摘要:

125 NOTE ON A SIMPLE MEANS FOR INCREASING CERTAINTY O F PERCEPTION O F COLOUR CHANGE I N VARIOUS TITRATIONS. By A. DUPRE, Ph.D., F.R.S. Read before the Society of Public Analysts, on 2nd Juvte, 1880. As is well known, the change from pale yellow to red, in the titration of chlorides by means of nitrate silver with neutral chromate as indicator, is more distinctly perceived by gaslight than by daylight. No doubt eyes differ in regard to their power of perceiving slight variation of colour tint, and in my case I have always found it advisable, in the analysis of potable waters, containing from one to two grains of chlorine per gallon, considerably to concentrate by evaporation previous to titration, or else to perform the tritation by gaslight. The adoption of the following simple plan enables us, however, to perceive the change of colour as sharply and with as great a certainty by daylight as by gaslight.The water is placed into a white porcelain dish (100 C.C. are a useful quantity), a moderate amount of neutral chromate is added (sufficient to impart a marked yellow colonr to the waterj, but instead of looking at the water directly a flat glass cell containing some of the neutral chromate solution is interposed between the eye and the dish. The effect of this is to neutralize the yellow tint of the water, or, in other words, if the concentration of the solution in the cell is even moderately fairly adjusted to the depth of tint imparted to the water, the appearance of the latter, looked at through the cell, is the same as if the dish124 THE ANALYST.were filled with pure water. If now the standard silver solution is run in, still looking through the cell, the f i s t faint appearance of a red colouration becomes strikingly manifest, and what is more, when once the correct point has been reached the eye is never left in doubt however long we may be looking at the water. A check experiment in which the water with just a slight deficiency of silver, or excess of chloride, is used for comparison is therefore unnecessary. The plan is useful chiefly with very dilute solutions, one or two grains of chlorine per gallon, and since I have adopted it I have entirely given up tbe concentration of the water prior to titration formerly practised. Thus, in the case of turmeric, the change from yellow to brown is perceived more sharply and with greater certainty when looking through a flat cell containing tincture of turmeric of suitable concen- tration than with the naked eye.The liquid to be titrated should, as in the former case, be placed into a white porcelain dish. Again, in estimating the amount of carbonate of lime in a water by means of decinormal sulphuric acid and cochineal, the exact point of neutrality can be more sharply fixed by looking through the cell filled with a cochineal solution. In this case, the following is the plan I have found to answer best. The water to be tested-about 250 c.c.-is placed into a flat porcelain evaporating dish, part of which is covered over with a white porcelain plate. The water is now tinted with cochineal as usual, and the sulphuric acid run in, the operator looking at the dish through the cell containing the neutral cochineal solution.At first, the tint of the water and the tint in which the porcelain plate is seen are widely different ; as, however, the carbonate becomes gradually neutralized, the two tints approach each other more and more, and when neutrality is reached they appear identical ; assuming that the strength of the cochineal solution in the cell, and the amount of this solution added to the water, have been fairly well matched. Working in this manner I have found no difficulty (taking a litre of water) to come within 0-1 C.C. of decinornal acid in two successive experiments, and the difference need never exceed 0.2 C.C. In the cell I employ, the two glass plates are a little less than half-an-inch apart. A somewhat similar plan may be found useful in other titrations, or in fact in many operations depending on the perceptions of colour change. A similar plan will, I think, be found useful in other titrations.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN880050123b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

124 THE ANALYST. ON TEE DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN A WATER RESIDUE. BY FRANK P. PERKINS. Read before the Society of Public Analysts, on 2nd June, 1880. IN the Chemical News, for April 23rd, the second part of a paper by Mr. W. H. Perkin appeared, On the Analysis of Organic Bodies containing Nitrogen,” ;’ and as we read it, it occurred to us that the means there proposed may very readily be applied, and with some advantage, to the determination of organic carbon in a v d e r residue, rendering what is now a somewhat tedious operation less troublesome. The determination of organic carbon by Dr. Frankland’s method, undoubtedly elegant though it be, requires costly and easily deranged apparatus. That devised by Professor Dittmar-an account of which is to be found in the ChemicaE News, for July 20, 1877, and * For the first part, see Chemical News, Dec, 26th, 1879.THE ANALYST.126 also in Frankland’s Water Analysis-while it does not require a special gas apparatus, has rather a complex arrangement of tubes, and scrdpulous attention must be paid to every detail in order to obtain uniform results. It is to this process we turn and endeavour to lessen the attendant difficulties. As it now stands, the process is essentially this-the residue is burnt in a current of purified atmospheric air, in a tube containing cupric oxide and a copper or silver coil. Of the gases evolved during combustion those not broken up andabsorbed in the tube pass on through- 1. A small V tube, containing chromic and sulphuric acids. 2. A tube filled with calcic chloride.9. A small weighed soda lime tube, where the carbonic anhydride formed during the combustion of the residue is absorbed. The preparation of the combustion tube takes some time, from the necessity, if copper be employed, of igniting the coil in hydrogen when first used. But we now have a mixture which will do double work and enable us to dispense with the copper or silver coil inside the tube, as well as the chromic acid tube outside. The author of the paper referred to has found that a mixture of potassic chromate and dichromate, together with cupric or manganic oxide (precip.), will break up the nitrogen oxides, and at a lower temperature will also absorb sulphurous anhydride. Directions for preparing the mixture are given by Mr. Perkin.In working, we have used both manganic and cupric oxide, and the cupric oxide has given the best results. Charge then a combustion tube of rather small bore and drawn out at one end, with the mixture, leaving room fcr the insertion of a platinum boat at its posterior extremity ; let this end of the tube be connected with a bulb apparatus or a Woulffe’s bottle, containing potash solution, and let its drawn-out portion be attached to the following arrangement :- 1. A U tube filled with calcic chloride, the outlet of which is bent downwards at a right angle. 2. A straight tube filled with calcic chloride, the inlet of which is bent downwards at a right angle. 3. A small U tube filled with soda lime, and made in the following vay :- A piece of glass tubing, about 4 inch internal diameter, is drawn out at one end to a small neck.A loose plug of recently ignited asbestos is now inserted, pushing it up nearly close to where the tube begins to decrease in diameter. The tube is then bent into the U form, and after filling it with soda lime another asbestos plug is put in, and this end also drawn out, A short piece of caoutchouc tubing is slipped over each termination, and two stoppers of glass rod are fitted into the tubing. The U tube is now ready to be weighed. The one we use weighs about 16 grammes. The place it is destined to occupy is between the two calcic chloride tubes, but before attaching it the purity of the cornbustion tube must be proved. This is done by connecting the two calcic chloride tubes by 8 piece of caoutchouc tubing and the further one with an aspirator, and then drawing a stream of air, purified by passing through the potash solution, through the apparatus, the combustion tube being heated the while.When the air has passed for a time the rubber tubing is taken off, and a U tube, containing a little clear baryta water substituted in its place ; if it i s not rendered turbid, the tube is ready to receive the residue.126 THE ANALYST. All that now remains to be done is to turn off the gas from the furnace, to replace the tube containing baryta water, by the weighed soda lime tube, to introduce the platinum boat containing the residue into the combustion tube, to connect it again with the vessel containing the potash solution, and conduct the analysis in a stream of air in the usual way, taking care, however, not to heat strongIy the front part of the combustion tube.When the combustion is over, the soda lime tube is disconnected, the little glass stoppers are again inserted, and it is weighed ; the increase in weight gives the amount of GO, in the residue. In a few minutes the combustion tube is ready for another experiment, and may be used many times without further trouble. The following determinations will show the degree of accuracy attainable, A blank experiment gave an increase of 0*0005. EXETER WATER SUPPLY. From the Main. Experiment 2. Organic Carbon . . . . . . 0.272 per 100,000. i Experiment 1. Organic Carbon . . . , . . 0.218 Experiment 3. Organic Carbon . . .. .. 0.164 O.'. 0*366 per IOO,OOO. 1 In 1870, the same water analysed by Dr. Frankland gave, when- Drawn from the Works . . . . . . . . . . Drawn from the Main . . . . . . . . . . O.C. 0-202} Experiment 4. 250 C.C. of water, taken from a well four weeks after it had been pumped out in consequence of a drain having burst intoit, were evaporated with the usual precautions ; the residue gave per 100,000. I O.C. 0,927 Experiment 5. 500 C.C. of the same water gave . . O X . 1-09

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8800500124

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC

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126 THE ANALYST. REPORT ON THE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS TINNED FOOD PRODUCTS. Second Paper. By G. W. WIGNER, F.C.S. THE interest taken in my last paper induces me to publish some further results, The subject grows rapidly in importance, for year by year the food producing power of England becomes less as compared with its food consuming power, while the rapid decrease in cost of transport by sea and land enables produce to be brought over distances of thousands of miles at a cost which is but small compared with the value of the commodity. In my last paper* I reported on one brand of tinned roast beef and one of boiled besf, and five other articles. I will commence again with meat. 8. Corned Beef (St. Louis Beef Canning Company). These tins are of a peculiar truncated pyramidal shape, which seemed at first calculated merely to increase the labour of tin making, but when a tin is opened it is found that the shape is advantageous, as the meat readily leaves the tin as if from a mould.The tins are very full, more so indeed than any other I have opened, and this should assist in keeping the meat. The results of my analysis were as follows :- Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.23 per cent. Albuminoid substances . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.44 .. Containing nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . 4.07 9 Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-71 .. Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.76 ,, * ANALYST, vol. v., page 99,THE ANALYST. 127 The ash contained- Salt (Chloride of Sodium) . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 per cent. . . . . . . . . . . . .Phosphate of Lime -85 9 , It is evident that the meat is only moderately salted; and, considering that it is absolutely free from bone, it contains a very good proportion of phosphates. The moisture is but little more than two-thirds that of raw beef-the fat is less than one-fourth, while the albuminoids are very nearly twice as high. Comparing all the figures, it is a fair estimate to place the dietetic value at nearly twice as high as boneless fresh beef, and about two and one-third times as high as average joints of meat with bone. The flavour is good, In the smaller tins especially it forms a handy reserve for a cold breakfast or luncheon dish. As to the retail price it appears to vary between 8d. and 10d. per lb. Taking the higher figure, this would correspond to about 4+d.per lb. for good sound meat, a lower price than our poorer classes now pay for the trimmings and refuse of a butcher’s shop. 9. Cooked Beef Tongue (St. Louis). This is sold in tins, which are very similar to the As a breakfast dish it is, I think, one of the best of all these tinned It is certainly superior in this respect to the rolled and corned beef ones. goods that I have recently tried. pressed tongues, so common, and is, in addition, much cheaper. The analysis showed :- Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.58 per cent. Albuminoid substances. . . . . . . . . . . . 12.15 .. Containing nitrogen . . . . . . . . 1.92 9 , Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28 .. Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.24 .. Chloride of Sodium in ash .. . . . . 4-94 9 1 This is therefore less salted than the average of ordinary dried tongues, and contains more nutritive matter than they do. It is well packed, so that it keeps for some days after the tins are opened. 10. Tomatoes.-This seems a suitable article to cohsider with the meat and tongue. I have tried two brands, one Thurbers’ and one a French make, with no name on. Both are preserved in water. At first it appeared that this was in excessive quantity, but the whole tin, when analyzed, showed 5.52 per cent. of solid matters. Church gives the solid matter of ripe tomatoes at 10.2 per cent., so that the added water was probably not more than was really needed to fill the tin up when it had been closely packed with the tomatoes. The flavour of most of these has proved excellent, and in no case has there been any objectionable taste.11. Soup should, perhaps, have been treated of before meat, but that I have lesa to say about it. The difficulty I met with has been to find a sample sufficiently mild in flavour. I have tried some half dozen kinds, but all are too strong for my palate ; other- wise, as foods, they are certainly nutritious and fairly concentrated ; the best of them forming a stiff jelly when cold. It consists of a mixture of Haricot beans, Lima beans, and Maize cooked in the tin, and then soldered up ; there is also a little fat added. 12. Succotash, a thoroughly American vegetable preparation. The tin wants simply heating in water before dishing.128 THE ANALYST. The analysis showed :- Water .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 74.58 per cent. Albuminoid matters . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.60 ,, Containing nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . -576 1 ) Cellulose.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1-66 ,, -75 9 , Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It is, therefore, a very good specimen of a boiled vegetable food, and a palatable There are several more analyses to report yet, but the space at my disposal is too change from our winter monotony of potatoes and greens. limited for them this month. RECENT CHEMICAL PATENTS. The following specifications have been recently published, and can be obtained from the Great Seal Office, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, London. 1879 Name of Patentee. 3697 A.M. Clark .. .. 3750 H. J. Haddan .. 3794 A. White .. .. 5535 Ditto .. .. .. 3803 G1. J. Wells .. .. 3804 W.J. Menzies .. 3836 W. R. Lake .. .. 3938 Ditto .. .. .. 3875 C. W. Harrison . . 4078 W. T. & J. Chadwick 4087 J. H. Johnson .. 4122 R. Lancaster .. 4162 W. Cormack.. . . 4221 A. Duprh .. .. 4253 A. J. Boult .. .. 4338 G. N. Tucker, &c. . . 4402 W. F. Nast .. .. 4405 A. V. Newton .. 4440 J. H. Hohnson .. 4544 B. E. R. Newlands .. 4637 W. Morgan Brown . . 4611 W. A. Barlow .. .. .. * . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4781 F. J. Bolton and J. A, Wanklyn . . 1880. 810 J. Pattinson . . . . . . . . Title of Patent. Price Electric Lamps or Regulators . . . . . . . . Is. Electric Lamps or Regulators . . . . . . . . 8d. Apparatus Employed with Telephones .. .. 6d. Telephones .. . . . . . . . . . . , 6d. Manufacture of Caustic Alkalies . . . . . . 6d. Manufacture of Caustic Soda, and Potash . . . . 6d- Production of Power from Bisulphide of Carbon . , 10d. Manufacture of White Lead . . . . . . . . 6d. Electric Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . 6d. Manufacture of Sulphate of Alumina . . . . . . 4d. Manufacture of Aluminium and Magnesium . . . . 2d. Manufacture of Alkalies .. .. .. .. .. 2d. Utilizing Spent or Acid Liquors . . . . . . . . 2d- Manufacture of Sulphate of Potash . . . . . . 2d. Manufacture of Magnesia . . . , . . . . 4d. Manufacture of Ammonia and its Salts . . . . 8d. Extracting Ammoniacal Salts . . . . . . . . 6d. Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . 6d. Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2d. Manufacture or Refining of Sugar . . . . . . 4d. Manufacture of Sulphate of Lime . . . . . . 6d. Manufacture of Hydro-oxide of Carbon by the direct introduction of Liquid Protoxide of Hydrogen . . 6d. Manufacture of Artificial Manures and Ammoniacal Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 4d. Regulating the Explosion of Compounds containing Chlorate of Potash .. .. .. .. .. 2d. H~HNER’S ALCOHOL TABLES.-we print this month the last pages of the Alcohol Tables, calculated by Mr. Otto Hehner, which we have been publishing month by month since March. Our subscribers will note that the paging is so arranged that it will bind with the March Number. The Tables have proved so useful, that Mr. Hehner has decided on publishing them separately in pamphlet form, They may be procured of Messrs. J. & A. Churchill, 11, New Burlington Street, W.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8800500126

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 129 REVIEWS. Naturs’s Hygkne-a series of essays on popular scientijic subjects, with special referencs to the Chemistry and Hygiene of the Eucalyptus and the Pine. THE author of this book must surely have enjoyed the writing of it as a huge practical joke; and the idea of getting people to buy a “ series of essays on popular scientific subjects,” and then leaving them to discover that they have purchased an ingenious advertisement for a disinfectant, called Sanitas, must have tickled him immensely. Seriously, from a scientific point of view, the book is altogether beneath criticism, unless we are to admit that all the labours of others on ozone were only mere preliminaries to the grand discovery of the author, which is to save mankind from all diseases, and consists in blowing air through turpentine and warm water, and then bottling and selling the product under an attractive name.In the whole book we find plenty of Andrews, Day, Pasteur and other authors, and towards the end we meet a little of Kingzett, but he is comparatively smothered in the sea of quotations necessary to aid the large and open type in turning the materials for pamphlet into the size of a book. The concluding paragraph but one is delicious, and is 6s follows :-“ It is possible to dwell very largely on this theme, but it is hoped that enough has been said and sufficient evidence brought forward to prove conclusively that among the processes of Nature’s hygiene there are few more extensive or important than that by the study of which the author was led to the discovery of the disinfectant named Sanitas.” By C.T. KINGZETT, F.C.S. London : BailliBre, Tindall & Cox. Alphabetical Manual of Blowpip6 Analysis, showing all known methods, both old and new. THE rapidly increasing notice which is being taken of this subject by British chemists has encouraged the author of Pyrelogy to publish another manual. The book is of a handy size, and a large mass of information is conveyed in its 145 pages, the whole being arranged under heads placed alphabetioally in dictionary form. The work opens with a dedication to Prince Bismark, which perhaps somewhat too strongly exalts the intelligence of foreigners as compared with the author’s own countrymen, and states how that, unable to obtain proper training in blowpipe analysis at houe, the author had to seek it at Frieburg University.The book proper begins with a condensed scheme f0r a general course of examination, classified under the respective heads of the articles and re-agents used, and then the various special subjects are treated alphabetically. Among the most useful articles are thom on the beautiful re-actions obtainable on the aluminium plate, an excellent table of the constitution of the alloys, and a very full but concise arrangement of the minerals under the head of their chief metallic constituents. The article on pyrochromes is also furnished with a concise, but very complete, table of coloured flames. Every practical point is well treated, and the directions are short, distinct and easily followed. The article directed to show how to distinguish between the true colour of sodium and the false yellow produced by perfectly clean wires, is good, and in it the author claims the superior accuracy of the blowpipe over the spectroscope for this purpose.To save space, certain abbreviations are employed, a table of which is given at the opening of the book : thua, we have H.P. for the reducing flame and O.P. for the oxidising one ; but why we should have HS for H,S is a mystery, and ie a step in the art Gf abbreviation calculated more to confuse than to shorten. By LIEUT.-COLONEL W. A. Ross, late R.A. London : Triibner & Co.130 THE ANALYST. The whole ends with a set of specimen exercises from the Frieburg course, and SO that our readers may see whether the enormous advance in blowpipe work claimed for that laboratory over our native ones is altogether so grea.t, we append the steps in order, as here shown, to be applied in an analysis of crystallized apatite :- I.Agate mortar and boracic acid bead. 2. Potassium carbonate on aluminium plate and boil with water. 3. The dried residue in boracic acid bead (for Ca as chief base). 4. Specks of potassium carbonate to the same bead. 5. Potassium pyrotungstate (for phosphate). 6. Original with crystals of phosphoric acid in a glass tube (for fluorine). 7. Paste of powder on plaintum wire in inner flame and then on copper wire (for chlorine). Taking the book as a whole, it will be found very useful for reference and a great aid to a chemist in rapidly obtaining a qualitative idea of the contents of any mineral he may receive for full analysis, and thus enabling a speedy decision as to the course of ordinary quantitative analysis it will be best to follow.Manual f o r the Playsiological Laboratory. By VINCENT HARRIS, M.D., and D’ARCY POWER, B.A., Oxon. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, King William Street, Strand. THIS little book will be found very useful to medical students preparing for examination as an excellent ‘‘ cram ” on histiology and practioal physiological chemistry. I t is divided into three sections, the first being devoted to practical directions for hardening, staining and mounting tissues; the second to practical histiology of a11 the tissues and organs of the body; while the third deals with the chemistry and tests for the various albumens, peptones, and all other chemical compounds found in the various secretions of animals.Takins it as a summary, it is certainly very complete and concise, a good deal of informa- tion being compressed into the 125 closely printed pages it contains. Here and there we find an omission of something, the presence of which would be desirable ; for instance, in the analysis of urinary calculi, mhere we are simply told that if the stone burns entirely away it is probably uric acid, but no mention is made of the several other organic calculi frequently met with, such as cystine, xanthine and fatty masses which are surely matter not overlooked by examiners. Considering the book as a whole, however, it is to be pronounced an excellent attempt to summarise the extensive subject with which it deals, while the directions for mounting, &c., are most excellent.Supplement to a Handbook of Chemical Manipulation. By C. GREVILLE WILLIAMS, F.R.S. Van Voorst, Paternoster Row. THIS is a pamphlet of some eighty pages, which we ought to have noticed some time ago. The greater portion consists of very brief notices of new apparatus, or modified forms of apparatus which have been introduced since the author’s Handbook was published. These notices are condensed, but still quite sufficient to guide those who have not the opportunity of seeing every new device for saving labour, or increasing the accuracy of work where to obtain the fuller information. A few pages are devoted to short notices of processes of comparatively recent date.THE ANALYST. 131 water Analysis f o r Sanitary PUrpOS88. By E. FRANKLAND, PH.D., D.C.L., F.R.S. Van Voorst, Paternoster Row. THIS volume is a complete description of Dr. Frankland's well known process of water analysis. References to other processes or methods are hardly to be met with in the book, and the controversial matter, which has given so much rancidity to many of the previous publications on organic carbon and nitrogen, is most studiously avoided. We do not notice that any new feature has been introduced into the process, but we suppose the author could scarcely have anything to add, after the papers and discussions to which it has already given rise. The value of the book liesin the fact that, for the first time, the process is published alone, and in a handy form for reference.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8800500129

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC

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THE ANALYST. 131 LAW REPORTS. Can a Public Analyst Appoint a Deputy 2- William Fits, of Clifton, appeared at the Bristol Police Court, on May 20th, in answer to an adjourned summons, charging him with selling to Joseph Bruce, two quarts of milk, which was not of the nature and quality demanded. Mr. Wansbrough supported the summons, as solicitor of the Bristol and West of England Dairymen’s Association. Mr. Clifton appeared for the defence. When the case was first before the court Mr. Wansbrough proposed to put in the certificate of. Mr. Gatehouse, the analyst of the city of Bath, to prove that the milk purchased by the complainant was not of proper quality. Mr. Clifton objected to the admissibility of the document, on the ground that Mr. Stoddart, the analyst of Bristol, was the proper person to have made the analysis.On this point the summons was adjourned. At the re-hearing, the court decided to have the arguments gone through again. Mr. Wansbrough proposed to proceed with the facts, but this was objected to by Mr. Clifton, on the ground that the point in dispute was a legal one, and should be first decided. Mr. Wansbrough said since the adjournment he had looked carefully into the matter, and thought that the magistrates would be of opinion, when they heard what he had to advance, that the case came clearly under sec. 12. They were compelled to go to another analyst because Mr. Stoddart was not acting at the time the milk was submitted to Mr. Gatehouse. He (Mr. Wansbrough) was prepared to show that Mr. Stoddart at that time was in such a state of ill-health that he could not be said to be acting.Their Worships had the Act of Parliament before them, and he thought they would agree that it contemplated such an emergency as the analyst being ill, and the complainants were therefore justified in going to the analyst of the nearest place, and by their so doing no injustice was done to any person. Looking at the state of Mr. Stoddart’s health, he asked the Bench to say that that gentleman was not acting. Mr. Clifton followed on the other side, and urged that Mr. Wansbrough, in his interpretation of the Act, had overlooked certain inviolable conditions. The person who held the position of analyst could not delegate his duties to another person unless there was express authority given by the body in whose hands the original appointment was vested.If they examined the Act, nothing could be found authorising the appoint- ment of a deputy other than in the way which he had advanced, viz., by the Town Council. Mr. Stoddart had been properly installed by that body, and it must be taken that he was acting as such until from some cause or other the post became vacant. If Mr. Stoddart was the analyst of Bristol- and his contention was that that was so-the certificate of Mr. Gatehouse could not be admitted. The Chairman, addressing Mr. Wansbrough, said the court was of opinion that before they could deal with the certificate evidence should be taken to prove that Mr. Stoddart was not acting at the time. Joseph Bruce was called, and on being sworn he said he was an inspector in the employ of the Association.In the month of April he purchased two quarts of milk of the defendant, and took a sample to the laboratory of the City Analyst, Park Street. He did not see Mr. Stoddart, and was informed by the assistant that that gentleman was ill. The assistant refused to take in the samples. Mr. F. W. Stoddart, son of the City Analyst, was next called, and proved that since April his father had been too ill to attend to the duties of the office, and Mr. Gatehouse had been appointed by his father to act. In mswer to the Bench witness said that Mr. Gatehouse had not been appointed to act for general purposes, but only for the Milk Association. Mr. Clifton objected again that such an appointment was a legal one. After further discussion the Magistrates declined to further adjourn the proceedings, and dismissed the summons.It is probable that the oase will be taken to a superior court.132 THE ANALYST. Conviction f o r Selling Adulterated Cogee, althougk labelled Mixture of Chicory and CoJee :- At the Wolverhampton Police Court, on June 3rd, John S. Beddow, grocer, of Victoria Street, Wolverhampton, was summoned for seiling an article not of the nature and substance demanded by the purchaser. The Town Clerk prosecuted, and Mr. J. Rowland, defended on behalf of the Birmingham and Midland Counties’ Grocers’ Protection Society. The witness for the prosecution said he went to the defendant’s shop, and asked for a half-pound tin of coffee. The tin was afterwards handed to the Borough Analyst, who certified that the contents were an admixture of chicory and coffee, and the proportion of chicory being 47 per cent.It was stated that thc tin was covered with a coloured label, on which was printed in large type, ‘‘ French Coffee.” There was a notice in small type that the contents were a mixture of chicory and coffee, but such notice was concealed by a wrapper of yellow paper. Mr. Rowlends, for the defendant, stated that the mixture was bought from Messrs. S. Hanson, Son, Evison, and Barter, wholesale grocers, of Botolph Lane, London, and was largely sold by grocers throughout the country. It was well known that all tinned coffees were mixed with chicory. He called Mr. G. Shelley, of Hockley, and Mr. John Simmons, wholesale grocer, of Birmingham, who both said all tinned coffees were supposed to be mixed.Mr. Evison, a member of the firm who prepared the mixture, said they sold about a ton weekly. The Mayor said the magistrates were of opinion that the contents of the tin was a fraudulent mixture, and that the label, which was printed in so small type as to be scarcely visible, was not sufficiently plain as to the contents of the tin, and they therefore fined the defendant $5 and costs. Mr. Rowlands asked for a case, which the magistrates refused to grant, and notice of appeal was then given. Hozo Co-operative Societies earn their Dividends :- At Forfar Sheriff Court, on June 7th, Sheriff Robertson president, David Mollison, salesman to the Forfar Equitable Co-operative Society, was charged with selling as salt butter a substance not of the nature, substance, and quality demanded.The Supt. of Police said he asked for a pound of salt butter, and paid Is. 4d. for it. I t had a beautiful appearance and was sweet and delicious to the taste, but the analyst reported that it was adulterated with fat other than butter to the extent of not under 75 per cent. One of the members of the managing committee of the Society said they had been swindled by the man from whom they purchased this butter. They paid 118s. per cwt. for it, the same price that was charged for the finest Canadian butter. They had previously had butterine, for which they paid ~OS., but dach keg was marked as the finest Canadian butterine. The Committee had ordered the manager to buy no more butterine, as they intended to sell nothing but first-class butter. The Fiscal : What became of this butter ? Witness : It was nearly all sold out before this sample was taken.I fancy it is all away by this time. We have intimated to the seller that we are not to pay for it as butter. The Sheriff : Then you have made a large profit on this. Witness : But we have to give a large dividend. The Fiscal: The members of the Society are their own customers, so that they are just cheating themselves. The Sheriff said the Society ought to be more particular in the appointment of their purchasing committee, as he believed that i f they had shown reasonable diligence they would have detected that this was not butter. He found the charge proved, and imposed a penalty of $6. The customers seemed to be well pleased with it.We must put on the profit somehow. Inspector Testing Samples before Submitting them to Analyst :- At Poole Petty Sessions, James Cobb, milk seller, of Longfleet, was summoned for selling adulterated milk. Mr. Dickinson, Town Clerk, appeared in support of the information. John Hutchins, the inspector, stated that on the 24th May he purchased half a pint of milk from the defendant. He forwardeda portionto the Public Analyst, Mr. J. Comyns Leach, whose certificate showed that it contained 9 per cent of water. He asked the defendant for new milk, such as he supplied to his customers, and i n reply he said he supplied it to them as milk and water. He had nothing to indicate that. Mr. Hutchings, in answer to the Mayor, said he had obtained samples from at least 20 other milk sellers, but on testing them with the lactometer he found there was no necessity to send the samples to the analyst. Mr. Dugdale suggested to the defendant that he should get one of those instruments for his own protection, so that he could see for himself what was the quality of the milk he supplied. The defendant replied that he knew very well, after selling milk for so many years, what was good milk and what was not good. The milk sold to Mr. Hutchings was as pure as could be got, but there was a certain quantity of water in all milk, and he merely told the inspector that it was milk and water for his own protection. The Mayor fined him $1 and costs.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8800500131

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 133 NOTES OF THE MONTH. In another column we print a decision of the Bristol magistrates to the effect that in the illness of their own analyst it was impossible to prosecute on the certificate of a neighbouring analyst. As usual in sach cases much extraneous matter was introduced by the legal gentlemen, and it was argued whether an analyst could or could not appoint a substitute. All this is quite foreign to the question which resolves itself into the right of the public to take a sample to an adjoining analyst in event of there being no analyst appointed for the district. This right is clearly recognieed by the Act, and surely in both common sense and law the illness of the appointed analyst causes a state of things on all fours with there being no analyst. We trust that for the public sake this case will be pushed to an appeal, so that an authoritative decision may be obtained, establishing the right in question, as we have no doubt it will be easily if the strict point be adhered to. It is not a matter of the power of an analyst to delegate his functions, but of a right on the part of the public to seek aid elsewhere, if either there be no analyst for the district, or if he be temporarily laid on the shelf by ill-health. Section 12 of the Act surely covers the case.Our friend the Grocer is getting moral. A case, which will be found detailed elsewhere, was decided lately, and was considered worthy of being reported by the Grocer twice in the same number ; so, of course, it must be very important, considering the great value of that organ’s space.In this trial it has been held that to sell coffee and chicory as French coffee, with a notice of admixture in very small type, and covered by an outer wrapper is illegal, and the party whose ingenuity suggested the expedient has been fined. The case being under appeal, any comments of ours must, of course, be reserved, but our readers will, we think, be amused by the grand opening of the lawyer for the defence who appeared for the trade society. The association, which he had the honour of representing, was famed to prsvent fraud amongst its members, and, as far as possible, to protect the public. Fancy that now, when no pro- tection societies existed before the passing of the Act, and so it is only when the legislature steps in to protect the public, that the grocers magnanimously assist it by employing their funds to defend a firm who label an article ti mixture, and then cover up the label with yellow paper 1 He stated that he had not come to defend a fraudulent transaction. Another case has occurred in Forfar, in which the salesman at a co-operative store was fined for selling ‘‘ butterine.” A member of the managing committee said that ‘; They had to pay large dividends and so had to get the profit somehow,” and the Fiscal then exclaimed with great dryness that 6 L The members of the society are their own customers, SO they are just cheating themselves ! ’’ How can we wonder at traders being tempted when immaculate co-operators go in for mutual cheating.In Dorsetshire they have an analyst, but the inspectors also act as analysts, and thke care that he shall make no mistake, by testing all the milk they take by a lactometer, and only eending the analyst those samples which they deem necessary.How beautifully skim134 THE ANALYST. milk must pass in Dorset for the finest new article, and what must be the awful conflict of authority when the inspector gets a milk with excess of cream and forthwith finding it show adulteration, sends it on to the analyst, who t,hereupon returns it good. In this case who is to be believed by the local authority-the inspector or the analyst ? Seriously, this is an innovation which is at once illegal and unjust to both traders and the public. We take the following two paragraphs from the Cowkeeper and Dairyman’s Journal, a new periodical devoted to the interest of the milk trade :- To unprejudiced minds it appears somewhat inconsistent to appoint a dstiryman (in an outer suburb of London) as inspector under the Sale of Food and Drugs’ Act. This arrangement does not appear to give satisfaction to other members of the trade in the locality who, perhaps not unnaturally, object to their samples being continually taken by one of themselves, and the natural inference that concocted samples of the Inspector’s milk are submitted for analysation is generally believed. There is no analyst in Bristol, and the underselling milk and water dealers are having a good time of it, as milk is being sold at any price-from 2d. a quart-and great injury is being done to the trade generally. Bristol wants a new anaIyst a t once, or some of the interlopers will by their abominable adulterations be the cause of grievous results to the public.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8800500133

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

134 THE ANALYST. NEW TEST FOR ALOES. HUGO BORNTBAEGER has recently described*: a test for the detection of aloes, which we have no doubt will prove extremely useful. The liquid, or the cold alcoholic extract of the suspected solid, is shaken up with about twice its bulk of benzol. The benzol, which in the presence of aloes amumes a yellowish green colour, is taken off with a pipette, and agitated with a little strong ammonia. The ammonia will now assume a fine violet red colour, even if not more than one part of aloes had been present in 5,000 parts of the liquid. The red colour is destroyed by acids but restored again by alkalies. Other caustic alkalies may be employed, but none yield such good results as ammonia. In the use of beer the presence of aloes can be demonstrated, without any previous preparation, provided about 14 grabs of aloes had been added to the gallon.DEATH OF MR. W. W. SToDDART.-It is with much regret we record the death of this gentleman, which took place at his residence, Sneyd Park, 011 30th May last, from disease of the heart. Mr. Stoddart carried on the business of chemist and druggist in North Street for a considerable time before he took the public appointment of City Analyst, on the passing of the Act against adulteration. The deceased gentleman was analyst for the county of Somerset as well as for the city and county of Bristol. Mr. Stoddart was a F.I.C. and a F.G.S. He was in the 57th year of his age. BOOKS, &c., RECEIVED. The Chemist and Druggist ; The Brewers’ Guardian; The British Medical Journal; The Medical Press ; The Pharmaceutical Journal ; The Sanitary Record ; The Miller ; Journal of Applied Science ; The Boston Journal of Chemistry ; The Provisioner ; The Practitioner ; New Remedies ; Proceedings of the American Chemical Society ; Le Practicien ; The Inventors’ Record ; New York Public Health ; The Scientific American ; Society of Arts Journal ; The Plumber and Sanitary Engineer; The Cowkeeper and Dairyman’s Journal. * Zeitsch. f. Anal. Chem., 1880, 165.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8800500134

出版商:RSC    

年代:1880

数据来源: RSC