摘要:

Following the discovery that the reinforcement of GR–S rubber by alkali lignins is greatly enhanced if the lignins, prior to their coprecipitation with the latex, are subjected to oxidation, the reaction of alkali lignins with oxygen and the properties of oxidized lignins were studied. It was found that particularly the melting points of the lignins and their lyophilic properties are increased by continued oxidation. This suggested that these two properties are mainly connected with, and possibly responsible for, the reinforcing capacity of the oxidized lignins in the rubber, which in turn is correlated with particle size, surface area, and adsorptive power. It could also be established that, providing definite coprecipitation conditions are maintained, a well defined oxidation range exists, over which lignins display optimal reinforcing properties.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-042

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Ration-type biscuits commercially prepared according to a basic formula, with increasing levels of supplementary ingredients tested one at a time, gave the following results for flavor tests and chemical analyses when stored in sealed cans at 110° F. for periods up to 88 weeks: flavor score was improved by sugar and impaired by skim milk powder and salt; peroxide oxygen value of extracted fat was increased by salt and decreased by defatted soybean flour; fluorescence of a potassium chloride extract of defatted biscuit was increased by defatted soybean flour, baking soda, skim milk powder, malt, and salt, and decreased by sugar; pH of the potassium chloride extract was increased by defatted soybean flour and soda, and decreased by skim milk powder and malt. Shortening stability was a limiting factor in determining the relative effects of the other components on biscuit keeping quality. Biscuits containing all the supplementary materials had good keeping quality when a stable vegetable shortening was used.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-043

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The adsorption of sodium myristate from 0.1% aqueous solution by a series of carbon blacks and an activated charcoal has been measured at 70 °C. In every case a preferential adsorption of fatty acid was observed. The extent of adsorption of both the fatty acid and alkali components of the soap increased with decreasing particle size, i.e., with increasing surface area, of the carbons. The adsorption by activated charcoal was considerably higher than that obtained with even the finest of the carbon blacks.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-044

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Heated and stored dried milk powders showed a marked loss of amino nitrogen as determined by the Van Slyke volumetric method, but no loss was observed when the formol titration was used. Titration curves of the powders suggested a mechanism for the protein–sugar condensation. The heating of synthetic mixtures of amino acids and lactose resulted in intense browning, accompanied by a loss of ammo nitrogen when a large excess of lactose was employed but no loss occurred when equal parts of sugar and amino acid were present.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-045

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Town gas was used as the fuel for the C.F.R. engine during a series of engine trials run at a compression ratio of 10:1 and at jacket temperatures of 140°, 212°, 302°, and 351° F. The mixture strength at each jacket temperature was varied from the weakest to the richest on which the engine would run steadily. The object of the trials was (1) to determine the effect of jacket temperature on thermal efficiency and (2) to compare the performance of an Otto cycle engine run at 10:1 compression ratio with that of a compression ignition (Diesel) oil engine. The results of the trials show that thermal efficiency decreases as the jacket temperature is raised, that is, the decrease more than offsets the gain due to decrease of heat loss during combustion and expansion. It is indicated by the character of the results and by experiments described earlier that the observed loss of efficiency is due to flameless surface combustion of the fuel during compression. The performance of the C.F.R. engine running on town gas at 10:1 compression ratio as compared with that of a compression ignition oil engine running at 12:1 was superior in respect of maximum power (I.M.E.P.) developed and range of quality control and not greatly inferior in respect of thermal efficiency.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-046

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The thiamine content (by a short method) and the protein content of 754 samples of the 1946 wheat crop and 458 samples of the 1947 wheat crop were determined. In 1946 four varieties were tested m each of the four soil zones, while in 1947 three varieties were tested on the Brown and Dark Brown soils and four on the Black and Black-Gray Transition soils. A highly significant positive correlation between thiamine and protein content was found for the two crops. No significant differences between thiamine values of the Thatcher 1946 and 1947 crop were found. Similarly, an analysis of variance for thiamine content of Redman in the Black and Black-Gray Transition soil zones and Rescue in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones, for the two crop years showed no significant difference. Of the four varieties, Thatcher, Rescue, Pelissier, and Stewart grown in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones, Stewart was significantly higher in thiamine content. The greatest range in thiamine content was 2.73 μgm. per gm. for Thatcher in the Black-Gray Transition soil zone (mean 4.01 μgm. per gm.) to 9.57 μgm. per gm. for Stewart in the Brown soil zone (mean 6.18 μgm. per gm.). A highly significant difference was found for varieties grown in different zones for both years. The values decreased as the soil changed from brown to dark brown, to black and degraded black, and finally to gray.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-047

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC