摘要:

Examination with the electron microscope indicates that the soap particles contained in calcium soap lubricating greases have an unusual structure. They are about 1 μ long, and consist of fibers coiled in spiral forms, or of two twisted together in a ropelike manner. The effect of two factors on the form of the dispersed soap particles was investigated. The addition of water to stabilize a dispersion of calcium soap in mineral oil was found to orientate the soap particles from minute, nondescript form to fibers having a wavy, loosely coiled appearance. The shearing action associated with the mixing of the grease during its preparation caused the fibers to assume a spiral or twisted form.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr48f-046

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1948

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Whole wheat mash fermented byAerobacillus polymyxawas stripped of ethanol, screened, and concentrated. The resulting syrup was passed through a steam stripping column, and thelevo-2,3-butanediol in the condensate was recovered by rectification. The composition of intermediate materials and products, performance of pilot plant equipment, and data and recommendations for the design of a large scale plant are given. Corrosive conditions are indicated and possible materials of construction suggested. A quantitative flow sheet and cost estimates for a commercial plant with a capacity of 1000 bu. of wheat a day are included. The daily output of such a plant is estimated to be 8460 lb. of diol (95.5% recovery), 675 gal. of 95% ethanol, 3900 lb. of dried bran, and 25,300 lb. of dried solubles. The initial cost of such a plant is estimated at $500,000. From estimates of raw materials and energy requirements the total cost of production of diol is calculated to be 17.3 cents per lb. when wheat costing $1.10 per bu. is fermented.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr48f-047

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1948

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Barley mashes were successfully fermented byAerobacillus polymyxaon a pilot plant scale. In the laboratory a 12.5% mash appeared to be optimum but more concentrated mashes were efficiently fermented in the pilot plant. The hulls caused some mechanical difficulties, but these were overcome by eliminating right angle joints in the piping and by screening before recovery operations. Products were recovered by the same operations as for wheat. The lower raw material cost of barley resulted in an estimated reduction in the production cost oflevo-2,3-butanediolof 7%, based on 1947 prices; or a reduction of 10%, based on a long-term average for 1908–1940.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr48f-048

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1948

数据来源: NRC