented with consisteC of the following materials ;-Bermuda arrowroot, pure corn flour, wheat starch, potatoe starch with a little magneeia, corn flour with a little magnesia and orris root, Fuller’s earth, and two powders consisting almost entirely of cystallized sulphate of calcium.Nothing need be said regarding the physical condition of the various starch powders, or of Fuller’s earth, but a few words must be said regarding the last two powders mentioned. Both theEe consisted almost entirely of crystallized sulphate of calcium, and both were decidedly rough to the touch, Under the microscope they were seen to consist of small crystals mostly with points as sharp as, nay sharper than, needles; some of these as much as 4$o of an inch long by about &.o broad. Altogether apparently as un- suitable material for dusting the delicate, broken skins of babies as could well be selected.Further acquaintance with Some of the other phpical characters of these powders does not diminish this first unfavourable impression. Violet powder is used chiefly for absorbing moisture and, other conditions being favourable, the more perfectly it does that the better it is.In order t o test the relative absorbing power of thege powders let us spread small heaps about one-third of an inch broad by one-and-a-half inches long, on glass plates, microscopic slides for example, and place a drop of vater on the uame plate, just fairly * The i t d i c e are our onn, Zclitorb’ Analyst,THE ANALYST.61 in contact with one end of the powder heap. We shall find that the drop is almost instantaneously absorbed by the Fuller's earth, somewhat more slowly by the potatoe starch, still more slowly by the wheat, arrowroot and corn starches, and scarcely at all by the selenite powders. We may place drop after drop of water in contact with the Fuller's earth or the starch powders until the little heaps have become thoroughly moist by absorption from the one end, probably before the first, and certainly before the second, drop has become absorbed by the selenite.This simple experiment convincingly shows how little of true absorbing power these selenite powders possess. This conclusion is fully confirmed by the followiDg experiments :-Small portions of the various powders were stirred up wit.h cold water so as to form a very thin paste, which was left standing for one hour.At the end of that time the supernatant water was poured off and the remaining paste placed on blotting paper. After the lapse of a few minutes the moist powder waR very gently pressed, with the flngers, between folds of dry blotting paper until no more moisture was taken up by the paper.Great care was taken to treat all the powders as nearly alike aa possible. The amount of water contained in the powder8 thus treated was then estimated, and subtracting from this the water already present in the air dry powder, the amount of water taken up in the course of the above treatment was obtained.The resulte are given in Table 11. ; but, first, one other point has to be mentioned, The weight of equal bulks of these powders differ considerably, and hence it follows that the amounts of water absorbed per unit of weight, 0: per unit of volume, are not strictly proportional. The weight of any given volume of a powder differs also according to the way in which it has been put into the measure, but this variation seems fairy proportioned in all powders.In Table I. there are given the weights of 1000 grain measures of the varioue powders ; firstly, when loosely put in ; secondly, when shaken down (not compressed) as much as possible. As it may be a point of interest to eome, I add the liko paiticulars respecting white arsenic (sublimed, in the form of powder,) and terra dba.TABLB I. Weight in grains of 1000 grain meaeuree. Nature of powder, Put in loosely. Shaken down, Wheat Starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 . . . . . . 826 Pure corn flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bermuda arrowroot . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuller's earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White arsenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Terra albs .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ,,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Violet powders, made with- Potatoe starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corn flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . second sample . . . . . . . . . Pdiatoiktarch ,, . , . . . . . . . . . Selenite powder, . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, ,, marked (' steamer over globe " TABLB 11. 494 5 80 692 1665 700 758 59 6 489 407 610 633 629 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . a,. 836 857 95 L 2366 1157 1183 81 1 762 672 829 1132 1188 Water absorbed by air dry powder, by Nature of powder, 100 grains weight. 100 grains measure. Wheat starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 grains ... 38.7 grains. Pure corn flour .. . . . . . . . . . . 73.4 ,, ... 36.4 ,, Bermuda arrowroot . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 ,, ... 47.1 ,, Fuller's earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.1 ,, ..a 66.8 1) Potatoe starch... . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.3 ,, ... 65.4 ), Corn flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 ,, ... 37-2 ), Selenite powder . . . . . . . . . 35.7 9, ..a 26.0 $9 ,, ,, markeh';' steamer over globe " 39.9 ,, .as 26.1 9 ) Piokt powder, made with-62 THE ANALYST. A glance at Table 11. will at once show how very inferior in absorbing capacity the two selenite powders are, and I cannot understand how it can be said (( that they do not contain anything injurious to the skin, or unsuited for the purpose for which they are intended to be used as absorbent powders.” To me it seems that they are very unsuited for use as absorbents, for which purpose nothing seems t o be preferable t o Fuller’s earth or potatoe starch.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8790400060

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

62 THE ANALYST. THE GERMAN ADULTERATION BILL. By 0. HEHNEB, F.C.S. Read before the Society of Public APzalysts, March 19th, I 8 79. ON another page of THE ANALYST the readers will find a translation of a draft of ti Bill now under discussion before the German Parliament, to regulate the sale of food, articles of consumption, toys, wall papers, colours, cooking utensils, and paraffin oil. 1 do not propose to make any lengthy remarks on the Bill, since its clauses speak for themselves, and since other members of the Society are much more competent than I am myself to criticise the various provisions touched by it.Most remarkable, to my mind, is the absolute want of any regulations in it concerning the analysis of the samples ; whilst the purchase of samples, definition of adulteration, and punishment of offenders, are all spoken of at length, the word analyst does not even occur in the measure.The ‘‘ Superior Court of Administration ” will appoint the officers under the Act, but it is not even stipulated which shall be the ‘(Court of Adminis- tration.” Far more interesting to us than the various clauses of the Bill h e l f are the voluminous papers accompanying the draft, which supply the reasons for and justify the several clauses. From a statistical table it appears that, in the year 1878, no less than 231,478 samples of foQd, drink, and other articles coming under the law, were snalysed in the German Empire ; of these 3,508 were adulterated (1.5 per cent.), 1,538 articles of food mere decomposed and unfit for consumption, and 3,332 convictions of offenders were obtained.Of this enormous number of samples, milk stands first with 152,043 samples ; beer, 17,628 ; sausages and meat, 21,380 ; flour and bread, 17,202 ; condiments, 1,168 ; wine, 842 ; sugar and confectionery, 508. I n Munich, 90,693 samples mere analysed (87 convictions) ; Berlin, 75,867 (889 convictions) ; Darmstadt, 17,701 (190 convictions) ; Karlsruhe, 12,346 (160 convictions) ; Mannheim, 7,807; Heidelberg, 5,800 ; the remainder in 78 different towns and districts.In explanation of the very large number of samples, it is to be stated that several towns, such as Berlin and Munich, have included in their returns all examinations made by market inspectors. The greater proyortion of adulterated samples was, however, detected by accurate analytical examination.A commission, including such well-known names as Drs. Hoffman, Fresenius, Enapp, and Varrentrapp, report at length on the various practices of adulteration. Among many modes of adulteration well known to all analysts, it will be learned with some interest that, instead of alum or sulphate of copper, sulphate of zinc has been used and detected in bread and flour, and that ground gypsum is regularly exported from Rotterdam into Germany, under the designation, ‘‘ Artificial Flour,’’ for adulterating flour.Quantities of gypsum up to 30 per cent. have actually been discovered in suchTHE ANALYST. 63 adulterated flour, and sulphate of baryta up to 20 per cent. Maccaroni were found coloured with picric acid, brewing sugar contaminated with arsenic, milk mixed with soapsuds, beer with narcotin, coffee coloured with chromate of lead.But all these adulterations were observed only in single or very rare instances. The laws and regulations concerning the sale of food of no less than 48 countries and cities are added to the report, English legislation being very fully treated of. The work done by the Sociaty of Public Analysts is fully acknowledged, and the success of the (‘ Sale of Food and Drugs Act,” so far as that Act is a success, to a great extent attributed to the labours of the Society. The information afforded to Dr. Rottenburgh is worked into a general criticism of the “ Sale of Food and Drugs Act,” and has in several items been made use of in the drawing up of the Bill.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8790400062

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 63 THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT AND ADULTERATION. TUNSLATED BY 0. HEHNEB, F.C.S. TRE GEBNAN GOVERNMENT has just laid before the German Parliament the following Bill, Q 1. The sale of food and articles of consumption, as well as the trade in toys, paperhangings, colours, eating, drinking, and cooking utensils, and petroleum, is to be regulated by this Act. Q 2. The officers of the Sanitary Police are empowered to enter any rooms in which the articles, coming under § 1, are kept for sale, during the usual business hours, or whilst the rooms are kept open for sale.They are authorised to take, according t o their choice, for the purpose of analysis, samples of the articles coming under Q 1 and which are kept in the sale rooms, or which are sold in public places, upon market places, squares, streets, or which are hawked about.I f requested, part of the sample must be left with the vendor, properly secured or sealed. § 3. The Sanitary Officers are empowered to make inspections of the premises of per- sons who have, according to §§ 10,12, 13 of this Act, been sentenced to imprisonment, or of rooms in which articles specified in § 1 are kept for sale, or in which such articles in- tended for sale are stored.This power of inspection begins with the date at which the sentence takes force, and ceases after three years, from the date on which the term of imprisonment ceases, or is remitted. Q 4. Sanitary Officers, in the meaning of this Act, are the Nedical Sanitary Officers, as well as those officers which are nominated as such by the Superior Court of Adminis- tration.The Central Authority of the Empire will decide which court has to act as Superior Court of Administration. § 5. By Imperial Decree, with assent of the Federal Council, regulations for the protection of health may be framed t o prohibit 1. Certain modes of preparing, storing or packing articles of food or consump- 2. The trade and offering for sale of articles of food or consumption, of certain t o regulate the sale of food, articles of consumption, &c.:- For the sample the usual price is to be paid to the seller. tion intended for sale. conditions, or under a name not corresponding to their real condition.64 THE ANALYST. 3. The sale and offering for sale for slaughter of animals, suffering from certain diaeases, as well as the sale and offering for sale of the flesh of animals which were affected with certain diseases.4. The use of certain substances and colouts for the manufacture of wearing apparel, toys, paperhangings, eating, drinking, snd cooking utensils, as well as the oale and offering for sale of articles manufactured contrary t o this regulation. 5 6. By Imperial Decree, with assent of theFederal Council, the manufacture, sale, or offering for sale, of articles intended for adulterating articles of food or consumption, may be prohibited or limited. 8 '7.The Imperial Decrees, issued under § 6, are to be laid before the next following session of Parliament. They are to be put out of force as soon as Parliament so re- quires it. 5 8.Whoever acts contrary to the regulations of §§ 5, 6, is punishable with a fine up to 150 marks (1 m.=ls.), or with imprisonment. 5 9. Whoever, contrary t o regulations of $5 2 to 4, refuses entry to the rooms, the taking of samples, or inspection, is punishable with a fine from 50 to 150 marks, or with imprisonment. Q 10. Liable to imprisonment up to six months, and to a fine up to 1,500 marks, or to either of these, is- 5.Tho sale and offering for sale of petroleum of a certain nature. 150 1. Whoever, for the purpose of fraud in commerce, imitates articles of food or consumption, or adulterates the same by deteriorating them by the subtraction or addition of substances, or gi7es them tbe appearance of a better quality. 2. Whoever, knowingly sells articles of food or consumption, which are spoiled or imitated, or adulterated according to § 1, without giving notice of these circum- stances, or offers them for sale under a name liable to lead to deception.Q 1 1. I f offences mentioned in § 10 have been committed by negligence, a h e up to marks or imprisonment is to be inflicted. 5 12. Liable t o imprisonment, and t o loss of civil rights, is- 1.Whoever prepares articles intended for the food of others in such a manner that their consumption is calculated to injure health, also, who knowingly sells, offers for sale, or otherwise brings into circulation as articles of food or consumption mch articles which are injurious to health. 2. W hoerer intentionally manufactures wearing apparel, toys, paperhangings, eating, drinking, and cooking utensils, or petroleum, so that the probable use of these articlee proves injurious t o health; also, who knowingly sells such articles, offers them for sale, or otherwise brings them into circulation. The attempt is punishable- If, through the action, grievous bodily injury, or the death of any person hag been caused, penal servitude up to five years is to be inflicted.8 13. If, in the cases of Q 12, the consumption or use of the articles was liable to destroy health, and if that circumstance was known to the vendor or manufacturor, penal servitude up to 10 years, or, if the death of any person was caused, penal servitude not under ten years, or for life, is to be adjudged. Besides the punishment, supervision by the police may be ordered,THE AJYALYIST.65 5 14. If any of the actions indicated in section $5 12, 13, has been committed through negligence, a fine up to 1,000 marks is to be imposed, or imprisonment up to six months, and if, by the action, the health of any person shall have been injured, imprisonment up to one year ; but if the death of any person shall have been caused, imprisonment from one month to three years.S 15. In the cases of 5s 12 to 14, besides the puniRhment, the contiscation of the articles which were made, sold, offered for sale, or otherwise brought into circulation, is to be caused, no matter whether the articles belong to the defendant or not ; in the cases of $5 8, 10, and 11, the confiscation may be caused. If in cases of $5 12 to 14 the prosecution or punishment of any person is not prac- ticable, confiscation of the articles alone may be caused.§ 16. In the judgment it may be ordered that the sentence be made public, at the expense of the defendant. On the motion of any defendant who has been found not guilty, the Court has to order the publication of the acquittal; the costs to be paid by the State, unless they are to be paid by the prosecutor. I n the order the mode of publication is to be stated. 5 17. If, for the place where the offence was committed, a public institution for the examination of articles of food or consumption be in existence, the fines imposcd by authority of this law, and as far as the State can dispose of them, go to the fund which provides the cost of maintaining that institution.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8790400063

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE AJYALYIST. 65 ON (( PRBPARED ” COCOA. By JOHN MUTER, Ph.D., F.C.S. So much has been said and written on the qualities of cocoa as a beverage, that it would be useless to go over the well-trodden ground; suffice it simply to say, that it is one of the most grateful of our non-alcoholic drinks. The only objection which can and does exist to its use in a state of purity is the excessive proportion of fat which renders it too rich for most digestions, and gives unfortunately a colourable excuse for its admixture with starch.There are two classes of prepared cocoa :-( 1) That in which the reduction of the fat is secured by adding starch and sugar ; and, (2) That where the fat is partially removed and the remainder of the bean is served to the publio unmixed. It is to show the fallacy of the former method that I pen these few lines.In the first place it forms a question, what is the fair average composition of cocoa. Having had occasion to analyse a large number of samples, I am convinced that the following may be taken as representing a fair average of the constituent parts of ordinary cocoa, as at present found in the markets :- Fat ...Sugar and gum Starch Cocoa red, &;. Cellulose ... T heobromine Gluten ... Ash ... Moisture ... No. ~.-GENUINX COCOA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.98 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1;:; J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) 100.0066 ...... 27.4 2 ...... 29*22 ...... 1.80 ...... 4.30 ..... *50 ...... 7-36 ...... 1-80 THE ANALYST. ,100*00 On looking at the composition of cocoa, as thus shown forth, the great fallacy of countenancing the addition of starch and sugar is at once apparent. The only possible excuse is the dilution of the fat, but then a t the same time, the nutritious gluten and stimulating theobromine are equally reduced in value.On the other hand, given the removal of a portion of the fat, the other constituents are not only kept intact, but positively concentrated in a high degree. A glance at the following analyses of packet cocoas will prove the force of my remarks :- Fat .. . . . . . . . Sugar and gum ... Starch . . . . . . . . . Cocoa red, %c . . . . . . . Cellulose . . . . . . Theobromine . . . . . . Gluten . . . . . . . . . Ash . . . . . . . . . Moisture . . . . . . ... 19.22 ... 12-15 ... 22.37 ... 4.60 ... 8.70 .. 1.20 ... 18.30 ... 4-70 ... 8-76 ...... 20.16' ...... 33.50 ...... 27.2 1 ...... 1.60 ...... 3.46 ...... 4 3 ......6-45 ...... 1-70 ..... 6.50 For the sake of compauon I will put down the laportant constituents by themselves :- No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. Genuine. Fat removed. Mixture. Mixture. Theobromine . . . . . . . . . 0.90 ... 1.20 ... -43 ... *60 Gluten . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21 ... 18.30 ... 6-46 ... 7-36 Thus we clearly see the nonsense talked by those who, for reasons best known to themselves, are found to palliate, and even support in writing, the '' preparation " of cocoa by mixing it with starGh and sugar.I n conclusion, I have only to urge those interested in the purity of food to expose and put down the mixture of cocoa with starch and sugar as useless, and founded altogether on a wrong basis. Unfortunately we, as public analysts, are prevented by a decision from reporting such mixtures as adulterated, but we none the less ought to teach the public by every means in our power t o desert their use and stick entirely to the unmixed article, which, although dearer at first sight, is by far the cheaper in the end.NOTE ON WATER ANALYSIS. BY FEANE P. PEBEINS, Public Analyst for Exeter. IT is probable that what I now write may hare come within the experience of every analyst.In the determination of ammonia good results are obtained by the following method of manipulation :-Into a half litre retort place 25 C.C. of a solution of potassic perman- ganate, prepared according to the usual formula, add 100 C.C. of pure water, and distil until no reaction is obtained with Nessler's test; now add 250 C.C. of the water t o be examined, and distil again until free from ammonia The distillate contains albuminoid and free ammonia. The free ammonia alone is determined in another 250 C.C. of the water. By operating thus all traces of ammonia are expelled from the reagents and apparatus, and results as near perfection as the process will allow attained.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8790400065

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 67 ON THE WORK DONE BY PUBLIC ANALYSTS UNDER THE SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS’ ACT DURING 1878. BY G. W. WIGNEB, F.C.S. Read before the Society of Pu6lic Analysts, on 19th Mmch, 1879. FROM the information kindly furnished by most of our members, and by some gentlemen who are not members, I am again enabled to lay before the Society a very fair summary of the amount of work done during the past year, under the above Act, in nearly the whole of the districts in the country.The number of districts the returns I have re- ceivedrelate to, is 168, as against 127 districts for 1877. The percentage of adulteration calculated upon the whole number of samples examined shows a slight improvement, and this I think will be test seen by putting it in tabular form. During the time of the Lancet commission the percentage of adulteration was :- During 1872 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 ,, 1877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 ,, 1878 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.68 It is of course very satisfactory to find that, notwithstanding the obstruction caused in various parts of the country by the I‘ prejudice to purchaser ” question, the percentage of adulteration is still gradually decreasiag.As compared with 1877, the number of samples analysed shows a slight increase, In the two years ending December, 1876, the total number examined and reported to us was 15,989; in 1877, 14,785; and in 1878, 15,107. The next most interesting point is probably to see in what way the per centage of adulteration has altered in different kinds of samples, and perhaps the best mode of showing this is to place side by side the results for the years 1877 and 1878, the figures in each case being the percentage of adulterated samples found, Calculated on the total number of that particular sample purchased.,, 1875-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26.0 We thus get the following results :-- 1877. Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.07 . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.48 . . . . . . . . . . . . Groceries . . . . . . . . . 13.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . Drugs, &c. . . . . . . . . 23.82 . . . . . . . . . . . . Wines, &c. . . . . . . . . . 47.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread and Flour . . . . . . 6.84 .. . . . . . . . . . Sundries . . . . . . . . . 21.63 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1878. 18.38 13-23 12.89 35.77 29.31 2.97 14.98 I n the returns for 1877 the worst place was occupied by wines and spirits, but this year drugs appear as the worst on the list. From some of the statistics it appears only too probable that this is not by any means the fault of the chemists and druggists, but that it arises from some inspectors having purchased samples of so-called drugs from grocers’ shops, or at other places where drugs had no business to be sold ; and as will be seen by the remarks iu the table, the list includes a large number of samples of violet powder. It would be much more satisfactory if it were possible to state what proportion of these drugs were really pharmacopeia druga, and how many were articles in reference to which a difference of opinion does exist, whether it is justifiable or not.Next on the list this year comes wines and spirits, but with a very great reduction from the figures of last year. Milk also shows a reduction of more than seven per cent,, and in faot I think for the first time since returns of this kind have been collected it falls68 THE ANALYST.below 20 per cent., or one-fifth of the samples purchased. Butter appears to be fractionally worse, but it seems not at all improbable that this slight increase may be due to the more universal adoption of efficient methods of carrying out the analysis. Bread and flour and groceries show a decrease, but it is even now a very serious thing that on a standard article of food like bread three per cent.of the samples examined should be found adulterated. The sundries also show a decrease, but, unfortunately, these in eo many cases include water, which when condemned as unfit for drink, is included in the colnmn for adulterated samples, that no special deducion can be drawn from this item. Looking at the returns in another light, and taking the percentage of adulterated samples of each kind included in the total number of adulterated articles only-that is, there were 2,208 adulterated samples, the deecription of wbich has been partioularly reported-I find that :- Milk .. . . . . . . . . . . formed ... 42.21 per cent. Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ... 3.35 ,, Groceries.. . . . . . . .. . . ,, ... 18.07 ,, Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, ... 6.53 ,, Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . ), ... 1.54 ,, Sundriea . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 , ... 6-97 ,, Wines and Spirits . . . . . . ,, ... 23.33 ,, 100*00 Here we have an increase in the case of milk from 36.6 to 42.23 per cent., of drugs from 4.2 to 5-92 per cent., and a decrease in the case of wine, bread, and sundries from 57.6, 3 1 and 7.7 per cent.respectively, to 23.35, 1.53 and 5.97 respectively. We will next look at the percentage of adulterated samples in different districte. Bmthampton heads the list with 53.4 per cent. of the samples purchased. Yorkshire (East Riding) and Hull and Liverpool follow closely after, each of them having more than 40 per cent. Lancashire, Warwickshire, Londonderry and Yorkshire (West Riding) have more than 23 per cent.; Cheshire, Lewisham, Antrim, Belfast, Donegal, Tyrone, Surrey and St. Pancras more than 20 per cent. Guildford, Hants, Westminster, Durham, Siaffordshire, Cork, and Sheffield more than 15 per cent. ; while some of the remaining districts are perhaps sufficiently interesting aa showing the greater purity prevalent there as to justifiy their being separately tabulated.Thus we find that Gloucester and Hereford show 1.4 per cent., Leeds 2.3 per cent., Dublin 2.6 per cent., Bedfordshire 5.9 per cent., Wands- worth, Lambeth, &c., 8.7 per cent., Devon 9.7 per cent., Hampstead 11.1 per cent,, Cardigan, Carmarthen and Swansea 12.4 per cent., Somersetshire, Bristol, &c,, 1268 per cent., Hackney 14.2 per cent., and Greenwich 15.0 per cent.St. Hartin’s-in-the- Fields has only so recently been put into the efficient handa of Mr. Heaton that it ie perhaps scarcely fair to notice that he has not yet come across any adulterated samples, Referring now to another very important feature in these returns I find that in Bmnsley, Chesterfield, Glossop, Denbighehire, Oban, Montgomery shire, Lancaster, Cavan, Dumbarton, Paisley, Ashton-under-Lgne, Pontefract, Wakefield, King’s Lynn, Deal, Faversham, Margate, Sandwich, Stratford-on -Avon, Warwick, Gloucester, Herefordehire, Huntingdon, Falkirk, Fifeshire, Brecon (city and county), Tenterdcn, West Suffolk, Maidenhead, Beverley, Monmouth, Norfol.k, Reigate, Kilmarnock, Renfrewshire, and Sutherlandshire, or altogether 10 counties and 27 towns, with a population of close on 2,0@0,000, no samples whatever have been analyscd, and this is perhaps one of the most atriking proofs of the neceReit3- of amending the Act, so as to render its working Preston and North Derbyshire are between 40 and 30.- 14 3 - - Nearly all the sundries were waters.Ditto. No arrangements made for 14 - - 40 25 30 ,230 L05 10 9 24 11 30 9 33 35 5 42 9 1 40 17 25 5 1 1 6 - - - - 4 - 6 55 58 12 - - - 43 25 - - 11 84 10 3 - - 6 3 - - 15 - - 4 7 7 45 14 40 - - 12 - - - - - - - 19 24 6 17 1 4 li 6 7 5 17 3 7 2 6 - -. - - - - - 2 12 6 16 14 64 21 ;7 87 52 2 - - - - - 2’7 45 27 15 32 - - - 8 4 4 98 59 34 58 27 - - 3 3 2 2 56 20 31 13 3 i068 - - - -- 7 7 17 1 44 19 5 7 12 4 8 4 3 6 3 25 3 1 18 5 4 2 1 1 6 - - - - - - 4 - 1 42 19 85 3 4 28 1 - - - 6 16 7 38 - - - - - - 5 - - - 7 3 17 8 3 i 22 20 - - - 7 8 27 6 46 4 5 ? 5 4 - - 21 11 18 129 73 32 1649 120 17 25 75 15 46 9 44 56 39 53 29 16 56 143 58 22 22 7 14 30 - - - 14 1 22 47 113 4 38 57 9 146 43 - - - 56 125 10 34 38 15 3 - - - 15 - - 27 20 45 54 71 145 - - 86 176 24 3 1 9 471 43 76 4 12 902 6 66 14 17 14 64 6 7 2 48 100 34 12 62 296 55 274 38 45 400 263 32 - - - - - - - - - - - - 55 52 47 15 25 3 11 1015 11 118 34 196 451 120 145 74 4 16 6 2 4 175 102 122 83 18 5107 - - - - .- - Carlow (County) ...........Cavan ,, ........... Drogheda (Town) ........ Dublin (City) .............. 1 ) (County) ........... Fermanagh (County) .... Gal w ay ....................... Kerry (County) .............. Leitrim (County) ...........Limerick (City). ............. (County) ........ Mayo , , ........ Preston ....................... Clare ,, ........... Down l l ........... Kildare .............. Kilkenny $ity & County) Loniford ........ Meath ,) ........ Queen’s ,) ........ Roscommon ), ........ Sligo ,, ........ Tipperary ........ (County) ........ Wesikeath ), ........ Wexford ), ........Wicklow ,, ........ Dumbarton ................. Helmsburgh ................ Paisley ....................... Cornwall .................... Waterford (Ci’ty) ........ ... C. A. Ca)&aoN ...... 9, 71 9 9 19 77 17 91 9 9 ...... 1 ) 7 9 ...... 11 9 , 9 , 11 ...... 7 7 9 7 7 1 9 7 9 97 7 ’ ) I Y, 7 7 19 19 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ............ ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... J. CLARK ............... J. H. COLLINS ......... 1 ) ............... ,, ............... Sundries all 9 9 i l 9 9 1 waters. Sundries all waters. 9 , 91 97 19 9 , 11 ?’ 11 I1 91 17 31 No sampcs collected since the Scotch A case was dismissed because saiiiple Sample was bad. “ prejudice*’ question.to be marked, Bench ruled could not be marked-only the Peiizance .................... Mile End Old Town ........ Norwich .................... Westminster.. ............... Durham.. .................... Gateshead .................... hhwn-under. Lyne ........ Macclesfield ................. Manchester ................. Leeds.. ........................ Pontefract ...................Wakefield .................... Bath .......................... Derby Borough) ........... l l [s.) (county).. ...... Gravesend .................... King’s Lynn ................. Lincoln ...................... Deal ......................... Faversham ................. Folkestone ................. Margate ....................... Sandwich .................... St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields Ryde .......................... Lewisham ....................Yorkshire (N.R.) ........... Canterbury ................. Isle of Wight .............. St. John’s, Uampstead ..... Birmingham ................. 1 , (County ) ........ Antrim (County) ........... Belfast (Borough ........... strat ford-on-Avon ........ Warwick (Borough). ....... Donegal County1 .......... T roue (bounty) ...........Jouceater (City) ........... ,, (County). ....... Halifax ..................... Huddersfield ................. Kidderminster .............. Lich6eld .................... S taffordshire ................. Walsall ...................... Hereford (County) ...... Wolverhampton ........... Edinburgh ................. Cambridge.. .................. H un tingdon .................Londonderry (City) ........ 1 ) (County) ..... Ely .......................... Falkirk ....................... Stirling ....................... Airdrie ....................... Fife .......................... Stewarton ................... Cumberland ................. Brighton .................... Brecon (City atid County). Cardigan .................... S wansea ..................Lambeth .................... Botherhithe ................. Tent erden ................... Wands worth.. ............... W. Suffolk ................. Cork .......................... Maidenhead ................. Exeter ....................... Beverley .................... Monmouth ................. Reading. ...................... Paddington ................. , Bolton .......................Bridgewater ................. Bristol ....................... Salisbury ................... Somersetshire .............. Norfolk ....................... Yarmouth .................... Bedfordshire ................. Reigate ....................... St. Leonard, Shoreditch .. St. Pancras, Middlesex .. Cardiff ....................... Ayr .......................... Glasgow ....................Johnstone .................... Kilmamock ................. Lanark ....................... Renfrew shire ............. Rutherglen ................. Sutherlandshire ........... St. Marylebone.. ............ Greenwich and Deptford .. Plumstead .................... Woolwich .................... Parsonstown ................. Carmarthen (Borough). .... ,) (County) .....Bermondsey ................ St. George, Southwark.. ... Surrey ....................... Hackney .................... Newport .................... 1 ) ........ M. COBSER ............ W. G. CROOK ......... A. DUPRE‘ ............ A. J. EDGER ......... 9 , ......... C. ESTCOURI! ......... 11 *l ....... ......... T. FAERLEY ............ , , ............ ,) ............. ,, ............I. W. GATEHOUSE ... I. G OODE.. ............. I. H. GKAMYHAW ... W. M. HAMLET ...... C. HARRISON ......... 8. HALLVEY ............ ,, ............... .............. 7, ............ ,, ............ ,) ............ 9 , ............ C. W. EEATON ...... 0. HEHNER ............ C. HEISCH ............ ALFRED HILL ......... A. BOSTOCK KILL ... ,, ............ 1, ............ 11 1 ...... J. F. HAQES ......... J. ~oafsLEY ........... 11 7 9 7 ......... ......... ......... ,, ............ ,) ............ J. JABMAIN ............ Appointment made at latter end of L L Prejudice ” question stopped purchnse Only waters were examined, and all ‘‘ Prejudice ’* question stopped purchase One case of diseased milk. One case of diseased milk. Six starches ,, ............E. W. T. JONES ...... ‘I‘hese were potted beef and beer 9 9 9 , 91 1 ...... ...... ...... ...... J FAL~ONER KING.. . J. WEST KNIQHTS ... J. R. LEEBODY ...... R. MCALLEY ......... J. M. MILNE ......... J. W. MONTGOMERY 9 9 11 ... ... 11 ...... 91 ......... 9 9 9 , ........ ......... - 1 ‘ The Scotch decision stopped collection 1 r 29 - - 11 4 11 23 16 19 5 9 22 13 16 - - - - - 4 17 14 86 1 D 1 3 7 12 38 D3 17 15 23 a - - - 5 1 - - - 2 26 13 20 13 3 50 - - No samples collected now.No samples collected now. It:. n. Moore ............ W. MORGAN ......... ¶, 9, 9’ ......... ......... ......... 9, ......... J. MUTER ............... Sundries were all waters. ,, ............... ,, ............... ,, .............. ,, ............... Appointed late in 1878. ,, ...............J. NAPIER ............ C. 0‘ EEEFFE ......... W. PEABCE ............ F. PERKINS ............ W. PROCTER ......... R. A. RIDOUT ......... J. SHEA ............... A. W. STOKES ......... E. SE~~QEANT ......... W. W. STODDART ... 71 91 11 ... ... ... F. SUTTON ............ T. STEVENSON ......... 77 ............ Sundries were all waters. Appointment only made in December, Sundries were all waters. Appointed late in 1878.I , 71 ......... ......... 9 1 ......... J. THIPE ............... T. W. THOMAS ...... 9 1 ...... W. WALLACE ......... WALLACE, TATLOCK, The drugs were all violet powders. and CLARK ........ : 9, ?, 1 9 P l >, ......... ......... ......... ........ ......... 12 ......... J. WBITMOBE ......... G. w. WIGNER ...... ?7 ...... $ 9 ......T. WOODS ............... Sundries were all waters. TOTALS.. .........THE ANALYST. 69 compulsory. While in 23 more towns, with a population altogether of about 850,000, only 271 samples, or an average of less than 13 per town, have been examined, although these include such populous places as Edinburgh, Cambridge, Parmouth, and a t least one of the London Districts, Mile End Old Town.There are also 13 counties, viz., Carlow, Rildare, Leitrim, Fermanagh, Westmeath, Queen’s County, Wexford, Cornmall, East Riding of Porkshire, South Derbyshire, Done- gal, Londonderry and Tyrone, with a united population of about one and three-quarter millions, in which only 205 samples have been analysed, or an average of about 16 per county. In Scotland hardly anything has been done, owing to the decision given there on the I n Ireland 3,495 were examined, of which 312 were adulterated, or 9-18 per cent.This, of course, is largeIy due to Dr. Cameron’s enormou8 number of 2,785 samples; 203 of these, or 7.28 per cent. being adulterated. There were four cases of diseaaed milk reported, one from each of Mr. Heisch’s districts, and two from one of my own.Mr. Heisch also examined some samples of starch, which can hardly be considered as a food, and Dr. Barclay reports having examined gas containing carbonic acid. The prejudice question seems to have been raised in about 30 places, and in no less than 9 it has been upheld by the Magistrates. As this decision may have a very important bearing on the results previously referred to, it is as well to note that these places are Canterbury, Derby, Southampton, Glasgow, Cornwall, Sheffield, Cumberland, Lancashire, and York, and as the practical result, inspectors have ceased taking sample8 in Newcastle, Southampton, Derbyshire, Cambridge, Brighton, Parmouth, Cumberland, Hull, Durham, Dumbarton, Maidstone, and in Scotland generally, In West Suffolk the Magistrates are of opinion that the police have enough to do already, and therefore they have never collected any samples at all.Adulteration is reported to be on tho increase at Southampton, which figures highest in the table, Qla~gow, King’s Lynn, Sheffield, Yarmouth, and Hull, at most of ahich places the Act is practically a dead letter. In reference t o spirits, if the adulteration is simply a dilution with water the Magistrates mill not convict at Bristol, Londonderry, Hackney, or Stockton, while a t Hull and Cork it has been decided that no prosecutions shall be undertaken until a standard has been fixed.The Magistrates a t Cardiff have given the unique decision that the exact price of the article purchased must be tendered by the inspector, and no chauge be required, and as another equally amusing illustration of Magistrates’ wisdom, I may mention that Mr. Collins reports that in Cornwall, a case was dismissed because the certificate stated that the ‘‘ sample of milk ” was marked, and the Bench decided that it was impossible to mark a sample of milk, but only the bottle containing it! prejudice” question. Only 96 samples mere examined as ;t,oainst 350 in 1877. I n the discussion which ensued, Dr. Bartlctt said they might consider that for some time past the Act had been a dead letter where it had previously been an advantage, and adulteration was now more or kS8 in the ascendant in consequence. He thought the returns showed the advantage that a better constituted Act would create, and also the uecessity for making the Act compulsory, Dr. Muter said that he thought the returns did not tell the truth about drugs; what some people deemed an adulterated drug, other people did not. There was nothing that a standard was so much wanted for as drugs, and if there was to be an amendment in the Act, he hoped there would be one as to druge.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8790400067

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

70 THE ANALYST. THE ANALYSIS OF WINES. By R. REYSEB.J~ THE author calls the attention of analysts to the following somewhat unpleasant fact :-- An analyticalchemist of good repute analysed some time ago a sample of wine for a wholesale dealer by the usual process, viz., estimation of alcohol, extract, acids, and ash, also by its action on polarized light. The results of the analysis justified him in reporting : There is not the slightest doubt this wine is genuine from a chemical point of view.I n what the improvement consists he does not mention. But whether it consists in plastering, sugaring, colouring, or fortifying, his wine is adulterated. A more complete analysis and estimation of every constituent must be made to form an opinion. The author strongly recommends the complete analysis of the ash.The relative amounts of lime, magnesia, potash, soda, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, and silicic acid are more constant i n wines of the aame origin than has generally been beliered. Now the wholesale dealer acknowledges his wine to be an improved one. It now appears that this ordinary process is insufficient. THE COLOUR MEA6UREH.-~’rOfeSSOr Koenig, of the [Tniversity of Pensylvania, has designed a new instrument, which he calls a chromometer for determining the amount of metals in oree.He prepares borax beads, containing known quantities of the metal to be estimated, and notices of what thickness a glass of the complementary colour to the bead must be to make it appear colourless. The coloured (green or red) glass used, is of wedge shape, and is provided with a graduated rack mcivement, by means of which B reading is obtained, that, on referring to a special table, gives the amount of the metal present.By this process an estimation of manganese can be made in 15 minutes. * Correspondenx blatt des Vereines, Analytischer Chemiker, Jahrg. 2, No. 8. .t. Kurze Chemische Hittheilungen v m Prof.Pr, StolbbTHE ANALYST. 71 THE LONDON WATER SUPPLY. DB. TIDY’S annual report on the quantity and quality of the London Water Supply is somewhat more than usually interesting this year, because of the discussion likely to take place in Parliament on the matter. Dr. Tidy adheres to his often expressed favourable opinion as to the general character and quantity of the supply, and he probably brings more figures of reliable analyfies to prove his point than would be available from any other source.It is, of course, greatly to be regretted that the analyses made by Dr. Frankland are not published in such a form that they would admit of direct comparison with those of Dr. Tidy, and we think it is also to be regretted that both gentlemen appear for all practical purposes to ignore the use of the microscope.Surely there is nothing which can so readily throw light on any points, which may otherwise appear mysterious in water analysis, as a careful microscopical examination of the water itself. and its sediment; more especially would this be the case, if in the analyses we are now referring to, Dr. Tidy had given us any statistics of the microscopical appearances, presented by the Thames and the East London waters. The analyses given enable a comparison to he readily made between the unfiltered and filtered Thames water, and the result appears satisfactory. The filtration has been fairly efficient, and the oxidisable organic matter has been fully one-fourth oxidised, notwithstanding a slight increase of chlorine pointing probably to the fact that concentration has taken place.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN879040070b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 71 SHORT NOTICES OF BOOKS. OUR DOMESTIC POISONS. By Henry Cwr, H. Inst. C.E.+-This little pamphlet collects within the space of fifty pages a vast number of instances of the poisonous effects of certain dyes and colours used in domestic fabrics. Special attention is, of course, given to arsenical wall papers, arsenical green muslins, and chromic green gloves. The brochzcre is forcibly and concisely written, and worthy of attention by both our Legislature and the general public.Mr. Uarr is evidently in earnest, and we wish his efforts every success. By ‘Am eLoacv70r.t-The original edition of this amusing book was published in 1876, and the second is now before us. It has been extended to 180 most readable pages. Once take it up, and you are certain of a pleasant hour’s entertainment, and not merely that, but also food for deep thought and regret that the noble profession of medicine should be made so often the cloak of incapacity and quackery.I t should certainly be read by every medical man desiroue of maintaining his professional dignity. By J. L. MiZton.$-This shilling pamphlet is the work of the lecturer on skin diseases at St.John’s Hospital. It is designed as offering in a popular form a set of rules for preserving the skin in a high state of health, and assisting the restoration of it to a proper standard when the reader is under treatment for disease affecting this part of the frame.’’ Even with this apology, however, we can scarcely see the necessity for such a work, seeing that any one under treatment would as a matter of course receive his instructions from the medical man who had the case in hand; besides, as a rule, we do not think popular works on medical subjects very desirable.As to its medical merits me are of course dumb ; so we can only say that it appears t o be weil and concisely written, and gives much information as to the necessity of cleanliness, &c. It would be a most excellent matter t o be taken up by some energetic M.P. MEDICAX MEN AND MANNERS. THE HYGIENE OF THE SEIN. We should think that it will prove popular. * London : W. Ridgway, Piccadilly. t London : Baillihre, Tindall, and Cox, King William Street, Slrand. $ London : Chatto and Wiudus, Yiccadilly.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8790400071

出版商:RSC    

年代:1879

数据来源: RSC