摘要:

T H E A N A L Y S T . JANUARY, 1882. SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS. A SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING was held on the 14th December lase at Burlington House ; the President, Mr. Heisch, in the chair. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. The ballot papers having been opened, it was reported that the following gentlemen had been duly elected :-as a Member, Mr. C. N. Hake, F.I.C., Analytical Chemist, London ; as Associates, Mr. J. P. Laws, Asgistant to Mr. Bernard Dyer, and Mr. F. T. Strutt, Assistant to Dr. Hodgson Ellis, of Toronto. Mr. Hugh UcCallum, Government AnaIyst, Hong Kong, was proposed as a member. The following paper was read and discussed :-‘< Some Observations on the Perman- ganate Teat,” by A. Duprb, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. The paper, On n New Method of Testing for AIum,” announced to be read by Mr. Wynter Blyth, was postponed, owing to the author’s unavoidable absence. The Annual Meeting will be held at Burlington House on Wednesday, the 18th inst., at 5 o’clock, when the ballot for the Officers and Council €or this year mill take place and the usual address by the President will be given. The paper postponed from the last meeting, On a New Method of Testing for Alum,” by A. Wynter Blyth, M.R.C.S., &c., will be read, and the author will give some experimental illustrations ; and a paper ‘‘ On the Manufacture of Chloride of Sulphur,” by J. Carter Bell, F.C.S., will also be read. After the meeting, the Annual Dinner will be held, of which duo notice will be sent to members.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN882070001a

出版商:RSC    

年代:1882

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 5 S O M E R S E T H O U S E A N A L Y B E S . BY 0. HEHNER, F.C.S., F.I.C. Read btfore the Society of Public Analysts on the 16th Aiovem,ber, 1881. ON Septomber 12th a sample of milk, taken on the, same day by the Inspector of the Town Council of Derby, was submitted to and analysed by me with tbe following results:- Solick not fat . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.37 per cent. by weight. Fnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49 Total solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.86 Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-65 Specific Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027.4 The duplicate analysis gave total solids 11.97, and ash 0.66 per cent. On the ground of these figures-the specific gravity, solids not fat, and ash-all being low, I certified the milk to be adulterated with 10 per cent.of water. The results of the analysis were indirectly corroborated by the inspector, who informed me afterwards that his attention had been directed to the fact that the person who sold the milk to the vendor had, on a previous day, been seen to add water to the milk, and that in consequence he purchased the sample. The vendor asserting, as was doubtlws correct, that not a drop of water had been added by her to the milk, the sample was sent to Somerset House, 26 days after my analysis was made. Before giving their certificate, the Excise chemists requested the magistrate’s clerk to give them information as to zt number of points, as the case presented some peculiarities.” They specially wished to know whether the milk was the produce of a single cow or of a number of animals, and upon what kind of food they were fed, and were informed that the milk was from a weII-fed herd of 30 cows, grass with a few grains forming the food.On October 19th the following certificate was received : - 4‘ The sample of milk referred to in the annexed letters, and marked No, 7, was The sample was securely sealed. $ 6 We hereby certify that we have analysed the milk and declare the results of our received here on the 8th inst. analysis to be as follows :- Solids not fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.89 per cent, Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 ,, Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.43 ,, 100.00 Ad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.74 ,,6 THE ANALYST. “After making the addition for natural loss arising from the decomposition of the milk ‘‘ The percentages of fat and ash are each equal to that found in genuine milk of good ‘‘ From a consideration of these results, and of the particulars supplied, we are not through keeping, the amount of solids not fat is not lower than is found in genuine milk.quality. prepared to affirm that vater has been added to the milk. As witness our hands, this eighteenth day of October, 1881. ‘‘ (Signed) J. BELL. G. LEWIN.” It will be seen that the fat is slightly higher than in my analysis, Ehilst the total solids have diminished but little. FermentRtive damages cannot have taken place to any great extent, doubtless owing to the cold weather prevailing during the period the sample was kept. After making the addition for natural loss.” Does any chemist believe that there can be made a fixed addition for loss by decomposition ? Fermentation is influenced by many circumstances, and it is not only impossible to make any real correction sufficiently accurate to corroborate or contradict the analysis made upon a sample when fresh, but it is much less possible to make a$md ttddi- tion or correction.Surely chemists who venture to speak of such corrections in such a manner must have considerable confidence in themselves or their powers. The particulars supplied, if they gave any help in coming to a conclusion at all, testified against the genuineness of the sample, and not in its favour. The solids not fat being very low the percentages of fat and ash can have furnished the only guidance.Now, the amount of fat goes absolutely for nothing, milk much richer in fat having been found watered. Besides, it is we11 known that the fst rises as milk becomes old, nitrogenous matter furnishing fatty substances. The ash alone remains as safe measure of the quality of the milk. Having made my analysis very carefully, and obtained results agreeing well, I felt confident thnt the amount of ash found by the Somerset House Chemists could not be correct. I did not allow the heat requisite for incineration to rise to redness, and notable loss by volatilisation was out of the question. I, however, repeated the ash determinations, and found in two very carefully performed experiments-Ash, 0-67 (1) and 0-67 (2). The fat had further risen to 3.89 per cent., the solids not fat fallen to 4.22, when the sample was snalysed a few days ago (October 4th). The loss of substance by fermentation explains the very slight and insignificant rise in ash. I am, therefore, in a position strongly to affirm the accuracy of my ash determination, four sucoessive results agreeing as well as they can be expected to agree; and I do not hesitate to declare the only figure, upon which our Court of Appeal could scientifically have relied, to be erroneous and misleading. Every indication in my analysis pointed in the same direction : the specific gravity, solids not fat, and the ash. On the other hand, we have only the ash, apparently contradicting any results. Public Analystr; can form their own inferences from these facts. The certifieate is remarkable in several respects. From the particulars supplied ! ” MR. 5. FALCONZR KING, F.C.S., Analjst to the City of Edinburgh, has been appointed Public Analyst to the Burgh of Galashiels,

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8820700005

出版商:RSC    

年代:1882

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 7 O N T E A A S H . BY J . CARTER EELL. F.C.S., &c . The following fifty-eight samples of Tea were bought from grocers in the Borough of Salford and neighbourhood :- 1 Congo . . . . 6.00 .. 48.20 .. 51.80 .. 23.50 Ash soluble Ash insoluble Alkalinityof Ash m watoi . calculated as Potash . in water . Nameof Tea. Ash . 2 I! . . . . 6.94 .. 42.10 .. 57.90 .. 18-90 3 I 7 . . . . 6.10 .. 58.40 .. 41.60 .. 26-50 4 7 3 . . . . 6.06 .. 50.60 .. 49.40 .. 26.36 5 I 9 . . . . 6-06 .. 56.44 .. 43-56 .. 26.36 . . . . 5.84 .. 56.86 .. 43.14 .. 30.57 . . . . 6.00 .. 54.34 .. 45.66 .. 26.53 6 I7 8 ? 9 . . . . 5.68 .. 47-89 .. 52.11 .. 29.78 7 7 ) 9 .. . . . . 5.86 .. 57.34 *. 42.66 .. 28.87 . . . . 5.94 .. 54.89 .. 45.11 * . 26.90 . . . . 6.36 .. 46.86 .. 53.14 .. 22-16 10 1) .. . . 6.06 .. 56-77 .. 43.23 .. 26.36 11 I ? . . . . 6.64 .. 45.79 .. 54.21 .. 22.65 12 I7 . . . . .. 45.11 .. 54-89 .. 20.91 13 7 ) 6.74 6-28 .. 61.15 .. 38-85 .. 25.44 14 .. . . . . 6.08 .. 55.94 .. 44.06 .. 29.37 15 7 7 . . . . 6.30 .. 53.66 .. 46.34 .. 20.88 16 7 7 17 7 7 . . . . 6.24 .. 54.17 .. 45.83 .. 20-71 18 $ 9 . . . . .. 52.54 .. 47.46 .. 26.75 . . . . 59.95 .. 40.05 .. 26.90 6.32 19 ! I 5.94 20 11 21 22 Gra)in . . . . 6.48 .. 58.58 .. 42.42 .. 21-76 . . . . 7.00 .. 43.72 .. 56.28 .. 16-00 . . . . 6.14 .. 61.25 .. 38-75 .. 27.55 23 9 9 24 7 3 . . . . 6-64 .. 45-43 .. 54.57 .. 27-06 . . . . 8-46 .. 37-36 .. 62 -64 .. 15-43 25 ? > . . . . 6.36 .. 57.24 .. 42-76 .. 28.39 26 .. . . . . 7.50 .. 47.47 *. 52.53 .. 23.81 27 9 7 . . . . 6.16 .. 48.06 .. 51.94 ..25.94 28 I ? . . . . 6.36 .. 57.55 .. 42-45 * . 26-60 29 .. . . . . 6-38 .. 67.41 .. 32.59 .. 28.25 30 9 1 . . . . 5.82 * . 58-08 .. 41- Y2 .. 25.84 31 .. . . . . 6.14 .. 50-49 .. 4951 .. 26.02 . . . . 7.06 .. 54.68 .. 45.32 .. 21.30 33 !7 . . . . 6-00 .. 61.34 .. 38.66 .. 26.63 34 17 . . . . 6-08 .. 56.58 .. 4342 .. 27.79 35 $ 9 . . . . 7-24 .. 45-03 .. 54.97 .. 20.77 36 9 7 37 38 Mi2& . . . . 5.82 .. 54-99 .. 45.01 * . 26-83 . . . . 6.24 .. 48.08 .. 51.92 .. 27-11 . . . . 6.00 .. 59.00 .. 41-00 .. 28.20 39 I ? 40 42 7 7 . . . . 7.74 .. 36.00 .. 64.00 .. 14-50 43 I ? . . . . 8-58 .. 32.70 .. 67.30 .. 14.24 . . . . 7l50 .. 87-87 .. 62.13 .. 18.18 44 $ 9 . . . . 7.32 .. 43.45 .. 56.53 .. 17.99 45 ? 9 46 9 9 47 9 9 . . . . 7-00 .. 43.15 .. 56.85 ..25.51 48 1 9 49 7 3 51 7 9 . . . . 6-82 .. 41.94 .. 58.06 .. 20.69 50 I 7 52 I 9 . . . . 6-54 .. 44.35 .. 55435 .. 20.12 . . . . 7.40 .. 38.38 .. 61-62 .. 22.83 . . . . .. 58.44 .. 17.09 .. 41.56 53 9 9 7.70 . . . . .. 53.30 .. 46.70 .. 23-96 54 .. 6.38 56 9 9 . . . . 6-74 .. 49.13 .. 50.87 .. 24.56 55 17 57 9 9 . . . . 6.86 .. 43.45 .. 56.55 .. 21-92 58 Tea Dust . . . . 6.10 .. 49.19 .. 50.81 .. 27.70 .. * . . . . . 6.56 .. 43.00 .. 57.00 .. 20.05 .. 32 7 7 41 Cai& . . . . 5.64 .. 57-38 .. 42.62 * . 26.87 . . . . 6.14 .. 58-70 .. 41-30 .. 24.49 . . . . 7.02 .. 40.46 .. 59.54 . . 20.03 . . . . 6.32 .. 50.00 .. 50.00 . . 25-28 . . . . 5-80 .. 56.56 .. 43-44 .. 25-93 The Note on 6‘ The Adnlteratioii of Bdsam of Peru. ” by Dr . Senier. in our November number.was printed by mistake without acknowlegment . It -was really an abstract contributed by Dr . Senier to. and copied by us from the Xnnitary Engineer. of New York .Desciiption of Sample. Dee. 16 ,, 15 ,, 8 ,, 15 Kent Go.. . . . . . New River . . . . East London . . Southwark & Vauxhall . . } West Middlesei Grand Junctior Lambeth .. ., Chelsea . . . . . , c. p. blue none c. s. yellow none c. yellow green none yellow and clear none ~~ Birmingham . Bolton. . . . . . . Bradford., . . . Brighton.. . . . Bristol . . . . . . . Bury pan.) . Cambridge . . . . Canterbury.. . . Croydon . . . . . . Darlington . . . . Dublin . . . . . , Edinburgh *. . . Exeter . . . . . . . . Grantham . . . . Greenock . . . . Hastings . . . . Ipswich . . . . . . King'sLynn .. Leamington ..yellow p. yellow Dec. 6 clear blue ?, 6 LL turbid yellow ,, 15 v.s.op.,s.pt.yl. ?, 11 c. blsh. green NOT. 28 brownish green I Dee. 6 s. turb yellow SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS. Annlyses of Eizglish Public WateT Supplies in December, 1881. A11 1'esults w e expressed in GRAINS PER GALLON. 22.90 6.42 8-30 21.20 19-20 7.55 26.00 9-80 24.00 11-20 4.35 8.32 7.00 23-18 5.52 28.40 33.45 28.70 30.10 I - mineral mtr, veg. debri: none vegetable debris sand, diatoms min. mtr. veg. deb. satisfactory s. mineral none min. matter veg. debrir satisfactory none earthy and veg. debris diat. confer. & mov. orgs vegetable debris satisfactory inoviiig organisms none ), 14 ,, 21 ,, 20 ,, 19 Nov. 28 Dee. 13 ,, 3 ,, 17 ,, 8 ,, 12 ,, 16 ), 10 ), 1 p. ble. v.-s. turb. c. pale blue f.grnsh. blue s. yellow s. yellow s. brown f. brnsh. yellow s. blue s. turb c. brnsh. yellow grnsh. s. cloudy colourless drty. grsh. yell. greenish none none none none none none none none none none none none f. earthy none none none none none none none none v. faint none 1.98 1.12 1.14 1.24 1.06 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.12 -48 *70 2.05 -90 *88 1.30 1.47 1-05 1.05 -99 -80 -84 1.12 *so 4-90 2.24 1-69 1-54 - Phosphoric Acid in Fhosphetes. trace trace trace trace trace Crace trace trace none none none none none tsace trace none trace trace trace none trace trace none trace trace trace none -490 a269 *203 a170 e l 8 1 -151 -150 -170 -154 -038 none -392 -044 so46 *560 -411 *179 *032 traces trace *lo9 *780 -001 -105 -420 *142 none ,0074 *0028 -0014 .0010 -0012 ~0008 .0010 -0010 -0007 -0015 none ,0084 none 0050 a0014 ,0005 *0060 trace ,0020 trace *0007 -0009 *0009 *0035 -0030 .0028 -0028 -0030 -0028 -0078 -0070 -0060 ,0076 ~0080 *0115 ,0063 ,0049 -0041 4042 no072 ,0028 -0006 -0010 ,0035 -0060 -0024 -0038 *0015 *0115 *0052 0033 a0056 -0021 I_ ~0080 *0400 ,0160 -0600 -0673 ,0334 -0644 ,0590 ,0013 ~0188 .0260 ~0040 -0179 -0170 *Oil56 +0020 *0084 -0541 *0050 a0160 4045 *I700 -0020 none a0200 none L l1ours at SO0 Fahr.-0120 *0800 *OM0 *lo88 *lo96 *0926 -1064 ,0980 -0044 -0370 -1560 -0040 -0358 ~0370 4084 *0060 -0084 -1174 ~0300 *0400 *0721 *Ol% *2000 -0050 -0054 -3587 -0045 HARDNESS, Clark's ScaIo, in degrees. 20.80 1 5.50 160° ~ 3.5" 15-0" 1 4.0° 14.P ' 4.0° 13.7" 1 3.8' 14.7" 4.6O 14.5O ' 4.0° 17 0" ' 4.5' 12-20 3-20 4-50 12%' 16*8" 4-50 lfi*O" 5-0" 15.5" 9-50 1-3' 4.90 2.9" 14.8' 1.80 9-50 23.5' 18*0° 26.1' 6*0° 3-0° 4-30 3%" 1-6O 4.40 5.0' 3.40 6 .5 O 4.50 * 6 O 4.7" 2.9' 5-00 1 -6' 6-00 4.5O 6 * 5 O 13.6O 4 1 ANALYSTS. Wigner & Harland. B. Dyer. Wigner & Harland. J. Muter. 0. Hehner. A. Wynter-Blyth. J. Muter. A. Dnpr6. A. Hill. W. €I. Watson. F, M. Rimmington. Wigner cft Harland. F. W. Stoddart. W. H. Watson. J. West Enights. S. Harvey. C. Heisch. W. P. K. Stock. C. A. Cameron. J. Falconer King. F. P. Perkins. A. Ashby. J. W. Biggart. H. H. Cheshire J. Napier. W. Johnstone. A. Bostock Hill.SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS. Analyses of English Public Water Supplies in December, 1881. A11 i*esults a7.e expressed in GRAINS PER GALLON. Dee. 19 ,, 9 Nov. 28 Description of Sample. Leicester... . . . Liverpool . . . . Maidstone- * Wtr. Comganj Wtr. Companj Public Conduil Manchester.. . . Nemark . . . . . . Newcastle -on- Tyne.. . . . @ Norwich . . . . . . Nottingham . . Portsnlouth . . Reading . . . . . . Bochdale . . . . Rugby ....=... Sallord . . . . . . Shrewsbury , . Southampton., Swansea . . . . . . Whitehaven .. Wolverhampton I s. yellow none grnsh. yellow s.peaty brn. v. muddy Dee. 12 grsnh. brn. opq. ,, 9 1 grn. blue ,* 21 v. s. turb. f.yell. ,, 17 c. grnsh. blue ,, 8 f . yellow none none none none decided none none none none none none none none none ,, 10 ,, 14 ,, 12 ,, 1 ,, 18 ,, 13 ,) 1 ,, 10 ,, 21 ,, 16 ,, 8 ,, 15 1.73 1.08 2.20 2.90 2.10 *62 1-30 -85 2.00 1.91 1-12 1.10 48 1.26 -70 1-45 1.26 -90 *39 1.33 p. gmsh. yellow c. grnsh.blue v. s. turbid f. grnsh. yellow pale blue f. turbid v. cloudy yellow c. colourless c. p. yellow s. turbid c. f. green brownish Phosphoric Acxd in Phosphates. trace trace h. trace traoe trace none ti ace trace trace none trace trace none h. trac,e none trace h. trace trace noiie trace -0% a062 -470 -570 -380 none -052 *036 *058 1.400 -240 el45 -010 -130 -260 *493 none -004 -126 -0017 ! *0039 *0007 ' *0021 -0060 j -0331 *0014 I *0049 *0038 -0024 -0010 traces -0012 trace -0014 -0030 -006 *0028 none -0030 .0010 none -0007 none ' -0028 *0055 -0043 -0080 *0044 -0066 -0021 *0081 ,0028 -0196 -0070 -0040 -00% ~0063 a0008 -0063 Fahr. -0225 ,0392 -1495 -0501 -0031 -0111 ,0154 4570 ~0340 4040 none -020 .0002 -0280 *0440 *0080 .0030 -0083 -0224 4 hours at 80° Fahl. *0840 *lo55 *2996 +0548 *0039 ,1112 ~0406 ,1020 +0620 a0040 none .05 6 ,0070 *0532 ,1340 *0080 -0040 *0173 -05 60 HARDNESS.2 in de Before ;oiling. 8 - 4 O 5.2' 10*4O 19.7' 19-50 2-10 17.2O 16-0° 15-0° 1 1 . 5 O 17.00 15.1' 2 . 8 O ll.oo 3-00 21.5' 15.0° 1.6" -40 13.1O 5.0' 4 * 2 O 6.3' 9*1° 7*7O 2*oo 14.0' 5.7" 4*0° 5.5O 2.00 4*0° 2.5' 8.5' 2 * 5 O 7-5O 5.0' 1.6' -40 6.7' 14.60 9.52 33.20 43.50 36.70 4-91 37.15 21.00 20 00 27-80 18.20 19.85 3.80 16.80 10.00 24.68 23.00 4.40 1.90 22.40 Mieroscopicrtl Exambation of Deposit. vegetable debris s. vegetable debris reg. debris earthy matte] mineral matter none s. mineral diatoms satisfactory satisfactory mycelium, veg. debris vegetable amorphous debris satisfactory sms.,hrs.,vg.db.,snd.,&c oxide of iron none vegetable debris uone satisfactory earthy and few diatoms BNALY ST 9. W. L. Enimerson. A. Smetliam. M. A. Adams. N. A. Adams. X. A. Adams. W. Thomson. A. Ashby. J. Pattinson. W. G. Crook. Wigner & Harland W. J. Sykes. J. Shea. T. A. Collinge. A. P. Smith. J. Carter Bell. T. P. Blunt. A. Angell. W, Morgan. A. Kitchin. E. W. T. Jones. Abbreviations:-o., clear; f., faint j h., heavy; p., pale; v. h., very heavy; v. s., very slight. * When River was flooded.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8820700007

出版商:RSC    

年代:1882

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

10 THE ANALYST. THE PUBLIC WATEE SUPPLIES OF ENGLAND. VALUATION, ACCORDING TO WIGNER’S VALUATION SCALE,” OF THE ANALYSES PUBLISHED IN the following table me give the average valuation of those public water supplies reported on this month from January to June, and the valuation of the July, August, September, October, November, and December waters. THIS MONTH. -xOaNO? x m .m*m * r n b r ? r n ~ r n r n O t + *mc- -lo3 * w m m *mrlc;1CIsrla~mm ‘ a m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .Okving to considerations of space we have omitted from this table those places as to which we have published no analyses during the past five months. In the case of the Metropolitan waters, the average valuation of the suppIieg for Deoember show an increase of usarly 6 over the valuation for November, but the increase is mainly in the supplies of the compmies drawing from the rivers Thames and Lea. The Kent water shows an increase of 3 in value, the New Biver water an increaseTHE ANALYBT. 11 in the valuation of only one, while the other companies have increases ranging from 3 in Grand Junction to I in Lambeth. Among the provincial supplies reported on this month the most pure are Rochdale and Whiteharen with a valuation of 7 Gach, Canterbury 14, Dublin and Swansea 15 each, and Edinburgh 19.In these there is scarcely any notttble change from last month, with the exception of Edinburgh which ahows it marked improvement. Following these best waters we have Croydon with a valuation of 21, Exeter 22, Bristol 23, Learnington 24, Cambridge, Portsmouth, and Shrewsbury 25 each, Bolton and Maidstone Public Conduit 26 each, Manchester 27, Brighton and Ipswich 28 each, Bir- mingham 29, and Grantham 30. In these figures the only change of note is the remark- able improvement in the Birmingham mpply. The valuations of Bury, Darlington, King’s Lynn, Newcastle, Norwich, Rugby, and Wolverhampton show an improvement over the valuations of last month, while, on the other hand, the waters of Bradford, Hastings, Leicester, Liverpool, Maidstone Company, Newark, Nottingham, Reading, Salford, and Southampton give less satisfactory indications, the Maidstone and Salford waters showing much higher valuations than previously owing to the turbidity of the samples.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8820700010

出版商:RSC    

年代:1882

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYBT. 11 LAW REPORT. Magistvate mt to decide as to the fact of Adulteration.-Decision o n Appeal :- With reference to the important case briefly noticed at page 155 of our last vol., in which a magistrate had decided that it was for him and not for the analyst to decide as to the fact of adulteration, it may be of interest to our readers if we give the judgments of Justices Lindley and Mathew reversing the magistrate’s decision, for which we are indebted to Mr. Farnfield. Shortly stated the case was this-Henry Richards had been summoned by W. T. Harrison, an Inspector for the Poplar Board of Works, for selling adulterated milk. The certificate of the analyst, Mr. W. C. Young, gave the usual figures, and stated, “ I am of opinion the same is a sample of milk adulterated with 20 per cent.of water.” The magistrate (Mr. Lushington) considered that he and not the Public Analyst was the ultimate judge of the matter in issue, whether the defendant had sold to the inspector milk adulterated with water. He took it to be matter of notoriety and cominon observance that the milk of different cows, and of the same GOWS under different circumstances, varied considerably in richness and in the proportion of its several constituents; he compared the results certified by Mr. Young with some obtained by Dr. Voelcker, and Game to the conclusion that It was fully possible that the defendant’s milk was in fact a sample of very poor but genuine milk, from wbich some of its original richness had been abstracted in the process of gradually ladling out for sale, wlthout any fraudulent adulteration with water, and the magistrate declined t o convict the defendant.He was of opinion that he had satisficd the statute (Sale of Food Act, ss. 21, 22) by receiving the analyst’s certificate as sufficient evidence of the constituents of the milk, and that he was left free by the statute to question and examine for himself the correctness of the certificate, so far as regarded the analyst’s conclusion that the milk had been adulterated. The magistrate gave a special case, which was argued by counsel for the Poplar Board of Works, before the Queen’s Bench Division, and the following are the judgments delivered :- Mr, Justice Lindlcy : Nobody appearing on the other side I think we have seen enough to say that the magistrate has put too narrow a construction upon s.21, which runs thus, ‘‘ At the hearing of the information in such proceeding the production of the certificate of the analyst shall be sufficient evidence of the facts therein stated, unless the defendant shall require that the analyst shall be called as a witness, and the part of the article retained by the person who purchased the article shall be produced, and the defendant may, if fie thinks fit, tender himself and his wife to be examined on his behalf.” The form of the certificate throws some light upon the proper construction of the expression ‘‘ evidence of the facts therein stated.” The facts to be stated in the certificate are to be the result of an analysis, and the form is, ‘‘ I have analyeed the same and declare the result ol my analysis to be as follows ” :-that is one set of facts ; then comes an expression which is another fact, and it runs thus : ‘‘ I am of o p ~ o n that12 THE ANALYST.the said sample containad the parts as under, or the percentages of foreign ingredients as under.” What the analyst here has done is this-he has aldyzed this milk, and he sets out the result of the analysis in the certificate, and then he gives in the note his opinion, and his opinion is that the sample of milk is adultoratecl with 20 per cent. of water. That is prima facie evidence ; of course, it is not conclusive, but it is prima .facie evidence, which, in this case?, the person charged did not attempt to dispute. I t is to be taken for what it is worth, and the Act of Parliament presumes what it is worth. It says that it is to be p ~ 7 m a facie evidence. Therefore, I think it was not right on the part of the magistrate here to take the course he did, becaiise what he did was to disregard the only evidence there was in the case. There mas no other sviclence at all, but lie has not given effect to it. Mr. Justice Mathew : I am entirely of the same opinion. Mr. R. Brown : Then the case is reinitted to the magistrate €or conviction ? Mr. Justice Lindley: Not €or conviction. The case is remitted back, Chen that will give the magistrate an opportunity of explaining it. I think the question is whether he was right. We will answer the question 13s saying that in our opinion his determination was erroneous in point of law, and then the case is remitted to him for his deterinination.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN882070011b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1882

数据来源: RSC