摘要:

The changes in adrenal ascorbic acid and weight have been studied in four groups of animals: (1) partially (65%) hepatectomized rats, (2) partially hepatectomized ones, burned six hours after operation, (3) sham operated controls, and (4) sham operated controls burned six hours after operation. Results show slight but significant differences in ascorbic acid concentration and adrenal weight between Group 2, in which the mortality is higher, and the other groups: ascorbic acid concentration is a little lower in the first 24 hr. after burns, and adrenal weight becomes higher only 48 hr. after burning.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-010

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The changes in the concentration of lipids during thein vitrodegeneration of cat brain slices and sciatic nerve have been determined after incubation in bicarbonate buffer for periods of time from 1 to 14 days. In brain slices incubated for 14 days there was a great decrease in the concentration of total phospholipid with no change in the concentration of cerebroside or total cholesterol. Of the individual phospholipids, there was a decrease in the concentration of sphingomyelin and cephalin and no significant change in the concentration of lecithin. In sciatic nerve incubated for eight days, there was a significant decrease in the concentration of cephalin and a decrease of borderline significance in the concentration of total phospholipid. There was no significant change in the concentration of cerebroside, free or total cholesterol, sphingomyelin, or lecithin. Thus in tissue of the nervous system, there appears to be a phospholipid-splitting mechanism, possibly enzymatic in nature.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-011

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Auscultatory blood pressure measurements have been compared to intraarterial lateral and end pressures. It was found that auscultatory measurements, which are dependent upon the penetration of pulse waves through a compressed segment of artery, were influenced by various factors. When auscultatory measurements approximated or exceeded intra-arterial pressures, broad pulses were found; when auscultatory measurements were below intraarterial pressures, narrow pulses were found. By measuring tissue pressures under a cuff it was shown that cuffs subtended only a relatively short narrow band of equal pressure into the tissues. Hence narrow cuffs or, conversely, large arms that allowed only a fraction of the applied pressure to reach the artery caused high auscultatory measurements of both systolic and diastolic pressure. It was concluded that pulse contour and arm size were major causes of the auscultatory systolic errors while the diastolic errors were due to arm size plus unknown factors.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-012

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Sodium amytal, 190 mgm. per kgm., injected intraperitoneally into rats caused a transient increase in response of normal and denervated striated muscle to electrical stimulus. That this effect is not due to changes in pH nor to changes in ionic balance has been shown by pH tests on rat blood and by intraperitoneal administration of solutions of sodium hydroxide. It is believed that the increased response is due, at least in part, to a direct action on the muscle.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-013

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The gastric secretory response to the instillation of 300 ml. of 0.5% hydrochloric acid was investigated 30 times in eight subjects by withdrawing six samples at 20 min. intervals and measuring the acid concentration. In six experiments duodenal regurgitation was prevented by constant duodenal suction. As this did not delay the fall in acidity ordinarily observed it was concluded that regurgitation was not essential for this process. In 14 experiments phenol red was added to the instilled solution and the amount of dilution was measured. It was found that on the average the decrease in concentration of the dye was the same as that of the acid although there were frequent small discrepancies. It was concluded that instillation of acid into the human stomach stimulates one or more secretions whose net effect is to reduce the acidity by dilution.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-014

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

This study deals with the histological reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue, muscle, peritoneum, nervous tissue, and bone to implants of a collagen derivative obtained from bovine bone, which has been called Collatissue A. The tissue response was in two stages, first, a fibroblastic proliferation about the implant and second, an infiltration by small and large mononuclear cells. Capillary proliferation occurred around the implant. The material gradually lost its normal histological structure, became amorphous, and was replaced by fibrous tissue. There was no polymorphonuclear cell response and giant cells appeared rarely. Silk, catgut, and tantalum foil were used as control materials. They induced a typical foreign body response, which included polymorphonuclear and giant cells. The antigenic properties of Collatissue A were studied to a limited extent with negative results. Collatissue A has certain physical properties, such as tensile strength and flexibility, that suggest possible surgical applications of this material.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-015

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine and cholinesterase determinations were made on 112 neurological and neurosurgical patients. Results on 15 patients with craniocerebral trauma and six psychiatric patients treated with electric shock convulsant therapy (E.C.T.) are reported in detail. Except for epileptics the only cerebrospinal fluid assays positive for acetylcholine occurred in the traumatic and E.C.T. groups, in which acetylcholine levels were 0.2 to 100 +μgm. %. In contrast to all other patients cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterases of traumatic and E.C.T. groups showed reversals of normal fraction patterns. These consisted of reduction of specific and increase of unspecified cholinesterase fractions, together with decrease of total cholinesterase activity. Acetylcholine levels and extent of cholinesterase fraction reversals paralleled the severity of cerebral damage, judged by clinical and electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) signs. Coma or semiconsciousness and depression of E.E.G. activity were associated with presence of acetylcholine and marked reversals of cholinesterase fractions in cerebrospinal fluids. In less severe cases and during recovery, when patients were disoriented and confused and E.E.G. activity was increased, cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine decreased and disappeared, and cholinesterase values returned toward normal. Similar cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities were seen in patients after E.C.T. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterase fraction patterns seem to be sensitive indications of extent of cerebral injury and progress toward recovery.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-016

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine assays were done on 119 samples from 109 neurological and neurosurgical patients. Of these 56 were epileptic and 53 non-epileptic patients. Acetylcholine was present in the cerebrospinal fluids of eight (15%) of nonepileptics, six of whom were cases of craniocerebral trauma (previously shown to give positive assays). In contrast 44 (77%) of epileptic patients had positive cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine assays in amounts of 0.02 to 5.0 μgm. % acetylcholine (average 1.0 μgm. %). The presence of acetylcholine in cerebrospinal fluids of epileptics was apparently related to the frequency of seizures, the occurrence of seizures, and the extent of electroencephalographic abnormalities in these patients. Factors of cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterase values, medications, thresholds of assay methods, and types of epilepsy (with the exception of focal seizures due to intracranial tumor) seemed to be of no significance for these results. This study does not indicate whether the acetylcholine recovered in epileptic cases was directly related to the occurrence of seizures or merely a coincidental finding. The presence of acetylcholine in cerebrospinal fluids in association with epileptic seizures is considered to be significant in the light of previous studies discussed.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-017

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Determinations of cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterase activities and fractions were made on 114 samples from 104 neurological and neurosurgical patients. Details of methods are given. Average rate of acetylcholine hydrolysis was 0.39 cu. mm. carbon dioxide per ml. CSF per min. or approximately 0.5% of the cholinesterase activity of an equal volume of blood or serum. Characterization of cholinesterase fractions, using mecholyl and benzoylcholine as substrates, showed human cerebrospinal fluid to contain specific cholinesterase with a small component of unspecified cholinesterase. Differences of blood and subdural fluid fraction patterns are demonstrated.No correlation of cholinesterase values with cerebrospinal fluid cell counts were found. Attempts to correlate cholinesterase values with cerebrospinal fluid Pandy tests and protein levels were inconclusive, although samples with positive Pandy tests and abnormally high protein levels showed a tendency toward decrease in specific and increase in unspecified cholinesterases. No correlation of cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterase values with clinical diagnoses was demonstrated with the exception of cases of craniocerebral trauma and cases treated by electric shock convulsant therapy, where a decrease in specific and a marked increase in unspecified cholinesterase fractions were observed. At acetylcholine substrate concentrations in the "physiological range" (0.01 to 10.0 μgm. %) cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterase activities were markedly reduced or absent.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-018

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Attempts were made to produce convulsions in cats by intracarotid and intracisternal injections of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). No convulsions were obtained in either instance. Systemic symptoms appeared, however, and plasma cholinesterase was sharply reduced. Intracarotid DFP produced prolonged ipsilateral myosis and salivation. E.E.G. changes on the side of the injection were found in one of two trials. Intracisternal DFP caused prolongation (threefold) of the pentothal anesthesia. The animals, upon awakening, showed a temporary loss of sensation in the forelimbs and cornea with weakness of the hind limbs and a waddling gait. Intracisternal fluoroacetate produced curious generalized seizures. These were classified as scissors spasms, scratching seizures, and myoclonic jerks. They appeared after about three-quarters of an hour, in contrast to the latent period of two to three hours after intravenous injection. Seizures persisted for hours unless stopped with nembutal. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was tested for acetylcholine (ACh), the minimum amount detectable during our experiments being 0.4 to 3.0 μgm. %. After intravenous injections of 1.5 mgm. per kgm. of DFP preceding convulsions produced by thujone, small amounts of ACh appeared in three out of four experiments. Intravenous injection of 5.0 mgm. per kgm. of DFP resulted in 3.0 μgm. % of ACh in the CSF. No ACh was found after the other procedures described.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-019

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC