摘要:

Bile was withdrawn from human gall bladders at different levels and analyzed for cholesterol and bile salts. Results showed there was a chemical stratification corresponding to that in specific gravity already demonstrated. Samples of bile were layered with distilled water in plastic cells. Precipitation of cholesterol soon occurred at the interface. Chemical studies showed this was due to a difference in rate of diffusion of cholesterol and bile salts across the interface, leading to a local fall of the critical ratio. Eventually the formation of a pseudo "stone" was observed. The role of interfacial precipitation due to differential diffusion in cholelithiasis is discussed.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-040

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Acute hepatic necrosis has been produced in every rat of a group fed a diet low in protein, relatively deficient in the tocopherols, and containing cod liver oil and rancid lard. The evidence suggests that the latter two components have been instrumental in effecting this high incidence of liver necrosis, possibly by means of their well known deleterious action on the tocopherols.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-041

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The effect of surgical operations on the urinary excretion of iodine, corticosteroids, uric acid, and ketosteroids was examined in 11 subjects. The majority showed a marked rise in the excretion of iodine which occurred within the first 24 hr. after operation; thereafter iodine excretion tended to decline, being back to normal levels by the third postoperative day. Over the same period of time the excretion of corticosteroids increased and was still elevated on the third postoperative day. The excretion of uric acid was elevated in some but not all of the subjects while no consistent trend in any direction was noted as regards the excretion of ketosteroids. The level of inorganic plasma iodine was elevated one to two hours postoperatively, while the level of protein bound plasma iodine was unchanged. No conclusion was reached concerning either the source of the extra iodine or the relationship between the increased excretion of iodine and the increased excretion of corticosteroids.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-042

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

In confirmation of the work of others it has been shown that the principal enzyme in human cerebrospinal fluid that can hydrolyze acetylcholine is true cholinesterase. There is in addition a lesser quantity of pseudocholinesterase. The true cholinesterase, but not the pseudocholinesterase, was found to be significantly increased in the spinal fluids of patients with syphilis, while the pseudocholinesterase, and not the true cholinesterase, was increased in the fluids of patients with either meningitis or poliomyelitis. The true cholinesterase activity was correlated neither with the protein concentration nor with the cell count, while the pseudocholinesterase was correlated with the protein concentration and less significantly with the cell count. When correction was made for the correlation between cell count and protein concentration, the correlation between pseudocholinesterase activity and protein concentration remained statistically significant, but that between pseudocholinesterase and cell count became of dubious significance. In pathological conditions it appears unlikely that either true cholinesterase or pseudocholinesterase is derived from the white cells in the fluid. It is possible that the increased pseudocholinesterase comes from the blood plasma as a result of an increase in the permeability of the "plasma–spinal fluid barrier" and that the increased true cholinesterase comes from the substance of the brain or spinal cord. For the pathological conditions studied, the determination of true and pseudocholinesterase activity of the spinal fluid would be of little value as a diagnostic aid.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-043

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Studies have been carried out on the interference phenomenon with certain neurotropic viruses in experimental animals. The primary object was to investigate claims that material containing human poliomyelitis virus interferes with the progress of the infection by the MM virus in hamsters, or the Lansing virus in mice. We have failed to find evidence that the inoculation of specimens known to contain human poliomyelitis virus interferes with the progress of MM or Lansing virus infections, and we do not believe that the interference phenomenon can be used in this way as a diagnostic test. In the course of this investigation, it was found that interference occurs when hamsters are inoculated cerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and, four to seven days later, with the antigenically unrelated MM virus by the peritoneal route. A significant number of such treated animals are spared from developing paralysis due to the MM virus. Evidence was also obtained that under certain circumstances the inoculation of MM virus may lessen the severity of the illness due to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus injected several days earlier.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-044

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

It has been shown recently by Dugal and Thérien that during a short or long exposure to cold, the normal hypertrophy of the adrenals is completely prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid, and that, nevertheless, at the same time, resistance is increased towards the same damaging agent. So, the most universally accepted criterion of damage caused by stress is abolished when the animals exposed to cold receive large doses of ascorbic acid. Starting from that observation, it was natural to wonder what would be the effects of the ascorbic acid on the biological changes normally associated with the hypertrophy of the adrenals during exposure to cold. The present paper describes the experimental studies made in that connection; the results obtained show that: (1) ascorbic acid (a) partly inhibits the thymus atrophy normally encountered upon exposure to any stress including cold, (b) accelerates in a very significant way the enlargement of the thyroid, (c) is responsible for an increase in weight of the spleen, whereas the control animals, on the contrary, show a decrease in weight of the same organ; (2) the histamine content of the adrenals, which increases at room temperature under the influence of ascorbic acid, is significantly decreased during exposure to cold under the influence of the same substance; (3) the activity of the adrenals, far from being inhibited by ascorbic acid is even increased if the cholesterol changes are taken as an index of that activity; (4) the initial hypotension—due to cold—found in our controls, is prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid; on the other hand, if hypertension develops after long exposure to cold, the subsequent administration of large doses of ascorbic acid restores the blood pressure to normal. Confirmation has also been obtained for the previously reported observation that ascorbic acid prevents the hypertrophy of the adrenals during exposure to cold.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-045

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The addition of hexahomoserine (α-amino-ϵ-hydroxycaproic acid) to complete rations produces growth inhibition, anemia, and a considerable rise in blood plasma amino nitrogen in the rat. Simultaneous administration of lysine prevents the anemia and partially restores growth but does not affect the amino nitrogen level in the plasma. These effects of hexahomoserine and the antagonistic action of lysine are even more striking in animals previously depleted of lysine. Aminoadipic acid cannot replace lysine in the ration and it produces anemia in lysine-depleted rats. Its action is also counteracted by lysine. Liver concentrates and folic acid are ineffective in the prevention of the anemia caused by hexahomoserine.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-046

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The floor of the fourth ventricle is exposed in the cat, decerebrated with the Sherrington Decerebrator. Eserine, 0.15 mgm. per kgm. body weight intravenously, induces extra respirations and tongue retractions, the latter at the same rate as, and slightly preceding, the "original" respirations. Tongue retractions are caused by irradiation from inspiratory centers to hypoglossal nuclei. Acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations of 1:5 × 107to 1:106, applied in a small rectangle of spot test paper to the floor of fourth ventricle, enhance respiratory and lingual effects; these concentrations of ACh or, occasionally, up to 1:5 × 104often induce convulsive discharges from hypoglossal nuclei, as shown by powerful tongue contractions. Effects of eserine on respiration are not due to concurrent blood pressure changes, which are insignificant. Intravenous eserine and medullary ACh are believed to stimulate and facilitate various central synapses; both drugs stimulate the inspiratory centers. Medullary ACh excites particularly the eserinized synapses surrounding the motoneurones of the hypoglossal nuclei, thus inducing the convulsive discharges from these nuclei. Effects of eserine and ACh are abolished and precluded by intravenous atropine, results that are in harmony with those of several recent investigators.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49e-047

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC