摘要:

THE ANALYST. JANUARY, 1884. INTRODUCTION. IN commencing this yeay’s issue of THE ANALYST we beg to call the attention of our readers to the fact that the Journal is necessarily of a dual nature. As its title implies, it is not simply a record of the proceedings of the Society, but is a general Journal, devoted to the propagation of the knowledge of chemical and microscopical analyses, containing speciaily the proceedings of the Society of Public Analysts. ThKs the Society is in no way pledged by tho opinions of the Editors; and, on the other hand, the latter are not bound by those of the Society. Any other papem published or abstrhcted are not thereby furnished with the imprimatur of the Society. In future it is intended to print all Sociaty affairs under the definite heading of (( Proce&kys of the Sockty of Pic& AizaZysts,’? and to place at the end of such matter the worcls ‘( conclzcsioiz of the h’ociety’s proc~e&ings,” and the names of publication committee and abstractors will be omitted. The Editors earnestly invite the co-operation of all interested in analysis, and mill accept suitable paperg, on the usual terms, from gentlemen not members of the Society.The Editors remrve to themselves the sole right of judging as to the suitability of all matter thus submitted, while they do not in any way interfere with the Society’s papers, but publish, as a matter of course, all read before that body, unless specially requested by the Council not to do so. Good sacccilzct abstracts from foreign journals will also be received and paid for on a reasonable scale, and members of the Society are earnestly requested to cut out and forward (addressed to the Editors, care of Mesrsrs.Baillidre, Tindall & Cox, before the 21st of each month) all reports of legal cases in which they may be interested, especially when any novel point may arise. The Society of Public Analysts have taken what promises to be an exceedingly important step in appointing a committee to deal with the vexed question of milk, and to obtain, if possible, a real agreement between all those iherested, whether members of the Society or not. As is comrnon in such discussions, many acrimonious remarks have been made, which in cooler moments would have been left unsaid, and we trust that in the new year all such feelings will be set aside. An earnest of the coming ra9prochenzmt was given by Rr. Voelcker’s interesting remarks at the last meeting of the Society. If Mr. Bell and his colleagues could only now see their way to aid the com- mittee with their views-not as oEcials, but purely as scientific men assisting their confrdres-we feel sure that ti result would be arrived at as to milk standards as would redound to the credit of British chemistry. The investigation and disoussion mill of course be purely in committee, and so not a public matter; but we are certain that all analysts mill await the result with impatience, and agree to bow to the decision of a body of men representing all shades of present opinion, as the proposed committee promises to do.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8840900001

出版商:RSC    

年代:1884

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

2 THE ANALYST. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALSSTS. MEETING, November, 1883. Mr. WIWER, President, in the Chair. AT the dose of the reading of papers on Milk," the members and visitors present joined in a discussion, of which the following is an abstract :- THE PRESIDENT, in opening the discussion, trusted that no personal matters mould be introduced into it. He indicated the main points i*aised by the papers of Messrs. Estcourt, Dupr6, Hehner and Allen, and asked those following to keep as close to the matters thus brought €orward as possible. He called upon Ur. Voelcker, as. a visitor interested in the subject, to open the discussion. DR. VOELCKER made some preliminary remarks directed to dispel the idea that he was an abettor of adulteration and an enemy to public analysts generally.Hq had not thought it worth while to meet these insinuations before, because he felt convinced that the ideas of all as regards the composition of milk would undergo before long im- portant modification. The question really arose was milk a fluid of such constant com- position as Mr. Wanklyn had originally asserted it to be and did not the feeding of cows upon brewers' grains or immature produce of a succulent nature produce a considerable increase in the per-centage of water ? Taking up first the question of ash, which as a rule might rise as high as '8, but the general average of which mas *75, yet he had found 1.15, both in the morning and the evening milk of the cow, I n this result he had since been corroborated by Dr. Hoffman, who had found an ash of 1.17 in the mixed milk of a herd of Jersey cows.To show the possible variations in the ash he found in the same chemist's report on agricultural chemistry, such numbers as 1.17, 091, -92, and -72. Referring now to the solids %not fat he contended that although not so uncertain as the amount of fat, yet they still varied to a considerable extent in genuine milk. His analyses made in 1863 (with no other object than that of securing good milk for the Professor:'s table at Cirencester) strongly supported this view. He believed with most public analysts that the per-centage of solids not fat in milk approached as a rule very much nearer 9 than 8, but he was at the sawe time bound to assert that you might have most excellent milk and yet having the proportion of solids not fat sunk down to 8.8 or 8.7.Last October he had a fresh case in point where he examined the milk of the cow which had just taken the prize given by the Farmers' Association, both for quality and quantity. The milk gave 14.25 total solids and 5-54 fat, thus leaving 8-71 solids not fat. In sup- port of his general views on this point, he again referred to the latest annual report just issued by the eminent authority on agricultural and dairy chemistry already men- tioned. In this there is the account of experiments on the milk of a herd of 104 CONS, whichwere not specially fed. From January 1st till May 25th, the total solids were 11.8 in morning, and 11.1 in evening milk, while from May 25th to October 29th, they were 12 in morning milk, and from October 29th to December 31st they were 12 in morning and * See ANALYST, for December, 1883.THE ANALYST.3 12.14 in evening. the cows gave as an average :- Taking the whole year, so as not to weary the meeting by details, Morning Evening Total solids . . . . 11-93 . . . . . . 11*97 Fat . . . . . . 3.24 . . . . . . 3.25 Solids not fttt . . . . 8-69 . . . . . . 8.72 while on no single occasion during the whole year did the solids not fat amount to 9. Alluding next to the process of analysis he considered that any mere drying for so many hours was not reliable, but that it was better to actually dry the milk till the weight was const&, irrespective of t h e , and he considered that many of the small discrepancies between analysts had occurred through occasional imperfections in drying.Turning to the subject of the analysis of sour milk be expressed a strong opinion that no analyst was entitled to come to any definite decision as the original compo8ition of decomposed milk. Coming, in eonclusion, to the really practical question of what should be the standard for the judging the quality of milk, he suggested that the limit of the future should simply be that all milk sold must contain II; rnhzinzum of t h ~ p e r cmt. of fat. In his opinion this was all that was required to insure to the consumer an article of fair quality, and at the same time it would not press unduly on the milk producer, and he trusted that public analysts as a body would take this suggestion into serious consider- ation. DR. MUTER reminded the meeting that they were there sot so much to dispute over the past as to concert what was to be done in future.Yaking first the method of analysis, it shouldbe carefully reconsidered un the basis of (1) Drying tBhe residue to a constant weight, and (2) Extracting the fat either by Soxhlet’s method, Bell’s method, or by evaporating upon plaster of Paris, powdering and extracting with ether, which latter was his customary manner of working before the establishment of the Society of Public Analysts. He did not at tho moment express any opinion as to which was best, but they should all be tried, and themost accurate and scientific method should be chosen for future universal use by all public analysts. Coming to the matter of the standard he considered that the whole difficulty had arisen by the slavish method of judging milk by the solids not fat alone.Ete had never pe:mitted himself to be bound by such an idea and had more than once pointed the danger out; in the course of dis- cussions. Eis experience was that whenever he got solids not fat appreciably below 9, then his fat was proportionately high. For want of a better term he had mentally classed such milk as being naturally diluted with- fat. His suggestion for the change in the standard of milk vould be this :- (1) To adhere to the limit of 9 per cent. solids not fat, provided the fat did not exceed 3 per cent., but if the latter were over 3 then he would take the limit of 8.5. So far he had always gone with Mr. Bell. when the milk was excessively rich in fat, but he diverged entirely from him in themethod of calculating the probable dilution, He held that, given a departure from the above limits, the dilution should always be calculated on 9 solids not fat as representing fair average milk and not on the abnormally low limit of 8.5.Referring to theanalysis of decomd posed milk, he considered, and had proved many times, that any attempt to lay down a true allowance was impossible. Many years ago he had tried his hand at such allow-4 THE ANALYST. ance and had then come to one which sometimes held pod, and which was similar to that afterwards worked out by Mr. Bell, but subsequent experience had shown the absolute futility of such attempts. I n some few cases he had found avery close agree- ment between himself on the fresh milk and Mr.B d on the stale; but again only last week a case occurre& where the analyst on the fresh milk, using the 8.5 standard, found ~ o t less than 5 per cent. watep, while Xr. Bell, using his allowance and the same standard, found not less than 14 per cent. I t was to be remembered that the legisla- ture, in compelling the Somerset House chemists to give an opinion on what they them- selves must admit to be very uncertain grounds, had placed them in a most invidious position, and he questioned whether some amendment of the Act wasnot necessary to enable them to state (as the public analyst would be entitled to do) that the article they received was not really in a fit state for analysis, and thus to decline to give an opinion in doubtful cases.MR. HEISCH, after some preliminary remarks on the methods of analysis, commented unfarourably upon Dr. Voelcker’s suggested standard. The relative values of fat and of non-fatty solids depended entirely upon what the milk was intended to be used for. In the case of young children, for example, the solids not fat mere of much higher importance than the fat ; and in fixing a standard this important consideration should not be lost sight of. When milk was put into coffee, the fat was the important factor ; but when actually taken as nourishment then the solids not fat were the desirable constituents. In addition, the judging of adulteration on fat would be a matter of decimal fractions only-that was always undesirable. He strongly urged, in conclusion, that no allowance for decomposition could ever be fairly applied to any sample of stale milk, a8 no such thing as a constant factor could be obtained. Mn.AXGELL, after pointing out the undesirability of taking fat a8 a Btandard, and giving the reasons for his opinion, took up the consideration of the effect of feeding on milk. He agreed with Dr. Voelcker that by special feeding the quantity of fat in milk might be materially increased ; but hQ entirely questioned the influence of feeding in the other direction. MR. DYEB, referring to certain analyses of his which were brought forward in the Manchester case, said that it was true they Rhowed averages of 8-77’ and 8.74 solids not fat ; but then, on the other hand, there was respectively 3.33 and 3-51 of fat, an amount far exceeding the SocietF’s limit’; and this mas a point which had been entirely lost sight of.DR. BOSTOUK HILL strongly supported the present standard. During the last 18 months he had analysed 360 samples, all mixed milk of dairies of over 10 cows, and the averltgs was--soZids saotjkt 9.3, and fat 32. They should be very careful in consenting to lower the limit, because he was firmly of opinion that genuine healthy milk never gave less than 9 per cent, non-fatty solids. After supporting his contention by several experimental facts, he turned to the question of the analysis of aour milk, which he showed vas perfectly unreliable, and that no analysis, however corroctecl by allowancerJ 9 could ever be satiafactory ; and he detailed experiments he had made in support of this contention.THE ANALYST.5 - - - --- MR. BAYNES supported the Society’s limit, and denied that the British milk standard mas to be judged by the continental cows. He knew from practical experience that a quantity of Dutch milk was proposed to be sold in this country, and samples were submitted to him for his opinion. He found that in only one case did the solids, not fat, reach 9, while the €at very seldom came up to 3. Re had cerfified that he would not allow such milk to come into his district. MR. 8. HARVEY, in the course o€ his remarks, also in €avow of sustaining the present h i t , stated incidentally that he never met with a really genuine milk under 9 solids not fat. 3% would for every reason totally decline to ever certify upon the fat alone, as the difference between purity and adulteration would be far too narrow in figures to be safe.Ma. JOHNSTONE made some personal remarks upon the processes of milk analysis, calling attention ider ctlicr; to the fact that some analyses of his, based upon a system of prolonged drying, had been received doubtfully at first by those who now appeared to be coming round to his way of thinking. MR. HEIINER also followed with similar remarks, in which he commented upon observations by Mr. Johnstone and Dr. Nuter. MR. ALLEN, in the course of his reply, said he considered they had reason to com- plain of the form of the Somerset House certificates, which did not state the probable amount of water which had been added to the original milk. He also thought it wrong that they did not state all the data upon which they based the opinion given.With regard to the fat in milk, he was inclined to consider that its average amount was much higher than some analysts seemed to think, being more like 3.5 than any lower number. Dn. DUPRE, in replying on the discussion, remarked that it was an unfortunate fact that although the public benefited by the Act, it never assisted the public analysts, The only proper solution of the difficulty would be to cause all milk sold at a certain price to have a corresponding strength. As to the figures he had brought forward in his paper, although based upon four very carefully couducted analyses, he did not considor them final, and they were possibly destined to be modified to some extent. THE PRESIDENT, in summing up the discussion, made some remarks showing the entire unrelinbility of tho analysis of stale milk. He was then elaborating an extensive series of experiments on the subject which he hoped soon to make public. I t was unanimously resolved that a committee be appointed to consider the whole queatiou. AN ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING of the Society was held at Burlington House on Papers were read by Wednesday, December 19th, 1583, the President, Mi. Wiper, in the chair, Mr. ICingzott 011 ‘* Rape Oil, Beef Fat, and Mutton Dripping ; ’’ and by Mi*. Hehncr on “Honey.” Theso papers will be published in our February number. CONCLUSION OP THE ~OUIETY’S PROCEEDIXGS.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8840900002

出版商:RSC    

年代:1884

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

6 THE ,4NALYST. R E V I E W S . PLANT ANALYSIS : QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE. By G. Dragedorf, P l d . Tran- slated from the German by H. G. Greenish, F.T.C. London : BailliAre, Tindall, and Cox. AT the present time, when plant products have become of such vast importance, not only to pharmacy, but also to many of our large manufacturing industries, this work will be received as a valuable addition to chemical literature, especially by those who are called upon to make estimations of the active inyredz'ents of vegetable preparations, or the general examination of raw products. There is, probably, no branch of chemical literature that has received less attention than the general analysis of plants for their proximate principles, for what has been written on the subject is distributed over such a large area that few would undertake, or be capable of, collecting and revising the work in a satisfactory manner.Another great difficulty of the subject is, that hardly any new plant can be examined that mill not require a special method of procedure or a modification of the processes at present in use j and fresh products turn up which are frequently only separated and purified after the greatest labour ; and then the tests for many well known principles are most unsatis- factory, and difficult of application. The author has, however, simplified matters as far as possible, giving the most important methods of separating, estimating, and testing a very large number of vege table products. Due reference is given to papers from which methods of estimation, &c., have been taken, and when these have been translated or abstracted into English journals they are fully noted, in many instances a very useful referencc.We regret, howevei; to uote how few English chemists are quoted, yet much good work has been done in this branch of chemistry in Great Britain. The first part of the work is devoted to the separation of the constituents into groups; a weighed quantity of the substance is extracted- 1st. With petroleum spirit not boiling above 45O : which extracts fixed oils, volatile fat acids, vegetable wax, together with a small quantity of chlorophyll, and some alkaloids. 2nd. With ether free from alcohol and water : which dissolves resins, some acids, and chlorophyll. 3rd. With absolute alcohol : which dissolves tannin, glucosides, bitter principles and alkaloids.4th. With water : which dissolves mucilagenous substances, dextrin organic acids, glucoses, sacharoses, &c., albuminoids, ammonium salts, nitric acid and amido-compounds. 5th. With dilute caustic soda, '1 to 02 per cent. : which dissolves metarabic acid, albumen, phlobaphene, &c. 6th. With dilute hydrochloric acid, 1 per cent. : which dissolves calcium, oxalate, pararabin, &c., or if starch is present the aubatauce is boiled for four hours with the acid and the glucose estimated,THE ANALYST. 7 7th. The residue, which consists of cellulose, lignin and allied substances. These various groups are then submitted to a searching examination. The second part is a sort of supplement to the first and gives full instructions when possibmle €or the quantitative estimation, and qualitative examination, reactions, &c,, of the con- stituents. The work .iiniBhes with two very useful tables ; the first giving the per- centage composition of the constituents of plants, arranged alphabetically ; the second the comporsition of the more important constituents amanged according to the percentage of carbon. We can coddently recommend this work to all who are interested in chemicaml agriculture, or plant analysis, as one from which can be gathered an immense amount oi useful information not to be found in any other published English work.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8840900006

出版商:RSC    

年代:1884

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 7 NOTES PROM OTHER JOURNALS. VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION OF LEAD ACETATES. IN the courpe of a paper on ( I Volumetric Analysis,” read by Mi. Peter MacEwan at a meeting of the Edinburgh Chemists’ Assistants’ Assooiation, the tediousness of the pharmacopceial process for the above was referred to in the following words :- There is a special difficulty with lead acetates, due to the fact that they react with the oxalic acid to form insoIuble lead oxalate and acetic acid; consequently litmus and the other saturation indicators do not indicate the final reaction. The only indication is cessation of precipitation, but the oxalate subsides very slowly in the cold, and it is so bulky that one is apt to run in too much of the oxalic acid solution. By reversing the process and employing the heat of a water -bath to aggregate the precipitate, 1 find that the process can be conducted more expeditiously.The following are details : - PGz4niBi Acetm-The burette is filled with a 10-per-cent. aqueous solution of the E a l t (10 grammes in 100 o.c.), containing a little acetic acid to keep it clear ; 20 C.C. of oxalic acid solution, and about 2 02. of warm water are put into a flask, then 38 C.C. of the lead solution are run in and the flask placed on a water-bath. This quantity of lead solution contains 3-8 grammes of the salt, which is the amount allowed by the British Pharmacopaeia to combine with 20 C.C. of acid solution, if, therefore, the salt contain impurity, we shall require to pour more lead solution into the flask. It will be found that the heat of the water-bath causes the precipitate to subside more quickly than that of tho naked flame ; as soon as there is a fair amount of clear superstratum the flask is removed and a few drops of lead solution added ; if a precipitate form procccd cautiously, adding the solution, heating between each addition, until the last drop ceases to camo a precipitate.Note the number of 0.0. used and calculate the per- centitge of real acetate (B.P.) in the sample from the following formula (z=number o€ C.O. used) :- 38 x 100 X Liq. Phnrbi $tlbncetatis.-Twenty pammes of this solution should be made up to 100 C.C. with a little acetic acid and distiied water, the burette being filIed with the solution. Ten C.C. oxalic acid solution and two 02. of warm water are put into the flask, and about ten C.C.of the lead solution added ; then plaoe on the water-bath after a@;itating the contents thoroughly. After subsidence oontinue the addition of the lead solution, and proceed scc~~tdzt~tz nrtm until the find reaction is attained. Cabu 2nd ioia. 10 C.C. oxalic acid solution = 1‘37 gr. PbaO (C,H O& V = number of C.C. diluted lead solution used, &en 1’37 loo = p. c. of Pb20 (CAHsOp)a in mnple. - v Working by tho ordinary method, namely, by adding the acid to the lead solution, heating of the mixture does not appear to be advisable, because the precipitated normal lead oxalate reacts parliiaUy with the basic acetate to form basic lead oxalate, thus giving results which are slightly low. The following are percentages which I have obtahpd by both method8 .-8 THB ANALYST.A sample of liq. plumbi subacetatis estimated- I. By ordinary process. Ten grammes required 19 C.C. ox&& acid rjolution (mean of three titra- 11. By reversed method. Ten C.C. oxalic solution required 2S 0.0. of 20-per-cent. solution (mean of 111. By precipitation as chromate found 27.2 per cent. In I. and 11. the mixtures were filtered after titration ; both remained perfectly clear after cooling ; I. gave a very slight indication of lead with potassic chromate, and 11. less so. Another point worthy of observation is that in the ordinary method (using heat) the superstratum. is chaqcd with minute crystals, while in the reversed method it is perfectly clear until the final reaction is reached, after which (if more lead be added) it becomes similar to that of the ordinary method.This fact would seem to strengthen the supposition that basic oxalate is formed in presence of basic acetate.- Chemist af2d Dwggtst, Dccembes, 1883. tions) = 26.03 per cent. Pb,O (C,H,O,); three) = 27*4 per cent. Pb,O (C2H30& PREPARATION O F PURE CHLOROPHYLL. A, TSCHXRCH states that until now absolutely pure chlorophyll has nevcr yet been obtained. The assumption has always been that chlorophyll is a comparatively stable substance, whereas Tschirch finds it to be readily decomposed even by carbonic acid, with formation of chlorophyllane. He con- siders that only that substance which gives exactly the same absorption Bpectrum as is yielded by the living leaf can be oonsidered pwe cLlorophyll.He has obtained such a substance by the reduction of chlorophyllane by powdered zinc owr the water-bath. In alcoholic solution this substanoe has 8 beautiful emerald-green colour, and yields the following absorption spectrum :- Bmd. I. LI. 111. IV. End Absorption. Thin layer , . X = 68 to 63 62 to 59-5 55.3 to 55.7 54.0 to 52.5 50 Thicklayer .. X == GS.5 55.5 53.5 to 52.0 51 Two leaves , . X = 7 0 6 63 to GI 60.57 53 to 54 52 Three leaves . . X = 70-5 57 55 to 54 52 Absoyhm Spccclrum, of'.Living Zcnvcs. Band. I. II. III. IV. End Absorption. Pure chlorophyll thus prepared is a dark green liquid which has as yet resisted all attempts to crystallize it. It is easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and in fatty and essential oils, and very soluble in benzine ; it is difficultly soluble in melted paraffi, and insoluble in water.It is converted by dilute acidb into yellow chlorophyllane, and by concentrated hydrochloric acid into phyllocyanine. A solution of caustic potash decomposes it into a, fluorescent emerald-green substance, soluble in watery and resembling chlorophyll in its external appearance, and into a yellow substance soluble in ether.--BeircAtc dcr dceulschsqc c/mai.whcn #csoZZschft, November 23, 1853, translated for Ohemst and Dw,yg,st. A NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING PULP. G. ARCEDOLD macerates mood or straw, cut into suitable pieces, in dilute milk of lime : after twclvo hours introduces them into a suitable digester and saturates with sulphrous acid, the pressure amounting to four or five atmospheres. In two hours the material is so loosened up that, after washing with water and fusther treatment under pressure with three per cent. chloride of calcium and half a per cent.of aluminium sulphate dissolved in a little water, the stuff obtained without any further operation has the appearance of cotton, and can serve for the manufacture of fine qualities of paper,- h'c'Ciciztz& Amwicuii, Deoember lst, 1883. ESTINATION OF THE SULPHURIC ACID I N SULPHATE O F ALUMINA. THIS salt is taking the place of alum for many purposes : it is used considerably for paper making, and for this indu8try it is necessary that it should be free from acid, since the presence of a small pro- portion of free acid destroys ultramarine, and injures the sizing by causing transparent Hpots. Oscar Miller has reported the results of his experiments in the Bcrlaw Benchte, which show that methyl orange is the safest and best test for free acid. With pure sulphate of alumina it produces only an orange colour, but is very sensitive to free acid with which it produces a rose colour or pink, Ethyl orange is more sensitive, but tmms pink with some neutral sulphates. Tropsoline is not sensitive enough. By extracting the acid with alcohol the solution may be titrated, ming methyl orange an an indicator.-ij'&zti$c A wricnir, Docember 1 st, 1 S8 3.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8840900007

出版商:RSC    

年代:1884

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 9 LAW CASES. ON Monday, the 10th December, an important case was heard at Manchester, before the stipendiary magistrate. The hearing occupied about five hours. The defendant was Mr. R. Melling, a dairy farmer, of Levenshulme. Mr. Cottingham appeared for the defendant, and the prosecution was conducted by Mr. Rudson. On the 31st October the inspector purchased from a local dealer a pint of milk, which Mr, Eatcourt certified as containing 5 per cent. of added water. As the dealer declared that he sold the milk as purchased, giving the names of the farmers who supplied him--the defendant being one-the inspector thereupon procured a sample of this farmer’s milk, which was adulterated with 12 per cent. of added water. I n his examination he stated that he had paid a visit to Mr, Melling’s dairy and seep the operation of milking-taking every possible precaution to guard against any tampering with the niilk-and procured a smple of the mixed milk, which he forwarded to the analyst .Mr, Estcourt gave evidence to the effect that the dairy sample contained 12.53 per cent. total solids, tho non-fatty solids being 10.13 per cent. He considered that the milk was of very high quality, and comparing it with sample 52, which contained 10.45 per cent. total solids, and 7.91 per cent. solids not fat (purchased from the defendant), the latter would contain 21 per cent. of added water instead of 12. The stipendiary stated that it mas not necessary for him to express any opinion of the relative merits of the processes of analysing; because, even according to the standard adopted at Somerset House, this milk was below the limit fixed there, and below that of Wanklyn.The only question he had to consider then was whether a satisfactory explanation had been given of its lorn quality He must confess that he was not satisfied of that, but mas of opinion that water had been added j therefore he must fine the defendant. The assistant clerk then mail out a list of seven convictions, rimging from February, 1875, down to August, 1880, and varying in’amounts from $5 to $20 ; the latter amount occurring twice. The magistrate imposed a fine of $20 and costs. AT the Bradford Borough Court, on Tuesday, Mi*. William Mawson, grocer, of Manchester Road, was summoned for selling to one of the Corporation inspectors a pound of butter not of the nature of the substance demanded by the inspector.The Town Clerk prosccuted, and stated that the defendant was a dealer in provisions, and was found selling an article he canned butter which had not a single grain of butter in it. A pound of butter was asked for by the inspector, and, when analysed by Mr. Rim- mington, not a grain of butter was found in the article. The inspector stated that he visited the defendant’s shop on November 8, and asked for a pound of butter, for which he paid la, 2d. He told the defendant for what purpose he had bought10 THE ANALYST. the article, acd divided it into three parts; one he left with the defendant. The magistrate’s clerk read the analysis, which stated that the article contained 12.6 parts of water and salt, and 87.4 parts of fat other than butter.The defendant said that he had fallen short of butter, and had got the other article as a substitute. Defendant was fined $5, and costs, or in default two months’ imprisonment. IMPORTANT DEUISION. IN the Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, on Wednesday, Mr. Justice Mathem and Mr. Justice Day had before them the case o€ Chappell v. Enson, an appeal against the decision of the justices sitting in petty session at Heynsham, near Bristol, convicting the appellant of an offence under the Food and Drugs Adulteration Act, 1875. Mr. Poole, who appcared in support of the appeal, said that the point raised in the case was a very short one, 7-iz., whether the condition precedent had been per- formed on the part of a person whoapplied for a sample of food in order that it might be analysed.By Section 14 of tho Food an6 Drugs Adulteration Act, 3 875, it was provided that if any person purchased any article with the intention of submitting the same for analysis he should, after the purchase had been completed, forthwith notify to the seller or his agent selling the article his intention of having it analysed by the public analyst ; that he must offer to divide the article into three parts ; that he must then and there separate the article; that each part must be marked and sealed or fastened up in such a manner as the nature of the article permitted; and that he must hand one part to the seller or his agent. In the case, the purchaser notified to the seller that it was his intention to have the article analyyd by the public analyst, and offered to ‘‘ divide ” it, but he did not offer to divide it into throe parts ’’ according to the statute. Mr.Justice Mathew : The time had not come for him to offer to divide it into three parts, because when the respondent offered to divide it the appellant refused to have it done. Mr. Poole : I submit, my lord, that the respondent was bound to conform with the strict words of the Act. The respondent only offered to divide it. Mr. Justice Mathem : He offered to divide it. That nheant to divide it in accordance with the Act. Mr. Poole : 1 admit that my objection is strictly technical. I contend that the very words of the Act ought to be notified to the seller. Mr. Justice Mathem : Is there any provision which says that a certain form of expression should be adopted, and that no other mill suffice 3 Mr.Poole cited a case which, accordance to his contention, entitled him to have a conviction granted in this case. Mr. Juatice Ngthew : I am of opinion that the justices were right in convicting, and that the appeal should be dismissed with costs. Mr. Justice Day : I am of the same opinion. Appeal dismissed with costs.THE ANALYST. 11 - - RE(TENT CHEMICAL PATENT& The following specification8 have been recently published, and can be obtained from the Great Seal OEce, Cursitor Street, Ohancery Lane, London, No. 1883. Kme of Pfitentee., , * I Title of ,Patent., . Price 4d. 0 1 ., ,. , . Removing both Iron and Manganese frgm certain solutions 4440 C.Semper . . . . . 5975 J. Sellers . . . . 377 T. Copper .. 0 . 441 A, M. Clark b e .o 465 A. H. Lake . . . . 466 A.X. Clark.. *. 472 J. B. Lackenstein . . 480 W. White . b .. 482 A. L.Nolf . . . . 519 A. Jay SG C. Hook.. 651 W. H. Harrison .. 654 H.Simon . . . . 577 N. Bauer . . . . 584 H. L. Doulton .. . . . . . . Nanufacture of a new Brated Wpter, conta-g Bismuth, to be empIoyed for medicinal purposes . . . . . . . Nethod and Apparatus for producing Combustible Gaseous Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Composition to be used as a Substitute for Hard Indiarubber, Celluloid, Ivory, &c. . . . . . . . . . . Separation of Lime from Crude Phosphates . . . . . . .. Manufacture of Varnishes . . . . . . . . . . .. Distillation . . . . . . . . . .. . . . , . Apparatus for $he Manufacture of Gas . , . , , , . Conqtruction of a Secondary Battery, or Accumulator of Eleotricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . Nanufacture and Packing of Mktur;;, or Compounds of Alkaline, and Oily, Fatty, or Resinous Substances for Soap Making . . . . . . . . . . . . , . Apparatus for the Manufacture of Gaa from Oils . . , , , , Manufacture of Artificial Hard and Soft Indiarubber and Gutta Percha . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. Coke Ovens, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Hanufacture of Pure Spirits of Wine.. . . . . . . .. Manufacture of Crucibles . . . . . . . . . . 2d. 4d. 4d. 2a, 2a. 2a. 2a. 2d. 2d. 2d. 4d. Gd. 6d. Gd. 587 E. P. Potter t W, 13. TXiggh Process for Manufmture of Bichromate of Soda . . . . 4d. 589 W. Crossley .b 695 J. B. Tompson .. 060 W. R. Lallre.. .. 732 W. I?. Strype .. 2781 J. S.Muir . . . . . . 170 Loder . . . . 497 C. D. Abel . . . . 653 H. L. Pattinson, junr. 560 A. J. Boult . . . . 586 E. P. Alexander .. 593 E. Sonstadt . . . . 620 J. Walker . . . . * . 625 W. L. Wise . . . . 718 G. W. Von Nttwrocki 731 J. H. Johnqon .. - - . . Producing Combustible Gas for Steel Making, Glass Making, and other purposes . . . . . . . . . . 6d. .. Blaeking, &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gd. . . Combustible Compound of Carbonaceous and other Materials 4d. . . Treatment of Mineral Phosphates to obtain Products there- from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d. . , Apparatus for Carburetting Air, and Delivering or Distri- buting the same for Lighting and Heating purposes.. Gd. . , Treatment and Nanufacture of Coloring Matters . . , , 4d. . , Manufacture of Ligneous Compound, and of Articles Moulded therefrom, in imitation of Wood and other Carvings. . 2d. .. Obtaining Products from Cod . . . . . . . . . . 2d. .. Nanufacture of Sugar, and Apparatus therefor . . . . 2d. . . Treatment of Brine employed in the Manufncture of Salt . . 2d. . . Obtaining and Treating certain bases from Coal Tar,Naphtha, and Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d. . , Treatment and Application of certain Materials after having been fouledin the process of Purifying Coal Gas, for the Protection of Plants or Trees from tho Attacks of Insects 4d. , . Mnnnfacture of Matcrinl suitable for use as a Substitute for Leather, Cloth, Horn, Tortoiseshell, &c. . .. . 4d. ,, &lhnufacture and Treatment of Crystallized Sugar from Starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4d. . . Proparing Malt, and other Amylaceous Substances, for Brewing and other purposes . . . . . . . . Gd. 747 A. Adair & W. Tomlinson , . Extracting Sulphiir and Phosphorus, &c. . . . . 4d. 748 J. H. Johnson . . . . Manufacture of Bichromates of Potash and Soda . . . . 4d. 750 T. Griffiths . . . . . . Manufacture of a White Pigment . . . . . . . . 4d. Treating Iron Ores and -other Mineral Substances for12 NO. 1882. 752 715 716 765 830 8 14 864 a n 897 915 __ - TEE ANALYST. - . Name of Patentee. Title of Patent. Price Langbrek., . . . . Manufaclture of Colored Marking I d s . . . . . . . 4d. J. Hickisson 6- H. W. L. Mond . . . . . . Apparatns for Extracting Ammonia from such Bolutions as are produced in the Manufacture of Soda by the AmmoniaProcess .. . . . . . . . . . . 6d. 5. Mona . . . . . . Xanufacture of Soda . . . . . . . . . . . . Gd. A, B. Rodyk.. . . . . Purifying GumCopal . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d. 5. Howell . . . . . . Treatment of the Mast Liquor produced in Pickling Iron,. 2d. PI J. Wdey.. . . . . Treatment of Sulphuretted Hydrogen, so as t o obtain Sulphur therefrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d. J. C. Naytin., . . . . Apparatus for the Manufacture, Drying, and Packing of White Lead, p&s of which are al60 applicable to the Packing of other Substances . . . . . . . . 6d. J. Clark . . , . , . Reducing Metals from their Ores or Chemical Compounds, . 6d. T. Twynan . . . . . . Produotion of Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates, and Utiliza- tion of Slags .. . . . . . . . . . . 4d. Ci A, Neinert &- P. Jeserich Utilizing Raw Vegetable Bats and Matters for Artificial 942 J. H. Johnson .. 944 Annie Eliza Sctott , . 945 L. G a d d . . . . 949 A. A. Nesbit , . 916 W. Arthur ..- .. 956 E. G. Brewer . . . . 969 W. Weldon . . . . 995 J. T. MeDougall , . 1017 I. 5. McDougd .. 1045 W. IT. Pattinson . . 10.55 L. Brumleu . . . . 1117 W.R.Lake.. .. 3111 Dr. J. Weiler . . 1077 W; Smith . . . . .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. minatingpurposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Produotion of Bases for ColoringJlfatters . .- . . , . . Nanufacture of Precipitated Phosphate of Lime andRecovery Turif;,cation of Coal Gas, and Preparation and Treatment of Furnaces, or Apparatus for Burning, Calaining, or Roasting Sulphur Ores, Spent Oxide of Iron, and other Materials, and Apparatus for Separating Lhst- and Solid Impuri- ties from Cases obtained .. . . . . . . . . Manufacture of Coke . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparatus for Manufacture of White Lead . . . . . . Manufacture of Alcohol and Food for Animak from Amy- laceous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . Separating Orthotoluidine from Paratoluidine, Ortho- toluidine from Aniline and Paratoluidine, by means of Phosphates and Arsenates.. . . . . . . . . Plastic Compound, suitable to be Tolled into fjheets and used as a Substitute for Ebonite of Sulphur from Alkali Water . . . . . . . . . Materials employed therein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/4 ad. 2d. 4d. 2a. 4d. Gd. 4d. 2d, 2d. Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d. . . Testing Metallic Ores, &c., for the Separation of the Metals therefrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sd. . . Separation of Gold and other Metals from their Ores . . 4d. .. Tanning Leather by Electricity . . . . . . . . 4d. , . Manufacture of Ink and Printing Material for use in Print- ing Postage Stamps, &c. . . . . . . . . . . ild. , . Manufacture of Gases and Vapours for Heating and Illw BOOKS, &a,, XECEIVED. The Chernint and Druggist ; The Brewers' Guardian ; The British Medical Johrnal ; The Medical Press; Tho Pharmaceutical Journal: The Sanitary Record; The Miller; The Provisioner; The Practitioner ; New Remedies ; Proceedinp of the Ainorican Chemical Sooiety ; Scienoe ; The Inventors' Record: New Yorlr Publio Health; The Scientific American; Sooiety of Arts Journal; S,anitary Engineer of New "Pork ; Cowkeeper and Dairyman'a Journal ; Sugar Cane ; Country Brewerd Gazetto ; The Medioal Record ; The Groom' Uazette ; London Water Supply, by Crookea, Odling and Tidy ; Chemiqd Rwiew ; Independent Oil and Drug Journal and Paint Review ; Scimco Xonthly ; Journal of the Sooiety of Chemioal Industry; Tobacco.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8840900009

出版商:RSC    

年代:1884

数据来源: RSC