摘要:

Salad oils and shortenings prepared from crude fanweed seed oil by standard methods were lighter in color and more viscous than corresponding commercial products tested, and had slightly lower smoke points. Peroxide oxygen values and free fatty acid contents of all the materials were similar. Small-scale consumer acceptance tests indicated that the fanweed oils, either fresh or aged for 10 days at 100°F., were generally not as palatable as the commercial salad oils (corn and cottonseed), but that the fanweed shortenings did not differ appreciably from the commercial vegetable shortenings. It is concluded that the small amount of fanweed oil present in mixed oil from weed seed screenings will not lessen the potential acceptability of the mixture.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-033

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The addition of appropriate quantities of finely divided solids to hydrocarbon, silicone, and glycerol base lubricants has been found to increase their life in stopcocks manyfold. The flow properties of the dispersions show that those solids that materially increase the high shear viscosity, without contributing greatly to the thixotropy of the system, are the most effective. This effect is produced by solids that have a polarity similar to that of liquid vehicle and are readily wetted by the vehicle. Under these conditions, a linear relation exists between the viscosity of the lubricants at a mean rate of shear of 1000 sec.–1and their life in the stopcock.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-034

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

This work indicates that the essential factor in suspending cocoa in milk is to increase the viscosity of milk to the point where cocoa does not settle, e.g., 15 centistokes at 10 °C. in the system studied. For 21 samples of carrageenin the correlation coefficient between viscosity in milk and suspending power was.98. The high viscosity of cold milk containing as little as 0.04% carrageenin appears to be due to the formation of a casein–carrageenin gel, which is heat sensitive. With 0.1% carrageenin the gel separated into curd and whey when stirred. The correlation coefficient between suspending power in milk and viscosity in 0.05 Nsodium chloride was.91; this suggests that the latter could be used to predict the former.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-035

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The theory is advanced that surface ignition, generally described as preignition, if occurring during compression, is due to partial oxidation of the fuel to aldehyde, a relatively small concentration of this inflammable substance being sufficient for ignition of the charge by the hot surfaces normally present in the combustion space of a high duty engine. The igniting effect may be early or late, that is, before or after spark ignition. Early surface ignition may cause destruction of pistons and exhaust valves of supercharged engines and is indicated by severe knocking. When the effect occurs late in the combustion period there is no destructive effect and the engine will run without spark ignition. The theory is confirmed by engine experiments with rich mixtures which oxidize readily to aldehyde, and it is shown that the occurrence of surface ignition then depends on surface and mixture temperatures. Thus in temperature conditions chosen to eliminate surface ignition,n-heptane can be used in the C.F.R. engine at 10:1 compression ratio and the performance of acetaldehyde does not differ from that of a hydrocarbon fuel. A conclusion of importance in practice is that early surface ignition may occur in a particular cylinder of a multicylinder supercharged engine receiving an extremely rich mixture, because of uneven distribution. If the surface ignition led to the destruction of an exhaust valve or a piston, continued running of a highly supercharged engine on the unaffected cylinders would have the disastrous consequences arising from explosion of the compressed mixture in the induction system.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-036

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Experiments are described which show that the increase in usable compression ratio obtained on adding iron or nickel carbonyl to rich mixtures with air, of hydrocarbon fuel used in the high temperature conditions of the A.S.T.M.–C.F.R. motor method of knock testing, is not accompanied by a commensurate increase in power. The percentage by which the observed power for the doped fuel is less than that obtainable if a nonknocking fuel were used at the same compression ratio has been determined for various additions of the iron and nickel carbonyls of FuelS, a commercial gasoline. The loss of possible power when using iron carbonyl in the concentration of 0.50 cc. per liter, increased from 2% at maximum power mixture strength to over 22% at extremely rich mixtures. The loss is attributed to appreciable oxidation of the fuel to final products, prior to the completion of compression, especially when doped fuel is used. Thus the experimental results confirm the theory, advanced in Part III, that metallic antiknocks act by promoting the high temperature surface (heterogeneous) oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel to steam and carbon dioxide; not by inhibiting a homogeneous oxidation reaction by the breaking of reaction chains, as generally supposed.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-037

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

It has been found that a modification in the method of bringing together the reactants of Skraup's procedure for synthesizing quinolines results in a marked reduction of the violence of the original reaction and in a substantial increase in yield of quinoline or substituted quinoline. The ease of carrying out the reaction is such that it can be utilized safely and economically on a commercial scale. Examples of the modified method are given for quinoline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinohne. The method was applied to the Doebner–von Miller reaction for the synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinaldine and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine with somewhat less improvement than in its application to the Skraup reaction.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-038

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A precise and simple method for the determination of the gamma isomer of benzenehexachloride in commercial insecticides and soil by the dropping mercury electrode is outlined. A satisfactory supporting electrolyte consisted of 1% potassium iodide and a trace of gelatin in 50% ethanol.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr49f-039

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1949

数据来源: NRC